88 research outputs found
Cricotopus latellai Moubayed-Breil & Ashe 2018, sp. n.
No full text<i>Cricotopus latellai</i> Moubayed-Breil & Ashe, sp. n. <p> <i>http://zoobank.org/ 125F054A-DCD5-4F0A-8AF3-5553C1A32B0A</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined</b></p> <p>Holotype. Italy, Alpi Marittime. Po River Basin, upstream, rapid to moderate rhithral and waterfalls, altitude 1500-1700 m, 44° 42′ 05″ N, 7° 05′ 37″ E, 11.VII.2017; 1 male pharate adult, leg. J. Moubayed-Breil and P. Ashe. Environmental data of water: moderately crystalline, conductivity about 20-30 µS/cm; temperature 8-12 °C.</p> <p>Paratypes. Italy, Alpi Marittime. Adults (5 males, 2 females); pharate adults (2 males, 2 females); pupal exuviae (10 males, 15 females); 3 larvae; same locality and date as for holotype. Continental France, Maritime Alps, Casterino stream, a tributary of the Roya River, alt. 1500-1700 m, 44° 4′ 34″ N, 7° 26′ 18″ E, 22. VI.2016; pupal exuviae (1 male and 2 females); leg. J. Moubayed-Breil. Environmental data of water are: calcareous water, conductivity 95-100 µS/cm; temperature 8-12 °C during late spring and summer.</p> <p>Holotype (on 2 slides, including the male adult and its pupal exuviae) with 1 additional paratype are deposited in the collections of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM), Munich, Germany. Remaining paratypes are deposited in the senior author’s collection. Type material was preserved in 80-85% alcohol, and later mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol. For each adult, the head, thorax and abdomen were cleared in 90% lactic acid then washed in about 60% ethanol before mounting on slides.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters</b></p> <p> Based on similarity of characters found in the male adult and pupal exuviae of the <i>tremulus</i> -group, three species (<i>C. latellai</i> sp. n., <i>C. mantetanus</i> and <i>C. storozhenkoi</i>) are considered to be sister species. However <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. can be easily separated with the following characters:</p> <p> <b>Male adult</b>: palpomere 3 with 2 sensilla coeloconica (tubule-like) placed distally; tergites III-IV with 3 median setae placed distally; laterosternite VIII not lobe-like; inferior volsella consists of a projecting lobe-like, with rounded outer margin gradually bent downwards, posterior area bearing two minute lobes, with a distinct rounded setiferous lobe placed close to its base; crista dorsalis large, tooth-like and orally projecting, apex rounded in dorsal view and pointed in lateral view; <b>Pupal exuviae</b>: thoracic horn foliate to ellipse-like, narrowing distally with pointed to smooth ending apically, toothed, teeth are smooth in general or occasionally weekly pointed; tergite VI with median dorsal field of spines semi-circular to diamond-like; posterior area of sternite VI with a distinct median patch of spines; distal part of anal lobe narrowing, apical rows of small spines extending well above insertion of anal macrosetae; macrosetae short with markedly curved apices.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>: The new species is named ‘ <i>latellai</i> ’ after our colleague Dr. Leonardo Latella, curator of zoology at the Museum of Natural History of Verona (Italy), who is contributing to preserve the biological and ecological quality of water and environment in Verona and surrounding areas.</p> <p> <b>Male adult</b></p> <p>(n = 7: 2 pharate adults + 5 adults; Figs 1-4, 7-11, 13-15)</p> <p> Medium to large sized <i>Cricotopus</i> species. Total length 3.50-4.00 mm. Wing length 2.20-2.40 mm; TL/WL = 1.60-1.70. General colouration contrasting blackish to brownish to yellowish with black mesonotal stripes. Head dark brown, antennae pale brown, thorax brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes distinctly blackish; wing pale to pale brown. Legs mostly yellowish brown to dark brown, only base of femur and base and apex of tibia of PI-PIII blackish. Tergites I-II whitish, tergites III-VIII entirely brownish to blackish, anal segment contrasting brown to dark brown.</p> <p>Head. Eyes hairy, inner eye margin bare. Temporals consist of 8 uniserial setae including 5 inner and 3 verticals. Clypeus trapezoidal to sub-square shaped with 14-16 setae placed in 4 rows. Palp 5-segmented; first and second palpomeres fused; length (µm) of segments 40, 70, 120, 135, 195; palpomere 3 with 2 sensilla coeloconica (tubule-like) inserted in a circular depression placed on distal part (Fig. 1). Antenna 900-930 µm long, 13-segmented; antennal groove beginning on segments 3-4 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; ultimate flagellomere 400-430 µm long, distinctly clubbed and bearing a brush of curved sensilla chaetica apically. AR 0.80-0.85.</p> <p> Thorax. Lobes of antepronotum gaping, with 3 median and 3-4 antepronotals which are slightly indistinct; acrostichals 29-31 uni-biserial, dorsocentrals, 16-18 multiserial and converging medially, prealars 3-4. Scutellum with 10 setae in a single row. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta. Number of setae on veins: R, 3-5; remaining veins bare. Squama with 14-16 setae in a single row. Legs. Tarsomere ta 5 of PI, PII and PIII distinctly shorter than ta 4. Sensilla chaetica densely present on tarsomeres ta 1 to ta 5 of PI, PII and PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of legs (Table 1).</p> <p>Abdomen. Dorsal margin of tergite IX sinuous with a distinct median lobe (Fig. 2); posterior margin broadly bilobed (Figs 3, 7); presence of 17-20 dorsal setae placed in 2 rows (7-8 anteriorly, 10-12 posteriorly). Laterosternite IX with 4 setae (2 on each side), extended vertically and lacking lateral lobe-like expansions on each side. Anal point absent. Sternapodeme and phallapodeme as in Fig. 8, transverse sternapodeme orally produced and arclike; phallapodeme markedly sickle shaped. Distribution pattern of setae on median area of tergites II-V as illustrated (Fig. 4): tergite II (2 setae distally); III-IV (3 setae distally); V (4 setae, 2 anteriorly and 2 distally). Hypopygium in dorsal, ventral and lateral view as in Figs 7-11, 13-15, ventral view (Fig. 8) with tergite IX removed. Gonocoxite 250- 260 µm long, apex rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 7) and distinctly truncate in lateral view (Fig. 13); inferior volsella hyaline, long lobe-like, projecting with rounded outer margin gradually bent downwards, wider at base and broadly narrowing distally to a rounded apex, presence of two minute lobes on posterior part which are clearly visible in lateral view (Fig. 13), presence of 5-6 small setae on dorsal area. Gonostylus (Figs 10-11, 15) 120-130 µm long, narrowing distally to a pointed apex; posterior margin rounded medially in dorsal view (Figs 10-11), distinctly sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 15), anterior margin concave medially with an orally directed triangular projection clearly visible in lateral view (Fig. 15); 2 orally directed strong setae are placed close to the megaseta. Crista dorsalis (Figs 10-11, 15) large, tooth-like and orally projecting, apex rounded in dorsal view (Figs 11- 12) and sharply pointed in lateral view (Fig. 15). Megaseta 18-21 µm long and slender.</p> <p> <b>Female adult</b></p> <p>(n = 3: 2 pharate adults + 1 adult; Figs 17-27)</p> <p>Colouration as in the male adult except for the antennae, which are dark brown to blackish. Segments 1-5 of antenna brown with blackish apex, last flagellomere entirely blackish. Total length (TL) 4.20-4.50 mm. Wing length (WL) 2.20-2.30 µm. TL/WL = 1.85-1.90. Head: eyes hairy; temporal setae 8-9 including 5-6 inner and 3 outer verticals. Clypeus rectangular with 26-28 setae in 4-5 rows. Palp 5-segmented, length (µm) of segments: 40, 55, 50, 55, 125-130; palpomere 3 (Fig. 17) truncate apically and bearing 3 sensilla coeloconica placed distally. Antenna (Figs 18-21) 6-segmented, 365-385 µm long, segments 1 and 2 (Figs 18-19) fused; segments 3-5 together 150 µm long and sub-equal (about 50 µm each), ultimate flagellomere (Figs 20-21) about 120 µm long, moderately clubbed and bearing a distinct small projection placed medially, distal part with 1 preapical seta and a tuft of curved setae including several sensilla chaetica; antennal groove restricted to last flagellomere. AR 0.46. Thorax: chaetotaxy as in the male; wing: distribution of setae on veins as in the male, squama with 11-13 setae in 1 row. Abdomen. Distribution pattern of setae on median area of tergites II-V as illustrated in Fig. 22: tergite II (2 setae distally), III (3 setae distally), IV (5 setae, 2 anteriorly and 3 distally, V (3 setae distally). Genitalia in dorsal and ventral view as illustrated in Figs 23-26. Notum about 100-110 µm long, rami indistinct. Sternite VIII with 22-24 setae (11-12 on each side of the notum). Gonapophysis VIII (Figs 23-25). Dorsomesal lobe uniformly linear; ventrolateral lobe broad and slightly projecting posteriorly; apodeme lobe undulating three times from base to apex. Seminal capsules 100-105 µm maximum length, 70 µm maximum width, sub-oval with narrowed tip and well sclerotized laterally. Spermathecal ducts with loops and separate openings. Tergite IX (Fig. 26) nearly semi-circular and distinctly divided on its posterior part into two large rounded lobes, with 14 setae including 10 placed laterally (5 on each side) and 4 markedly shorter placed medially. Gonocoxite (Fig. 26) broadly globular, bearing 6-7 short setae. Cercus (Fig. 27) normally developed and narrowed distally.</p> <p> <b>Male pupal exuviae</b></p> <p>(n = 15: 7 males, 8 females; Figs 31-36, 39-43)</p> <p> Colouration contrasting brownish to dark brown with blackish cephalothorax. Frontal apotome with dense wrinkles and granulation; cephalothorax brown to dark brown with blackish anteromedian area, densely wrinkled and granulose, granulation and wrinkles strongly covering the anteromedian area including the thoracic suture and Dc 1 -Dc 2 zone, granulose area along the thoracic suture reaching Dc 3 -Dc 4 zone, posteromedian area less granulose, presence of a characteristic transversal posteromedian blackish shading extending between Dc 3 -Dc 4 and base of wing sheath. Base of wing sheath covered with blackish bow-like shading. Abdomen including anal segment brown to dark brown; dark brown apophyses distinctly present on segments I/II-VII; muscles marks distinct on segments I-VIII.