394 research outputs found
Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation
No full textNanoparticles are materials with special properties that can be applied in different fields, such as medicine, engineering, food industry and cosmetics. The contributions regarding the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles have allowed researchers to determine a special group of nanoparticles with key characteristics for several applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their ability to improve the properties of polymeric materials. For this reason, the development of novel/emerging large scale processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a great and important challenge. In this work, an environmental assessment of the large scale production of magnetite via coprecipitation was carried out with the aim to evaluate its potential impact on the environment at a processing capacity of 806.87 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles. The assessment was performed using a computer-aided tool based on the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This method allows us to quantify the impacts generated and classify them into eight different categories. The process does not generate any negative impacts that could harm the environment. This assessment allowed us to identify the applicability of the large scale production of magnetite nanoparticles from an environmental viewpoint
Process Analysis of Hydrogen Production via Biomass Gasification under Computer-Aided Safety and Environmental Assessments
No full textEl Trabajo Social frente al legado de Alberto Hurtado
No full textThe horizon of the reflection upon which this article is inspired is to plan challenges for social work in the light of the legacy of Alberto Hurtado. For that purpose, we investigated- to say it with Habermas- in spaces of interlocution between "the spirits of Athens and the inheritance of Israel" -or in Adela Cortina's words- in the relationship between two fundamental parables to understand the human bonds at present: Alliance and Contract. The work hypothesis of the author is that Alberto Hurtado, without being a social worker, but, as a tireless worker of social concerns showed that Israel and Athens can be fertilized reciprocally, without implying a colonization of the fields of autonomy, or the 'comeback' towards pre-modern forms of entailment between the religious scope and the secular scope. What spaces of interlocution can we visualize in the present? I consider that a privileged point of interlocution is constituted by the debate about the ethical questions that are at stake in social life.El horizonte de la reflexión en la que se inspira este artículo es pensar desafíos para el trabajo social a la luz del legado de Alberto Hurtado. Para ello, indagamos -para decirlo con Habermas- en espacios de interlocución entre "el espíritu de Atenas y la herencia de Israel", o -a la manera de Adela Cortina- en la relación entre dos parábolas fundamentales para comprender los vínculos humanos en el presente: Alianza y Contrato. La hipótesis de trabajo de su autor es que Alberto Hurtado, sin ser un trabajador social, pero sí un infatigable trabajador de lo social, mostró que Israel y Atenas se pueden fecundar recíprocamente, sin que ello implique una colonización de los propios campos de autonomía, ni el "regreso" hacia formas premodernas de vinculación entre el ámbito religioso y el ámbito secular. ¿Qué espacios de interlocución podemos visualizar en el presente? El autor considera que un punto de interlocución privilegiado lo constituye el debate en torno de las cuestiones éticas que se ponen en juego en la vida social.
Automating relative and absolute environmental sustainability assessments of bio-based products
No full textAwareness of long-term environmental challenges has motivated society toward a more sustainable future. Biotechnology is expected to contribute to the transition towards sustainability. Automation can play an important role in this transition, enabling faster decision-making at early stages. Therefore, an automated relative and absolute environmental sustainability assessment is presented to boost innovation in biotechnology. The automated calculation methodology uses computer-aided tools (dedicated software and Python codes) for the fast quantification of the environmental sustainability performance of bio-based products including scenario and uncertainty analysis. Two case studies (i) succinic acid (SA) and (ii) poly-lactic acid (PLA) are evaluated to test the capabilities of the automated assessment. The results show a carbon footprint and land use of 5.46 kg CO2 eq and 1.26 m2a crop eq for SA and 3.82 kg CO2 eq and 0.74 m2a crop eq for PLA. Transgression of planetary boundaries was found in both SA and PLA production
El Trabajo Social frente al legado de Alberto Hurtado
No full textThe horizon of the reflection upon which this article is inspired is to plan challenges for social work in the light of the legacy of Alberto Hurtado. For that purpose, we investigated- to say it with Habermas- in spaces of interlocution between "the spirits of Athens and the inheritance of Israel" -or in Adela Cortina's words- in the relationship between two fundamental parables to understand the human bonds at present: Alliance and Contract. The work hypothesis of the author is that Alberto Hurtado, without being a social worker, but, as a tireless worker of social concerns showed that Israel and Athens can be fertilized reciprocally, without implying a colonization of the fields of autonomy, or the 'comeback' towards pre-modern forms of entailment between the religious scope and the secular scope. What spaces of interlocution can we visualize in the present? I consider that a privileged point of interlocution is constituted by the debate about the ethical questions that are at stake in social life.El horizonte de la reflexión en la que se inspira este artículo es pensar desafíos para el trabajo social a la luz del legado de Alberto Hurtado. Para ello, indagamos -para decirlo con Habermas- en espacios de interlocución entre "el espíritu de Atenas y la herencia de Israel", o -a la manera de Adela Cortina- en la relación entre dos parábolas fundamentales para comprender los vínculos humanos en el presente: Alianza y Contrato. La hipótesis de trabajo de su autor es que Alberto Hurtado, sin ser un trabajador social, pero sí un infatigable trabajador de lo social, mostró que Israel y Atenas se pueden fecundar recíprocamente, sin que ello implique una colonización de los propios campos de autonomía, ni el "regreso" hacia formas premodernas de vinculación entre el ámbito religioso y el ámbito secular. ¿Qué espacios de interlocución podemos visualizar en el presente? El autor considera que un punto de interlocución privilegiado lo constituye el debate en torno de las cuestiones éticas que se ponen en juego en la vida social.
Las Cortes de Casto amor de Hurtado de Toledo y la prosificación de la Octava rima de Boscán. Hacia el neoplatonismo amoroso en la literatura española
No full textIn this article, we show that the Cortes de Casto Amor (Toledo: Juan Ferrer, 1557), published under the name of Luis Hurtado de Toledo, include a prose version of some sections of Juan Boscán’s Octava rima, a poem in which, as it is well known, fragments of Pietro Bembo’s Stanze are translated and imitated. Apart from the task of transforming in prose some lines of the Octava rima, Luis Hurtado de Toledo in his Cortes modifies the ending of Boscan’s poem and proposes an articulation of the conflict of love in the author-protagonist pointing to an intellectual love and, in the end, the love of GodEn este artículo exponemos cómo la novelita Cortes de Casto Amor (Toledo: Juan Ferrer, 1557) de Luis Hurtado de Toledo incluye una prosificación de algunas partes de la Octava rima de Juan Boscán, poema que, como se sabe, traduce e imita sendos fragmentos de las Stanze de Pietro Bembo. Además de la prosificación, en las Cortes se prosigue la propuesta de final abierto de la Octava rima y se plantea una resolución al conflicto amoroso del autor en términos de amor intelectual y amor divino. Se trata, así, de una temprana muestra del influjo de las corrientes amorosas del neoplatonismo en la literatura español
[[alternative]]COMMENTARY ON THE TRANSLATION OF Marriage, Divorce, and Children’s Adjustment
No full text[[abstract]]Based on the study of an in-house English-to-Chinese translation work of Robert E. Emery’s Marriage, Divorce, and Children’s Adjustment, the author studies a number of strategies that evidently help improve quality of such work. In this thesis, the author discusses techniques including segmented translation and reader orientation proposed by several professional practitioners and researchers in the field of English-Chinese translation.
The evaluation of a translated text is a vital factor to assuring the quality of translation. In this thesis, the translated work is evaluated against Juliane House’s modal of translation quality assessment, which employs both linguistic-textual and social approaches to translation evaluation. In addition, Nicole Martinez Melis and Amparo Hurtado Albir’s notion of translation competence is used as a yardstick to evaluate the translator’s knowledge and skills in translation.
The author finds in conclusion that while the fluency of a piece of translation work seems more critical than literal fidelity when evaluated for effectiveness in delivering the message of the original text, only a set of ad-hoc measurements in the current evaluation tools is available to point out deficiencies and flaws in a translation work. It would be desirable to develop an objective and consistent set of criteria for such evaluation in the future.