</p> <p> Total length 3.60-4.10 mm. Frontal apotome (Fig. 31) distinctly domed with dense granulation, frontal setae bristle-like, inserted on prefrons ventral to antennal sheaths, 45 µm long and separated by only 30 µm. Thorax (Figs 32-36). Antepronotals 3 including 2 median anteporontals (130 and 150 µm long) and 1 lateral antepronotal 60 µm long; 1 prealar 100-110 µm long; precorneals sub-equal (180- 190 µm long); dorsocentrals all seta-like, Dc 1 and Dc 2 sub-equal (110-120 µm long), Dc 3 and Dc 4 40 µm long; distance between Dc 2 to Dc 3 150 µm, Dc 1 is placed close to Dc 2, Dc 3 and Dc 4 close to one another. Thoracic horn (Figs 33-36) foliate to ellipse shaped with narrowing distal part, toothed apically and distally (mainly on one side), teeth are often distinctly blunt apically. Abdomen. Armament and distribution pattern of patches of spines and points, chaetotaxy and lateral setation of abdominal segments as illustrated in Figs 39-43. Distribution of lateral setae on segments I-VIII: I (2), II-VIII (3). Tergite I bare. Transverse posterior margin of tergite II armed with 1-2 rows of orally projecting hooks, which occupy about 80% of segment width. Anteromedian patches of spines present on tergites III-V (Figs 39, 41), laterally extensive and becoming diamond-like to nearly semi-circular on tergite VI (Figs. 39, 41). Posteromedian transverse patches of spines present on tergites III-VI (Figs 39, 41) not interrupted medially, gradually more extensive laterally and almost reaching muscles marks, size of spines mostly similar. Posteromedian transverse rows of orally projecting spines (Figs 39, 41) restricted to tergites III-V, occupying 75 to 80% of segments width. Pedes spurii B absent. Pedes spurii A present on sternites IV-VI. Armament absent on sternites I-VIII; field of shagreen and points present on anteromedian area of sternites III-VI; posterior transverse rows of spinules present on sternites V-VI, occasionally with a distinct median patch of small spines on sternite VI (Figs 39, 43). Apophyses markedly distinct on tergites I/II-VIII (Figs 28, 80). Anal segment (Figs 40, 42) 200-220 µm long and 300 µm maximum width, slightly narrowing distally, apical area with small spines extending well above insertion of anal macrosetae. Macrosetae about 100 µm long, stout, pin-shaped and slightly curved apically. Genital sac (Fig. 42) 180-190 µm long, narrowed apically and overreaching apical margin of anal lobe by 65- 70 µm.</p> <p> <b>Final instar larvae</b></p> <p>(n = 3, Figs 45-49); 2 of the 3 examined larvae were attached to a pharate pupa.</p> <p>Total length 3.90-4.00 mm, maximum width 0.5- 0.6 mm. Colouration contrasting pale greenish to blackish. Head (Fig. 45) blackish with a markedly transparent circular area (clearly visible in lateral view) placed on each side below base of antenna; proximal part of head capsule contrasting brown to dark brown including antennae and epipharyngeal region; mentum totally blackish; anteromedian area of clypeus densely covered with granulation. Thorax, abdomen and anal segment greenish.</p> <p> Head illustrated in lateral view (Fig. 45). Eye spots broadly circular; clypeus (Fig. 46) nearly trapezoidal, densely granulose on lateral parts; frontal apotome (Fig. 46) 370 µm long, with 3 pairs of lateral setae, median and distal setae are setae-like and about 200 µm long, proximal setae are bristle-like and shorter (about 90 µm long). Antenna (Fig. 47) 5-segmented, 95 µm long; basal segment about 55 µm long and 20 µm maximum width, AR 1.35- 1.45; ring organ placed about ¼ distance from base of antenna, accessory blade markedly overreaching fifth segment as in <i>C. storozhenkoi</i> (Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2016, Fig. 27). Mandible (Fig. 45) with 6-7 teeth, apical tooth nearly as long as combined length of two first lateral teeth. Mentum (Figs 45, 48) composed of 1 median large tooth and 5-6 pairs of lateral teeth, apical pair of teeth smooth and domed, first and second lateral teeth distinctly fused at base. Procercus (Fig. 49) bilobed distally with 6 long setae, dorsal seta about 100 µm long.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic position</b></p> <p> <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. can be separated from its morphologically most similar European species <i>C. mantetanus</i> by a combination of characters.</p> <p> In the male adult: median area of tergites III-IV each with 3 distal setae (Fig. 4), while there is 4 setae (2 anterior and 2 posterior) in <i>C. mantetanus</i> (Fig. 6); tergite IX differently shaped in lateral and dorsal view (Figs 2-3) than in <i>C. mantetanus</i> (Fig. 5).</p> <p> In the pupal exuviae: granulation on cephalothorax covering the entire anteromedian area and thoracic suture (Fig. 32), is differently figured in <i>C. mantetanus</i> (Fig. 37); dorsocentrals are all setae-like; thoracic horn foliate to ellipsoidal and narrowed distally (Figs 33-34); posteromedian area of sternites VI with a patch of small spines (Fig. 43).</p> <p> <b>Additional remarks</b></p> <p> According to the previously provided key for known male adults and pupal exuviae from the Tyrrhenian Region (Moubayed-Breil 2016), <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. keys near <i>C. mantetanus</i> and <i>C. storozhenkoi</i> based on the following combination of characters:</p> <p> outer margin of inferior volsella is rounded for <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. and <i>C. storozhenkoi</i>,</p> <p> shape of the thoracic horn for <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. and <i>C. mantetanus</i>, while a nearly similar shape of anal lobe is observed in both <i>C. latellai</i> sp. n. and <i>C. mantetanus</i>.</p> <p> Consequently, the main differentiating morphological features found in the male adults and pupal exuviae of the <i>tremulus</i> -group can be supplemented based on the combination of characters summarized in the following key of known species from the Tyrrhenian Region.</p> <p> <b>Male adults</b></p> <p> 1. Inferior volsella pointing downwards at an acute angle, narrow and finger-like (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 47; Casas & Vilchez-Quero 1992, Figs 1 A-B), outer margin not gradually or abruptly bent downwards...….. <i>C. nevadensis</i> (Spain, Portugal)</p> <p>- Inferior volsella not pointing downwards at an acute angle, not narrow and finger-like, outer margin gradually (Figs 7, 9) or abruptly (Fig. 12) bent downwards ……………..........…………… 2</p> <p> 2. Outer margin of inferior volsella abruptly bent downwards medially at a right angle and with 2 strong dorsal setae on outer edge (Fig. 12; Moubayed-Breil 2016, Figs 6, 8-9) ………………….…….... <i>C. mantetanus</i> (France)</p> <p> - Outer margin of inferior volsella rounded and bent gradually downwards, lacking strong dorsal setae on outer edge (Figs 7, 9; Moubayed-Breil 2016, Figs 43, 45) …….………...................…… 3 3. Gonostylus with large, broad, apicaly rounded, strongly projecting crista dorsalis (Figs 10-11); median area of tergites III-IV each with 3 setae placed distally (Fig. 4).... <i>C. latellai</i> (France, Italy)</p> <p>- Gonostylus not as described above, with small crista dorsalis (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Figs 11, 43); median area of tergites III-IV each with 5 setae (2 proximal, 3 distal) (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 5) or tergites III and IV respectively with 4 setae (1 proximal, 3 distal) and 5 setae (2 proximal, 3 distal) (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 41)..…..………………….………..….….…... 4</p> <p> 4. Gonostylus with rounded posterior margin, crista dorsalis short, tooth-like with rounded apex (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 11); median area of tergites III-IV with 5 dorsal setae (2 proximal, 3 distal) (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 5) ……............….…........... <i>C. tremulus</i> (widespread Holarctic species)</p> <p> - Gonostylus with sinuous posterior margin, crista dorsalis tooth-like with pointed apex (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 43); median area of tergite III with 4 setae (1 proximal, 3 distal) and tergite IV with 5 setae (2 proximal, 3 distal) (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 41)……………… <i>C. royanus</i> (France, Italy)</p> <p> <b>Pupal exuviae</b></p> <p>1. Thoracic horn over three times as long as broad, elongated to lobe-like, densely to weakly toothed distally on one side or entirely smooth; median patch of spines on tergite VI diamond-like or spinning-top-like; anal lobe broadly rounded apically, densely covered with rows of small spines placed near the posterior margin................................... 2</p> <p>- Thoracic horn about twice as long as broad, lobe-like or foliate to ellipse-like, entirely smooth or distinctly toothed distally and apically; median patch of spines on tergite VI rounded or nearly semi-circular; anal lobe narrowing distally (Fig. 42), weakly to moderately covered with small spines (Figs 42, 44) ………................................ 3</p> <p> 2. Granulation on cephalothorax only covering the anterior part of thoracic suture, sparsely covering the anteromedian area; thoracic horn moderately toothed medially, distally and apically on one side; median patch of spines on tergite VI spinning toplike (Moubayed-Breil 2016, Fig. 77) …………… ……...................................................... <i>C. royanus</i></p> <p> - Granulation on cephalothorax sparse and restricted to the anteromedian area close to the thoracic suture; thoracic horn smooth or only toothed apically, occasionally toothed pre-apically on one side; median patch of spines on tergite VI sub-oval to nearly diamond-like …………………….……………… <i>C. nevadensis</i> 3. Granulation on cephalothorax restricted to the anteromedian area located close to the thoracic suture; thoracic horn balloon-like and entirely smooth (Hirvenoja, 1973, Fig. 113.3); …
Chaetocladius berythensis Moubayed & Langton 2019, sp. n.
No full text<i>Chaetocladius berythensis</i> sp. n. <p> <i>http://zoobank.org/ 12387DA9-9A16-45B7-8E4E-06DAA726D9A2</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype. 1 male adult, Lebanon, Mount Sannine, glacial springs and small waterfalls located in the upper stream of the Beirut River, 33° 95’ 00’’ N, 35° 88’ 00’’ E, altitude 1800- 2000 m a.s.l., 05.VIII.2005, leg. J. Moubayed. Water calcareous, conductivity about 320 µS/cm; temperature 8-10 °C during summer, about 4-6 °C in winter and spring.</p> <p>Paratype Lebanon. 1 male adult, leg. J. Moubayed-Breil. Same locality and date as for holotype.</p> <p>Holotype (male adult, mounted on 1 slide) is deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Paratype is deposited in the collection of the senior author.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The new species is named ‘ <i>berythensis</i> ’ after the name in Greek ‘ <i>Berythus</i> ’, which has given the name to the river Beirut.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters</b></p> <p> Based on the unusual shape of both virga and inferior volsella <i>C. berythensis</i> sp. n. keys to the <i>laminatus</i> -group as emended in Moubayed-Breil (2017). However, the new species can be separated from other related <i>Chaetocladius</i> species by the following combination of characters. Clypeus broadly cup-shaped with semi-circular median lobe distally, with 14 setae in 4 rows; palpomere 3 with 5 sensilla clavata and 11-12 short and truncate atypical sensilla coeloconica. Lobes of antepronotum widely gaping and parallel-sided medially; humeral pit ellipsoid without contrasting spots. Tergite IX with a truncate hump medially, clearly seen in lateral view; anal point triangular and sharply pointed. Virga consists of 3 separate parts including a median part (bearing 4 small equal spines) and 2 lateral symmetrically elongated parts (each with 1 orally directed claw medially). Gonocoxite rounded apically; inferior volsella large marsupial pouch-like lobe, bearing a contrasting protuberance proximally. Gonostylus massive, nearly rectangular, markedly projecting posteriorly at a rounded bare and hyaline apex; anterior margin sinuous, bearing 6-7 long setae; both dorsal and ventral median area with a distinct curved row of short spines reaching the base of megaseta. Crista dorsalis moderately to well-developed occupying about the length of the gonostylus, clearly visible in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; consisting of a series of smooth lobes which are lower proximally and terminates in a larger tooth located close to the megaseta.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <b>Male adult</b></p> <p>(n = 2 male; Figs 1 A-N, 2A-C; associated material unknown)</p> <p>Large. Total length 4.00- 4.10 mm. Wing length 2.35-2.40 mm, TL/WL = 1.70. General colouration contrasting brown to blackish. Head dark brown; antennae pale brown; thorax contrasting brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes blackish; wing pale; legs brown to dark brown; tergites I-VII brownish, tergite VIII and anal segment dark brown.</p> <p> Head. Eyes bare between ommatidia, hairs absent on inner lateral eye margin, outer posterior margin with a few short setae. 12 temporals including 7 inner (uniserial), 3 outer verticals and 2 postorbitals. Coronal area (Fig. 1A) with a distinct median tubercle. Palp 5-segmented, first and second segments are fused and unequal, segments 3 and 4 subequal; length (µm) of palpomeres: 18, 45, 145, 147, 235; palpomere 3 (Figs 1 B-C) with 5 sensilla clavata and 11-12 unusually short and truncate atypical sensilla coeloconica. Clypeus (Fig. 1D) about 115 µm maximum height and 140 maximum width, broadly cup-shaped with median semi-circular lobe distally, with 14 setae in 4 rows. Antenna 1100-1130 µm long, 13-segmented; ultimate flagellomere 675 µm long, distinctly clubbed distally and bearing a dense brush of curved sensilla chaetica apically, pre-apical seta absent; antennal groove beginning on segments 3-4 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; AR 1.80. Thorax. Lobes of antepronotum (Fig. 1E), distinctly gaping and moderately thick medially, ventral part with 6 lateral antepronotals placed near the lower margin; humeral pit (Fig. 1F) ovoid and lacking contrasting spots; 23 short acrostichals located about 110 µm from antepronotum; dorsocentrals 14 in 1-2 rows; prealars 5 in 1 row; humeral pit ovoid to semi-circular, contrasting whitish to brown and lacking spots. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation; number of setae on veins: R, 0; R 1, 17; R 2+3, 1; remaining veins bare; squama with 14-15 setae in 1 row. Legs. Tarsomeres ta 4 of PI and PII equal in length (185 µm) as well for ta 5 of PI and PIII (140 µm); tibial spur of PI spiniform. Length (µm) of tibial spurs of: PI, 65; PII, 35 and 25; PIII, 70 and 30; longest seta of tibial comb 50 µm long. A few sensilla chaetica present (proximally and distally) on tibiae and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI-PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of prothoracic (PI), mesothoracic (PII) and metathoracic (PIII) legs as in Table 1.</p> <p>Hypopygium in dorsal view (Fig. 1I), ventral view with tergite IX and anal point omitted as in Fig. 1J. Tergite IX broadly semi-circular, with a distinct dorsal truncate hump medially which is visible when tergite IX is viewed laterally (Figs 1 G-H), dorsal setae (Figs 1I, 2A) include 15 located on the antero-median part and 18-20 postero-medially close to the posterior margin (9-10, in 2 curved rows placed on each side of the base of anal point). Anal point (Figs 1 G-H, 1I, 2A) 55-60 µm long, 35- 40 µm maximum width at base, triangular, sharply pointed apically and markedly wider at base, with bare and hyaline apex; 8-9 setae present both dorsally and laterally on anal point base. Latero-sternite IX with 10-11 setae inserted laterally (5-6 on each side). Sternapodeme and phallapodeme Fig. 1J, phallapodeme sickle-shaped anteriorly. Virga (Fig. 1I) consists of 3 separate parts which include: a median part with 4 small sub-equal teeth, 2 lateral parts which are elongated and bear 1 median claw-like projection orally directed. Gonocoxite (Figs 1 I-J, 1L) 160 µm long and 125 µm maximum width, rounded apically, ventral margin slightly swollen basally, with 9 stout setae; inferior volsella in dorsal (Figs 1I, K) and lateral view (Fig. 1L) with a wide marsupial pouch-like lobe, and apical contrasting protuberance located proximally. Gonostylus (Figs 1M, dorsal; 1N, lateral; 2B, ventral) 110 µm long and 65-70 µm maximum width, massively rectangular, markedly projecting posteriorly at a rounded bare and hyaline apex; anterior margin sinuous, bearing 6-7 long setae; dorsal and ventral median area with a distinct curved row of short spines reaching the base of the megaseta. Crista dorsalis moderately developed occupying nearly the length of the gonostylus, clearly visible in dorsal, ventral and lateral view, of a series of smooth lobes, which are lower proximally and ending with a larger distal tooth located close to the megaseta.</p>Published as part of <i>Moubayed, Joel & Langton, Peter H, 2019, CHAETOCLADIUS BERYTHENSIS SP. N., C. CALLAUENSIS SP. N., C. GUARDIOLEI SP. N. AND C. PARERAI SP. N., FOUR RELICT SPECIES INHABITING GLACIAL SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN EASTERN PYRENEES AND LEBANON (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 42-59 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 32 (32)</i> on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i32.3000, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7987367">http://zenodo.org/record/7987367</a>
Chaetocladius guardiolei Moubayed & Langton 2019, sp. n.