Environmental and Safety Assessments of Industrial Production of Levulinic Acid via Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration
No full textThese days, there is a need to develop novel and emerging
processing pathways that permit production of value-added substances
and fuels considering sustainability aspects. In this sense, levulinic
acid (LA) is one of the most promising biorefinery products. This
paper presents environmental and safety assessments of LA production
via acid-catalyzed dehydration (ACD) of biomass. The process was modeled
by using Aspen Plus process simulation software based on a capacity
of 132 000 tons per annum of banana rachis (main raw material).
Likewise, environmental and safety assessments were developed. Parameters
such as heats of reaction, explosivity, toxicity of substances, and
operational conditions along with extended mass and energy balances
were used to perform safety and environmental analyses. In this regard,
the modeled topology showed an inherent safety index (ISI) score of
24 with an equal contribution of 12 points for both chemical inherent
safety index (CIS) and process inherent safety index (PIS). ACD showed
a good safety performance, with moderate concerns related to the handling
of formic acid. Moreover, the waste reduction algorithm (WAR) was
used to assess environmental performance and estimate potential environmental
impacts (PEIs) of the simulated topology. It was performed considering
four case studies to determine the influence of mass streams (case
1), product streams (case 2), energy streams (case 3), and simultaneous
products and energy contribution (case 4). This analysis showed that
for this process, the total inletting flow of impacts that enter was
less than the amount of these that leave the system according to a
generation rate of the PEI for case 1 (−1.89 × 102 PEI/h) and case 3 (−1.83 × 102 PEI/h).
From the environmental viewpoint, the major concern is associated
with the photochemical oxidation potential category because of the
handling of volatile organic compounds through the process
Comparison of biobutanol production pathways via acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation using a sustainability exergy-based metric
No full textEvaluación ambiental de la producción a larga escala de microperlas de quitosano modificadas con tiourea como alternativa de valorización de residuos en el sector camaronicultor
No full textWaste generation during shrimp processing is a serious environmental and public health issue that has motivated the search for valorization alternatives such as chitosan extraction. Due to its properties, such biopolymer has been used in different sectors like pharmaceutic, water treatment and biomedicine. In this work, process simulation and environmental evaluation was carried out for the conversion of shrimp-derived chitosan into chitosan microbeads modified with thiourea. To this end, it was used the process simulation software Aspen Plus® and the waste reduction algorithm (WAR). Four cases were considered regarding contributions of energy and products. The conversion yield was calculated in 2 kg MPs-Thiourea/kg chitosan. The environmental evaluation showed that case 3 reached the highest total output impacts (1.23×10+3 PEI/h), followed by case 2, case 1 and base case. It was concluded that energy contributions are less than product contributions and the overall process is environmentally friendly for atmospheric and toxicological impacts.La generación de residuos durante el procesamiento del camarón es un alarmante problema de salud pública y medioambiental, lo que ha motivado a la búsqueda de alternativas de valorización de estos residuos tal como la producción de quitosano. Debido a sus múltiples propiedades, este biopolímero ha sido utilizado en diferentes sectores como el farmacéutico, tratamiento de aguas y biomedicina. En esta investigación, se realizó la simulación y evaluación ambiental de un proceso químico enfocado en la conversión de quitosano a partir del exoesqueleto de camarón hacia microperlas de quitosano modificadas con tiourea. Para ello, se utilizó el software de simulación Aspen Plus® y el algoritmo de reducción de residuos (WAR). Cuatro casos fueron considerados referentes a las contribuciones de energía y productos. El rendimiento de producción de las microperlas (MPs) fue de 2 kg MPs-Tiourea/kg quitosano. La evaluación ambiental mostró que el caso 3 alcanzó el valor más alto para impactos totales de salida (1.23×10+3 PEI/h), seguido por el caso 2, caso 1 y caso base. Se concluyó que la contribución de energía es menor a la del flujo de productos y que el proceso es amigable con el medio ambiente para las categorías de impactos atmosféricos y toxicológicos
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