No full text<i>Chaetocladius guardiolei</i> sp. n. <p> <i>http://zoobank.org/ 1792C721-E5BC-464D-AAA1- 70637DA544E1</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype. 1 male adult, France, eastern Pyrenees, Prats-De-Mollo Nature Reserve, upper basin of the Tech River, altitude 1800-2000 m a.s.l., 05.VI.2000, leg. J. Moubayed. Water siliceous, conductivity 40-50 µS/cm; pH 5.3-5.5; temperature 6-12 °C.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1 male adult, as holotype except upper basin of Mantet River, Callau glacial springs and peat bogs, 05.08.2008; 2 tentatively associated male pupal exuviae, same locality and date as for holotype.</p> <p>Holotype (male adult, on 1 slide) is deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. The paratypes is deposited in the collection of the senior author.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is named ‘ <i>guardiolei</i> ’ in honour to Olivier Guardiole, who is still active as an ‘Assistant-Curator’ at Prats-De-Mollo Nature Reserve (Eastern Pyrenees) in contributing to preserving the aquatic environment and species confined to the preserved area.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters</b></p> <p> Based on the shape of the inferior volsella <i>C. guardiolei</i> sp. n. appears to key close to the following species: <i>C</i>. <i>suecicus</i> (Kieffer, 1916), <i>C</i>. <i>longivirgatus</i> Stur & Spies, 2011 and <i>C</i>. <i>subalpinus</i> Rossaro, Magoga & Montagna, 2017. However, this new species can be distinguished from related members of Chaetocladius species in having: clypeus circular; lobes of antepronotum well gaping, distinctly thicker medially; humeral pit ellipsoidal, bearing contrasting brownish granulation; tergite IX with a rounded dorsal hump; anal point triangular and sharply pointed apically, basal part cup-shaped with well-sclerotized lateral margin; virga well-developed, consisting of several long fine spines; inferior volsella well-developed, composed of 2 contrasting parts including a long finger-like expansion and a semi-circular small pouch-like lobe; gonostylus slender and thinner proximally, becoming bulbous distally; crista dorsalis absent; megaseta well-developed.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <b>Male adult</b></p> <p>(n = 2; Figs 4 A-J)</p> <p>Large. Total length 4.00- 4.10 mm. Wing length 2.35-2.45 mm; TL/WL 1.70. General colouration dark brown to blackish. Head and antenna dark brown; thorax contrasting dark brown to blackish, mesonotal stripes blackish; humeral pit brownish with contrasting dark spots; legs dark brown; membrane of wing pale brown, veins and squamal area dark brown; tergites I-VIII brownish, anal segment dark brown.</p> <p> Head. Eyes bare between ommatidia; temporals of 10 inner verticals, outer verticals absent; palpomere 3 (Fig. 4A) with 4 sensilla clavata and 4 sensilla coeloconica; clypeus (Fig. 4B) nearly circular, with 7 setae in 3 rows. Antenna 1000 µm long; last flagellomere 560 µm long, slightly clubbed distally, narrowing apically with numerous curved sensilla chaetica, pre-apical seta absent; antennal groove beginning on segment 3 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; AR 1.27. Thorax. Anteprontum (Fig. 4C) well-developed, lobes distinctly gaping and wider medially, with 6 lateral antepronotals; acrostichals 23-25 in 1-2 rows; dorsocentrals 14- 15 in 1-2 rows; prealars 6 in 1 row; humeral pit (Figs 4 D-E) ellipsoid, with contrasting dark spots. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation; number of setae on veins: R, 12; R 1, 1; remaining veins bare; squama with 9 setae in 1 row. Legs. Tarsomeres ta 4 and ta 5 of PII sub-equal; sensilla chaetica present on: tibia and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI, tibia and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 4 of PII-PIII.</p> <p>Hypopygium. Tergite IX and anal point (dorsal) with sternapodeme and phallapodeme as in Fig. 4F; tergite IX broadly trapezoidal, wider at base with rectangular distal half; 16-18 dorsal setae including 10-11 located laterally on each side of the base of anal point and 6-7 close to the base of anal point; dorsal hump semi-circular, clearly visible in lateral view (Fig. 4G). Anal point in dorsal (Fig. 4F) and lateral view (Fig. 4G) 85 µm long, 40-45 µm maximum width at base, cup-shaped at base, distal half triangular and sharply pointed apically, lateral margin of basal part well-sclerotized, distal part (about 35 µm long) bare and hyaline; 6-7 setae present on both dorsal and lateral sides. Latero-sternite IX with 10-11 setae inserted laterally (5-6 on each side). Sternapodeme and phallapodeme (Fig. 4F), phallapodeme distinctly wider anteriorly. Virga (Figs 4F, I) well-developed, consists of 6-7 long spines about 30-40 µm long. Gonocoxite swollen basally and rounded apically; ventral margin bearing a weakly elongated lobe and 10 stout setae. Inferior volsella (Fig. 4H) well-developed, composed of a triangular lobe which ends in a finger-like hyaline and bare expansion; distal lobe small pouch-like, densely covered with setae. Gonostylus in dorsolateral view as in Fig. 4J, slender, thinner proximally, becoming bulbous and thicker in its distal half, posterior margin distinctly rounded; anteriorly with 2-3 rows of setae; crista dorsalis absent; megaseta about 18 µm long, well-developed.</p>Published as part of <i>Moubayed, Joel & Langton, Peter H, 2019, CHAETOCLADIUS BERYTHENSIS SP. N., C. CALLAUENSIS SP. N., C. GUARDIOLEI SP. N. AND C. PARERAI SP. N., FOUR RELICT SPECIES INHABITING GLACIAL SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN EASTERN PYRENEES AND LEBANON (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 42-59 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 32 (32)</i> on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i32.3000, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7987367">http://zenodo.org/record/7987367</a>
Chaetocladius callauensis Moubayed & Langton 2019, sp. n.
No full text<i>Chaetocladius callauensis</i> sp. n. <p> <i>http://zoobank.org/ 8A3665D5-6D2A-461E-AC81- AC15EFAA376C</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype. 1 male adult, France, eastern Pyrenees, Mantet Nature Reserve, upper basin of the River Mantet, Ressec glacial stream, Callau acid helocrenes springs and peat bogs, 42° 28’ 38’’ N, 02° 18’ 26’’ E, altitude 2000- 2300 m a.s.l., 05.VIII.2010, leg. J. Moubayed. Water crystalline, conductivity 30-40 µS/cm, pH 5.5- 5.7; temperature 8-10 °C, during summer, about 3-5 °C in winter and spring.</p> <p>Paratypes. 3 tentatively associated pupal exuviae (2 males and 1 female), same locality and date as for holotype; 1 male adult, 2 tentatively associated male pupal exuviae, Font des Soques glacial spring and stream at Mantet Nature Reserve. 1 male adult and 1 male pharate adult, alt. 2000- 2100 m, 05.08.2010, leg. J. Moubayed-Breil. Water crystalline, conductivity 20-30 µS/cm, pH 5.5- 5.7; temperature 8-10 °C during summer period.</p> <p>Holotype (male adult mounted on 1 slide) is deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Paratypes are deposited in the senior author’s collection.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is named ‘ <i>callauensis</i> ’ after the protected glacial helocrene springs and peat bogs area of Mantet Nature Reserve, which is located at high altitude (2000-2300 m) in the Eastern Pyrenees (SW-France) where the type material was collected.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters</b></p> <p> Based on the atypical shape of the inferior volsella <i>C. callauensis</i> sp. n. appears to belong to a separate group within the genus <i>Chaetocladius</i>. However, this new species is also distinguished from other known <i>Chaetocladius</i> species in having: semi-circular clypeus with 2 distal margins; lobes of antepronotum not gaping, distinctly thinner and parallel-sided medially; humeral pit ellipsoidal, surrounded by dense contrasting brownish granulation; tergite IX without dorsal hump; virga weakly-developed, consisting of 2 sinuous fine spines; gonocoxite rounded apically, ventral margin with 2 broad lobes; inferior volsella composed of 2 sub-equal parts, proximal one rectangular, consisting of a contrasting smooth lobe which is hyaline and bare, distal one rounded and densely covered with setae; gonostylus slender, thinner proximally, bulbous and thicker in its distal half, posterior margin rounded; crista dorsalis wide, lower proximally, becoming higher and more conspicuous close to the megaseta.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <b>Male adult</b></p> <p>(n = 3; Figs 2 D-G, 3A-G)</p> <p>Large. Total length 3.90-4.00 mm. Wing length 2.70-2.75 mm; TL/WL 1.07. General colouration brown to dark brown. Head and antennae brown; thorax contrasting brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes distinctly dark brown, humeral pit brownish with contrasting granulation; wing pale; legs brown; tergites I-VIII brownish, anal segment brown to dark brown.</p> <p> Head. Eyes bare between ommatidia, hairs absent on inner lateral eye margin, a few short setae present on outer posterior margin. Temporals consist of 11 setae including 9 inner and 2 outer verticals; palpomere 3 (Fig. 2D) with 3 sensilla clavata and 4 sensilla coeloconica; clypeus (Fig. 2E) 115 µm long, and 210 µm maximum width, semi-circular, bearing 18 setae in 4-5 rows. Antenna 1100 µm long; last flagellomere 565 µm long, clubbed distally, covered with a dense brush of curved sensilla chaetica apically, pre-apical seta absent; antennal groove beginning on segment 2 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; AR 1.06. Thorax. Anteprontum (Fig. 2F), lobes weakly-developed at base and not gaping, distinctly thinner and parallel-sided medially, with 6 lateral antepronotals; acrostichals 16- 17; dorsocentrals 12-13; prealars 4-5; humeral pit (Fig. 2G) ellipsoid, surrounded by dense contrasting granulation. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation; number of setae on veins: R, 7; R 1, 10; remaining veins bare; squama with 19-23 setae in 1 row. Legs. Tibial spur of PI spiniform. Length (µm) of tibial spurs of: PI, 65; PII, 35 and 20; PIII, 70 and 30; longest seta of tibial comb 50 µm long. Sensilla chaetica few (proximally and distally) on tibia and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI-PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of prothoracic (PI), mesothoracic (PII) and metathoracic (PIII) legs as in Table 2.</p> <p> Hypopygium as in dorsal (Fig. 3A) and lateral view (Fig. 3F), ventral view with tergite IX and anal point omitted as in Fig. 3 B. Tergite IX broadly semi-circular, wider at base and narrowing posteriorly up to its 1/4 th distal part; dorsal setae 26-28 include 10-12 located above the base of anal point and 14-16 close to the posterior margin (located in in 2 curved rows and placed on each side of the base of anal point); dorsal hump absent (Fig. 3G). Anal point in dorsal (Figs 3A, C) and lateral view (Fig. 3G) 75 µm long, about 135 µm maximum width at base, markedly wider at base, parallel-sided in its distal part and rounded apically, bare and hyaline part about 25 µm long; 8-9 setae are present both dorsally and laterally. Latero-sternite IX with 11 setae inserted laterally (5-6 on each side). Sternapodeme and phallapodeme (Fig. 3B), phallapodeme distinctly wider anteriorly. Virga (Fig. 3A) weakly-developed, consists of 2 sinuous spines about 25 µm long. Gonocoxite (Figs 3 A-B, F) 300-330 µm long and 125 µm maximum width, rounded apically, ventral margin bi-lobed, with 10 stout setae; inferior volsella in dorsal (Fig. 3A) and lateral view (Fig. 3F) well-developed, composed of 2 sub-equal lobes, proximal one rectangular and contrasting, smooth on its inner part which is hyaline and bare, distal lobe densely covered with short setae. Gonostylus at acute angle (Fig. 3D) and at right angle (Fig. 3E) 155 µm long and 40 µm maximum width, slender, thinner proximally, becoming bulbous and thicker in its distal half, posterior margin rounded; megaseta about 12 µm long; crista dorsalis extending from proximal part of gonostylus to the megaseta, a wide lobe proximally, becoming higher and more conspicuous in its distal half close to the megaseta.</p>Published as part of <i>Moubayed, Joel & Langton, Peter H, 2019, CHAETOCLADIUS BERYTHENSIS SP. N., C. CALLAUENSIS SP. N., C. GUARDIOLEI SP. N. AND C. PARERAI SP. N., FOUR RELICT SPECIES INHABITING GLACIAL SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN EASTERN PYRENEES AND LEBANON (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 42-59 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 32 (32)</i> on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i32.3000, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7987367">http://zenodo.org/record/7987367</a>
Chaetocladius parerai Moubayed & Langton 2019, sp. n.
No full text<i>Chaetocladius parerai</i> sp. n. <p> <i>http://zoobank.org/ 7D2E5D1E-12A5-47E6-8877- C095BCEFF523</i></p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype. 1 male adult, France, eastern Pyrenees, Mantet Nature Reserve, Soques glacial springs and stream, 42° 28’ 38’’ N, 02° 18’ 26’’ E, altitude 2000 m a.s.l., 05.VIII.2008 leg. J. Moubayed. Water crystalline, conductivity 30-40 µS/cm, pH 5.5-5.7; temperature 8-10 °C, during summer, about 3-5 °C in winter and spring.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1 male adult, same locality as for holotype; 3 tentatively associated male pupal exuviae, same locality and date as for holotype.</p> <p>Holotype (male adult mounted on 1 slide) is deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Paratypes are deposited in the senior author’s collection.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is named ‘ <i>parerai</i> ’ in honour to Josep Parera, who is still active as an ‘Assistant-Curator’ at the Mantet-Py Nature Reserve (Eastern Pyrenees) in contributing to preserving the aquatic environment and species confined to the preserved area.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic characters</b></p> <p> <i>C. parerai</i> sp. n. keys close to <i>C</i>. <i>guardiolei</i> sp. n. based, in particular, on a similarly shaped inferior volsella. However, this new species is easily separated in having: lobes of antepronotum thinner at apex and gaping; humeral pit ovoid with contrasting brown granulation; tergite IX with a weakly rounded dorsal hump; anal point triangular, wider at base and parallel-sided distally, with rounded apex; virga well-developed, consists of 5 curved fine spines; inferior volsella well-developed and distinctly-contrasting, basal part long finger-like, bent downwards, caudal part a large semi-circular lobe densely covered with short setae; gonostylus slender, thin proximally, becoming much thicker distally, posterior margin with a small rounded and bare apical expansion; crista dorsalis absent; megaseta well-developed.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <b>Male adult</b></p> <p>(n = 1, Figs 5 A-F)</p> <p> Small to medium sized <i>Chaetocladius</i> species. Total length 3.75 mm. Wing length 2.45 mm; TL/ WL 1.53. General colouration contrasting brown yellowish to brown. Head brownish; antennae pale brown; thorax contrasting brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes distinctly dark brown, humeral pit brownish with contrasting granulation; wing pale; legs yellow to yellowish brown; tergites I-VIII brownish, anal segment contrasting brown to dark brown.</p> <p> Head. Eyes bare between ommatidia, hairs absent on inner lateral eye margin, few short setae present on outer posterior margin. 12 temporals including 9 inner and 3 outer verticals; palpomere 3 with 3 sensilla clavata and 4 sensilla coeloconica; clypeus semi-circular, bearing 12 setae in 4 rows. Antenna 1050 µm long; last flagellomere 570 µm long, slightly clubbed distally, with numerous curved sensilla chaetica, pre-apical seta absent; antennal groove beginning on segment 3 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; AR 1.19. Thorax. Anteprontum weakly-developed, lobes gaping and thinner at apex, with 6 lateral antepronotals; acrostichals 19 in 1 row; dorsocentrals 10 in 1 row; prealars in 1 row; humeral pit ovoid, with contrasting brown granulation. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation; number of setae on veins: R, 18; R 1, 0; R 2+3, 1; remaining veins bare; squama with 11 setae in 1 row. Legs. Tarsomeres ta 4 and ta 5 of PII sub-equal; sensilla chaetica present on: tibia and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI, tibia and tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PII-PIII.</p> <p>Hypopygium in dorsal view as in Fig. 5C, ventral view (Fig. 5D) with tergite IX and anal point omitted. Tergite IX broadly rectangular, wider at base and slightly narrowing distally, posterior margin nearly straight; postero-median area with about 18 dorsal setae located around the base of anal point, 10 are inserted medially and 8 close to basal margins of anal point (4 setae on each side). Anal point in dorsal (Fig. 5C) and lateral view (Fig. 5A) about 85 µm long and 145 µm maximum width at base, with a low dorsal hump; nearly cup-shaped basally, wider at base and almost parallel-sided in its distal part, apex rounded, bare and hyaline part about 45 µm long. Latero-sternite IX with 12 setae inserted laterally (6 on each side). Sternapodeme and phallapodeme (Fig. 5D), phallapodeme nearly sickle-shaped. Virga (Fig. 5C) well-developed, consists of 5 curved spines. Gonocoxite with straight margin basally, apical part distinctly truncate; ventral margin with broad undulated lobes and bearing 10 stout setae. Inferior volsella (Figs 5C, F) well-developed and distinctly contrasting; anterior area acute triangular, apical part digitiform to long finger-shaped, markedly bent downwards and covered with short setae; caudal part consists of a semi-circular pouch-like lobe, densely covered with setae. Gonostylus in dorsal view (Fig. 5E) slender and thinner proximally, becoming thicker in its distal half; posterior margin rounded, ending with a distinct bare and rounded expansion; anterior side bearing 2 rows of setae; crista dorsalis absent; megaseta well-developed, about 15 µm long;</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic remarks</b></p> <p> On the basis of some unusual morphological characters found in the male adult, <i>C. berythensis</i> sp. n. keys to the <i>laminatus</i> -group as emended by Moubayed-Breil (2017) for known <i>Chaetocladius</i> species from Europe and neighbouring geographical areas. <i>Chaetocladius callauensis</i> likely belong to a separate group on the basis of the atypical shape of its anal point and inferior volsella, while <i>C. guardiolei</i> sp. n. and <i>C. parerai</i> sp. n. appear to belong to the <i>suecicus</i> -group based, in particular due to the shape of their inferior volsella and gonostylus.</p>Published as part of <i>Moubayed, Joel & Langton, Peter H, 2019, CHAETOCLADIUS BERYTHENSIS SP. N., C. CALLAUENSIS SP. N., C. GUARDIOLEI SP. N. AND C. PARERAI SP. N., FOUR RELICT SPECIES INHABITING GLACIAL SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN EASTERN PYRENEES AND LEBANON (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 42-59 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 32 (32)</i> on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i32.3000, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7987367">http://zenodo.org/record/7987367</a>
Pseudorthocladius immezensis Moubayed-Breil & Lods-Crozet 2021, sp. n.
No full textPseudorthocladius immezensis sp. n. http://zoobank.org/51951519-569F-44D8-B0F0- 0DB2370A1D21 Material examined. Holotype, Switzerland. 1 male adult, Malaise trap, leg. B. Lods-Crozet. Macun cirque, streamlet and rheocrenes, left shore of Immez Lake (46°43’39.678’’ N, 10°07’55.764’’E); alt. 2616 m a.s.l., 27.VII.2013. Environmental data from inlet of Immez Lake (after Lods-Crozet et al. 2012): crystalline water, conductivity 5.9 µS/cm; temperature (min-max, 3.9-19.5 °C; mean, 11.6 °C), pH 6.7. Paratype. 1 male adult, leg. B. Lods-Crozet, same date and locality as for holotype. Holotype (mounted on 1 slide; GBIFCH 00597051) is deposited in the collections of the ‘Musée cantonal de Zoologie, Palais de Rumine, 6 place de la Riponne, CH-1014 Lausanne (MZL), Switzerland. Paratypes, Switzerland. 1 male adult, mounted on 1 slide, is deposited in the collection of the senior author. Etymology. The name ‘ immezensis ’ refers to the Immez Lake basin where the type-material was collected. Diagnostic characters P. immezensis sp. n. can easily be distinguished from other related species by the following combination of characters. Head. Base and median part of coronal suture with atypical lateral and median extensions; temporal setae 10-11; antenna 1280 µm long, last flagellomere about 300 µm long, apical seta absent, AR 0.30. Sensilla coeloconica absent on palpomere 3. Clypeus sub-trapezoidal, with 8 setae. Thorax. Lobes of antepronotum in contact; humeral pit half ellipse-like. Wing. Distal half of membrane densely covered with macrotrichia (hairy cells are: r 4+5, m 1+2, m 3+4; cells cu and an bare); squama with 5 setae. Legs. Sensilla chaetica present on tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI-PIII. Abdomen. Tergite IX broad basally, narrowed distally. Anal point markedly enlarged at base, with 17 setae mostly located close to the lateral margin. Virga with 4 spines. Gonocoxite truncate in its inner apical margin. Superior volsella, large lobe-like. Inferior volsella double: dorsal lobe nose-like with smooth inner margin; ventral lobe low. Gonostylus without posterior projection, caudal margin rounded; crista dorsalis absent. Description Adult male (n = 2; Figs 1A, D, G-H, J, I, M; 2A-H) Small to medium sized species. Total length (TL) 2.25 mm, wing length (WL) 1.35 mm; TL/WL = 1.67 (n =1). General colouration is ranging from pale brown to dark brown; head, thorax and antenna brown; thorax brown with dark brown mesonotal stripes; legs uniformly brown; abdomen and anal segment brown. Head (n =2). (Fig. 1A). Eyes bare, midline of the frontal area slightly concave, frontal tubercles low; base and median part of coronal suture with outwards and inwards extensions; coronal setae present; temporal setae 10-11 including 8-9 inner and 2 outer verticals, postorbitals absent. Palp 5-segmented, length (in µm) of segments: 15, 30, 45, 48, 55; segments 1-2 fused, segment 2 bulbous; palpomere 3 (Fig. 1D) with 3 sensilla clavata, sensilla coeloconica absent. Clypeus (Fig. 1G) subtrapezoidal, with 8 setae in 2 rows. Antenna 1280 µm long, last flagellomere about 300 µm long, apex distinctly clubbed, apical seta absent, antennal groove reaching segment 3, AR 0.30. Thorax. Lobes of antepronotum (Fig. 1H) thinner basally and not gaping, lateral antepronotals 5, located apically; acrostichals 9 in 1-2 rows, starting at some distance from antepronotum; dorsocentrals 9 in 1-2 rows; prealars 4 in 1 row; supraalars absent; humeral area (Fig. 1I) with contrasting brownish granulation, humeral pit half ellipse-like, parapsidal fork composed of micro-granulation; scutellum (Fig. 1J) broad, heart-like with 6 thin setae in 1 row. Wing (n = 2). (Fig. 1M). Brachiolum with 1 seta; subcosta reaching the fork of radius, distribution of setae on veins: R, 16-17; R 1, 11-12; remaining veins bare; costal extension about 25-30 µm; distal half of membrane densely covered by macrotrichia which are clearly visible at 125-200X; hairy cells are: r 4+5 (150-160), m 1+2 (80-85), m 3+4 (about 40); cells cu and an bare; squama with 5 setae. Legs (n = 1). Femur of PI and PIII nearly subequal (520 and 530 µm long); length (in µm) of tibial spurs: PI, 40; PII, 35 and 40; PIII, 30 and 45; longest seta of tibial comb 35 µm long. Sensilla chaetica present only on apical part of tibia of PI-PII, are more abundant on tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5. Length (in µm) and proportions of prothoracic (PI), mesothoracic (PII) and metathoracic (PIII) legs as in table 1. Abdomen. Hypopygium (n = 2) in dorsal and ventral view as in Figs 2 A-B. Tergite IX (Figs 2A, E) about 135-140 µm maximum width at base, occupying the entire width of segment IX, large cuplike basally, distal part subtriangular and extremely narrowing; dorsal side linear and lacking hump as shown in lateral view (Fig. 2E); setae absent on median and posterior area. Anal point (Figs 2A, E) with a characteristic enlarged base, distal part distinctly subtriangular (clearly visible in lateral view, Fig. 2E), presence of 17 setae (12 located close to the lateral margin and 5 on dorsomedian area). Laterosternite IX with 12-14 setae (6-7 on each side). Sternapodeme and phallapodeme as in Fig. 2B, transverse sternapodeme semi-circular and orally projecting, lateral expansion well developed; phallapodeme sinuous, thicker in its median part. Virga (Figs 2A, D) composed of 4 spines including 3 long and 1 short (located at base). Gonocoxite (Figs 2 A-B, F) 155 µm long, 65 µm maximum width, apical part 25-30 µm wide, inner apical margin truncate. Superior volsella (Figs 2C, F) well-developed, large lobe-like as illustrated in dorsal (Fig. 2A) and lateral view (Fig. 2F). Inferior volsella (Figs 2A, C, E) about 40-45 µm long, 25 µm maximum width, consists of double lobes: dorsal one nose-like with smooth inner margin, apex distinctly bent downwards, median area with a distinct cluster of short setae; ventral one low triangular lobe. Gonostylus (Figs 2A, G-H) 70 µm long, 20 µm maximum width, without posterior projection, posterior margin rounded bearing a distinct notch distally clearly visible when viewed at acute and right angle; crista dorsalis absent. HR = 2.22. HV = 3.22. Female adult, pupal exuvia and larva: unknown. Differential diagnosis Morphological differences between P. immezensis sp. n. and morphologically similar congeners (namely P. cristagus; P. curtistylus; P. filiformis; P. pilosipennis) are highlighted in the following differential diagnosis. Adults of P. immezensis has a head with low frontal tubercles and atypical outward and inward extensions of the coronal suture (Fig. 1A), different from what is observed in P. curtistylus (Fig. 1B) and P. sp. 1 (Fig. 1C) which belongs to an unnamed species known from the Mutt stream (upper Rhone basin, Switzerland, alt. 2100 m); sensilla coeloconica absent on palpomere 3 (Fig. 1D), present in P. curtistylus (Figs 1 E-F); low antennal ratio (AR 0.30) compared to what is observed in P. curtistylus (0.84) and P. cristagus (about 1.40) (Saether and Sublette 1983, Stur and Saether 2004); humeral pit formed like a half ellipse (Fig. 1I), absent in P. curtistylus (Fig. 1K); scutellum large heart-like, with 6 similar thin setae (Fig. 1J), is horizontal diamond-like and bearing 2 stronger (occasionally 4) median setae in P. curtistylus and P. filiformis (Fig. 1L); distal half of wing densely haired (Fig. 1M), different from wings of P. curtistylus (Saether and Sublette 1983, Figs 27C-D), P. cristagus (Stur and Saether 2004, Fig. 1) and P. pilosipennis (Saether and Sublette 1983, Fig. 26C); cells cu and an bare, while both are setose in P. cristagus and P. pilosipennis; basal part of anal point distinctly enlarged (Figs 2A, E), different from that of P. curtistylus (Fig. 2I), P. cristagus (Stur and Saether 2004, Fig. 2) and P. pilosipennis (Saether and Sublette 1983, Fig. 26D); virga with 4 spines (Figs 2A, D), is absent in P. cristagus and P. pilosipennis (Stur and Saether 2004; Saether and Sublette 1983); inferior volsella nose-like, bent downwards apically, with a distinct cluster of short setae on median area (Figs 2A, C), inferior volsella is bulbous in P. cristagus (Stur and Saether 2004, Fig. 2) or large lobe-like in P. pilosipennis (Saether and Sublette 1983, Fig. 26D); posterior margin of gonostylus rounded and bearing a notch distally (Figs 2A, G-H), gonostylus is linearly elongate and bearing a prominent outer heel in P. cristagus (Stur and Saether 2004, Fig. 3); crista dorsalis absent (Figs 2A, G-H), is large, tooth-like in P. cristagus (Stur and Saether 2004, Fig. 3). It is not feasible to provide a key to known male adult Pseudorthocladius from Europe until sufficient material of all species has been examined and compared. Ecology and geographical distribution Only one, not associated larva of the genus Pseudorthocladius was collected in the inflow area of Lake Immez, where bryocolous and hygropetric habitats seem to represent the most favourable aquatic microhabitat for the larval populations. The new species likely belongs to the crenophilous community of species as documented by Lindegaard (1995) as no Pseudorthocladius larvae were found during extensive sampling in the lake Immez and other small lakes in the area (Lods-Crozet unpublished data; Lods-Crozet et al. 2012). Such pristine lotic habitats are considered to be microrefugia and hotspots of diversity and therefore deserve much greater consideration, protection and preservation. Geographical distribution of the new species is currently restricted to the Alpine Swiss glacial catchments including streams and lakes delimited by the Macun cirque (Swiss National Park, eastern Swiss Alps, alt. 2616 m, Fig. 3), but P. immezensis sp. n. can be expected to occur in other similar mountainous areas situated in Switzerland and neighbouring countries (Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Poland). Chironomid species encountered in the same area, and listed by Lods-Crozet et al. (2012), Lods-Crozet (2014, unpublished data, report to the scientific commission of the Swiss National Park) and Moubayed and Lods-Crozet (2018) include: Zavrelimyia melanura (Meigen, 1804); Diamesa bertrami Edwards, 1935; D. cinerella Meigen, 1835; D. nowickiana Kownacki & Kownacka, 1975; D. vaillanti Serra-Tosio, 1972; Protanypus caudatus Edwards, 1924; Pseudodiamesa branickii (Nowicki 1873); Pseudodiamesa nivosa (Goetghebuer, 1928); Pseudokiefferiella parva (Edwards, 1932); Chaetocladius castellai Moubayed-Breil, 2018; C. macunensis Moubayed-Breil, 2018; C. longivirgatus Stur & Spies, 2011; C. lodscrozetae Moubayed-Breil, 2018; C. suecicus (Kieffer 1916); Heleniella helvetica Moubayed-Breil and Lods-Crozet, 2016; H. ornaticollis (Edwards, 1929); Corynoneura arctica Kieffer, 1923; E. minor (Edwards, 1929); Orthocladius frigidus (Zetterstedt, 1838); Parorthocladius nudipennis (Kieffer, 1908); Tokunagaia rectangularis (Goetghebuer, 1940); Micropsectra radialis Goetghebuer, 1939; Paratanytarsus austriacus (Kieffer, 1924). The presence of P. immezensis sp. n. in high mountain Alpine ranges in the Swiss Alps (above 2600 m a.s.l.) highlights and confirms that some cold and glacial high mountain enclaves can contain diversity previously unknown to science. Documentation and knowledge of this fauna is important to monitor diversity and community changes caused by global warming and climate change.Published as part of Moubayed-Breil, Joel & Lods-Crozet, Brigitte, 2021, PSEUDORTHOCLADIUS IMMEZENSIS SP. N., A NEW RELICT SPECIES INHABITING THE MACUN HIGH-ALPINE STREAM, SWISS ALPS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE), pp. 13-20 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 34 on pages 14-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.645938
Clunio boudouresquei Moubayed-Breil & Dominici 2019, sp. n.
No full textClunio boudouresquei Moubayed-Breil, sp. n. Clunio sp. 1, in Moubayed-Breil & Ashe (2012), Moubayed-Breil et al. (2013). http://zoobank.org/ 3B0274A6-5460-4D84-8028- 2BF8903468B9 Material examined Holotype. France, West Corsica, Scandola Nature Reserve, Focolara Bay, Cala Litizia, bio-constructions of the red calcified marine alga L. byssoides of Punta Palazzu locality (Fig. 10), 42° 21′ 25″ N, 8° 34′ 0″ E; 1 male pharate adult, leg. J. Moubayed-Breil, 03. VI.2015. Locality No. 31 in Moubayed-Breil & Ashe (2012); locality No. 30 in Moubayed-Breil et al. (2013). Marine water temperature: 10-12°C (min.), 22-24°C (max.). Paratypes (all leg J.M-B.): 2 male adults, 1 female adult, 6 pupal exuviae (4 males and 2 females), same locality as for holotype, 03.VI.2015. Holotype (mounted on 1 slide) and 2 pupal exuviae (1 male and 1 female) are deposited in the collections of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM), Munich, Germany. Additional paratypes are deposited in the senior author’s collection. Diagnostic characters Based on some characters found in the male adult (vertex with lateral projections, typical morphology of inferior volsella and both basal and caudal apodemes, presence of megaseta on gonostylus), C. boudouresquei sp. n. appears to belong to a local Tyrrhenian marine element. However, this new species can be distinguished from other European Clunio species by the blow listed characters. Male adult: Vertex with two lateral triangular projections; antenna 10-segmented, last flagellomere longer than the 3 preceding segments; sensilla chaetica present on tibia and ta1 of PI-PIII; tergite VIII with a distinct elongate ellipse-like ridge located antero-medially, midline area with 6 short setae; apical expansion of tergite IX distinctly convex at apex; caudal apodeme with 5-6 curved claw-like tubercles; inferior volsella wider at base and narrowing distally; gonostylus unusually bearing a black fingernail-like megaseta, apex ending with a single finger-like tubercle. Female adult: Eyes densely haired, temporals 2 including 1 inner and 1 outer vertical; clypeus semi-circular, bare; antenna 7-segmented, last flagellomere elongated, segments 6 and 7 each with 1 tubular sensilla chaetica; palpomere 2, globular, with 3 sensilla clavata distally and 1 long fine seta; tarsomere ta 1 of PI and PII is half long as ta 1 of PIII; sensilla chaetica present on tibia and tarsomere ta 1 of PI, PII and PIII; sternite VIII with 22-24 setae; dorsomesal lobe of gonapophysis VIII convex medially and projecting; apodeme lobe swollen in its postero-median part; 2 stout inwardly directed setae present on each side of gonapophysis VIII; seminal capsules sub-oval; tergite IX oval, markedly divided, with 20-22 setae; gonocoxite weekly developed; cercus sub-rectangular. Pupal exuviae: Antero-median area of frontal apotome and thorax with wrinkles; frontal setae present on distal part of frontal apotome; dorsocentrals Dc 1 -Dc 2 and Dc 3 -Dc 4 located close together; anterior transverse rows of spines interrupted on tergite II; posterior transverse rows of hooks present on sternites V-VII. Etymology: the new species is named ‘ boudouresquei’ in honour of our colleague Ch-Fr. Boudouresque (University of Sciences, Luminy, Marseille), who is still active in studying the biology and ecology of the Mediterranean marine flora and fauna including those of the protected area of Scandola Nature Reserve. As he always did in past, he keeps working on developing projects to preserve the marine protected area of Scandola Nature Reserve, which represents a precious and valuable inheritance area. Male adult (n = 5, 2 pharates; Figs 1 c-h, 2a-d, 3a-b) Total length 2.70-2.90 mm. Wing length 1.35-1.40 mm, TL/WL = 2-2.10. General colouration contrasting brown to dark brown. Head and antennae dark brown; thorax contrasting light brown to brown with dark brown mesonotal stripes; wing pale translucent; legs brown to dark brown; tergites I-VII brownish, tergite VIII and anal distinctly contrasting light brown to dark brown. Head. Eyes sub-circular without dorso-median extension, densely hairy with long and short pinlike hairs; hairs absent on inner lateral eye margin, outer posterior margin lacking setae. Vertex (Fig. 1c, dorsal; Fig. 1d, ventral) with 2 triangular lateral expansions; temporals 2 consist only of 2 outer verticals, postorbitals absent. Antenna 10-segmented, about 500 µm long, lacking plume; segment 1-2 (Fig. 1e), segment 1 globular, segment 2 145 µm long, linearly elongated; segment 2-9 globular, nearly sub-equal (30-40 µm long); ultimate flagellomere (Fig. 1f) 105 µm long, about 40 µm maximum width, as longer than the 3 preceding segments, thumb-like shaped; sensilla chaetica present on segments 1 to 8; antennal groove reaching segment 2; AR 0.27. Palp (Figs 1 g-h) 2-segmented, lacking sensilla clavata; left palpomeres 1-2 respectively 25 and 55 µm long, palpomere 2 ending with a long finger-like expansion; right palpomeres 1-2 (Fig. 1h), first one indistinct, second one sub-rectangular to square-like shaped, side about 25-30 µm long. Clypeus semicircular and bare. Thorax. Antepronotum (Fig. 1c) weakly developed with joined lobes. Antepronotals 3; acrostichals 4-5 starting close to antepronotum; dorsocentrals 5 in 1 row; prealars 2; scutellum with 8 setae. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; number of setae on veins: R, 7; R 2+3, 6-7; remaining veins and squama bare. Legs. Femur of PI-PIII broad (100-110 µm maximum width); tibial spurs distinctly conspicuous and curved at apex, length (µm): PI, 40; PII, 65; PIII, 55. Tarsomeres ta 3 and ta 4 of PI and PIII (45 and 40 µm long) shorter than tarsomere ta 5 (75 and 65) as in Table 1; SV of PIII (9.48) is much higher than in PI and PII. Sensilla chaetica present on tibia and tarsomere ta 1 of PI-PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of prothoracic (PI), mesothoracic (PII) and metathoracic (PIII) legs as in Table 1. Abdomen. Hypopygium in dorsal and ventral view as in Figs 2 a-b (Fig. 2a, dorsal; Fig. 2b, ventral, with tergite IX removed). Laterosternite absent. Tergite VIII with a distinct elongate ellipsoidal ridge located antero-medially, midline area bearing 6 short setae (3 on each side). Tergite IX is Clunio - type, without anal point; dorsal side (Fig. 2a) densely covered with macrotrichia-like setae in reclinate pattern (orally directed), postero-median area with about 40 short setae about 15 µm long; ventral side (Fig. 3b) with a semi-circular posterior lamella covered with macrotrichia. Ventral side of hypopygium (Fig. 1b) includes 4 distinct apodemes (basal, axial, lateral and caudal) which can be detailed as: basal apodeme (= sternapodeme) 140 µm maximum width, T-like shaped (Figs 1b, 3a) with anterior side concave (occasionally convex as in Fig. 3c); axial apodeme about 320 µm long, ending with a bi-lobed semi-circular apical expansion (Figs 2a, 3b); lateral apodeme (= phallapodeme) 250 µm long, inwardly bent distally; caudal apodeme (Fig. 2b) distinctly branched on each lateral side, composed of 2 connected parts, basal one is rectangular brush-like shaped, posterior one consists of 5-6 grouped claws of typical structure. Gonocoxite about 600 µm long, 250 µm maximum width, distal inner area with dense group of long and short setae; inferior volsella 220 µm long, 15- 20 µm width medially, located distally, conical and densely covered with short and upwardly directed setae. Gonostylus (Figs 2 c-d) inversed trianglelike shaped, arched with acute posterior angle and projecting backwards posteriorly; thicker at base, much thinner in median and distal parts; length (in µm of sides): basal one about 20, concave one 25, convex one 17; apical angle (Fig. 2d) with 1 single characteristic finger-like tubercle; crista dorsalis well-developed, consists of 2 unequal lobes occupying the entire length of gonostylus; megaseta tooth-like shaped and conspicuous, nearly as high as wide (12-15 µm), represents an unusual character in the genus Clunio. Female adult (n = 2, 1 pharate; Figs 1 i-j, 4a-e) Small sized species. Total length 1.65-1.70 mm. General shape is Clunio female-type. Colouration as in the male adult except for the thorax, which is less dark. Antennae light brown; legs brownish with blackish claws. Abdominal tergites and anal segment contrasting brown to dark brown. Head. Eyes densely hairy, sub-circular without dorso-median extension, hairs absent on inner lateral eye margin, outer posterior margin lacking setae. Temporals 2, including 1 inner and 1 outer vertical. Clypeus semi-circular, bare. Antenna 7-segmented, about 200 µm long; last flagellomere (Fig. 1i) 60 µm long, elongated and lobe-like; segments 6 and 7 each with 1 tubular sensilla chaetica; antennal groove reaching segment 2; AR 0.43. Palp (Fig. 1j) 2-segmented; segment 1, indistinct; palpomere 2, globular about 20 µm long bearing 3 sensilla clavata distally and 1 long fine seta. Thorax. Chaetotaxy indistinct. Legs. Tibia of PI, PII and PIII nearly equal (185, 180, 185 µm long); length (µm) of tibial spurs of: PI, 40; PII, 65; PIII, 5. Tarsomeres ta 1 -ta 5 of PI and PII equal in size as in Table 2; tarsomeres ta 1 and ta 5 of PI and PIII are globular and equal in size (40 µm long each); tarsomere ta 1 of PI and PII (40 µm long) is half long as ta 1 of PIII (85 µm). Femur of PI is much wider (90 µm) than in PII-PIII (70 and 60); tibia of PIII is wider (55 µm) than in PI and PII (45 µm each); tarsomere ta 1 of PII is much wider (50 µm) than in PI and PIII (27 µm each); tarsomere ta 1 of PII is wider (55µm) than in PI and PIII (30 µm each). LR value (Table 2) of PIII (0.46) is much higher than those of PI and PII (0.22 each); SV value (Table 2) of PI and PII (10.75 and 11) is about twice of PIII (5.35). Sensilla chaetica present in low number on tibia and tarsomere ta 1 of PI, PII and PIII. Length (in µm) and proportions of prothoracic (PI), mesothoracic (PII) and metathoracic (PIII) legs as in Table 2. Abdomen. Anal segment (dorsal, Fig. 4a; ventral, Fig. 4b) 280 µm long, 260 µm maximum width at base, 130 µm wide at caudal part. Genitalia in dorsal and ventral view as illustrated in Figs 4 b-e. Notum about 140 µm long with separate rami; on each side the rami are connected to a sternal axial apodeme. Sternite VIII with 22-24 setae (11- 12 on each side of the notum). Gonapophysis VIII (Figs 4 b-d): dorsomesal lobe (Fig. 4d) convex medially and projecting in both proximal and apical parts; ventrolateral lobe directed downwards, broader basally and narrowing posteriorly; apodeme lobe (left, Fig. 4c) distinctly swollen in its postero-median part. Presence of 2 stout inwardly directed setae on each side of gonapophysis VIII between base of sternite VIII and ventrolateral lobe. Seminal capsules 70 µm long, 40 µm maximum width, sub-oval and well-sclerotized medially. Spermathecal ducts with loops and separate openings. Tergite IX (Fig. 4e) egg-like shaped, markedly divided, with 20-22 setae (10-11 on each side). Gonocoxite (Figs 4 a-b) weekly developed but widely extended, bearing 8-9 setae. Cercus (Fig. 4b) sub-rectangular, normally developed and projecting upwards. Pupal exuviae (n = 10, 7 males and 3 females; Figs 5a, 5c, 5 e-f) Total length 2.85-3.15 mm. Colouration contrasting dark brown to yellow brown, wrinkles present on antero-median area of frontal apotome and thorax; abdomen and anal segment brownish. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome broadly trapezoidal, frontal setae about 40 µm long, inserted posteromedially, distance between frontal setae 50 µm. Median antepronotals nearly subequal (30-35 µm long), lateral antepronotal absent; precorneals subequal, about 50 µm long, insertion arranged I, triangle. Dorsocentrals Dc 1 -Dc 2 and Dc 3 -Dc 4 located close together; Dc 4 subequal (about 10-15 µm long), Dc 3 and Dc 4 sub-equal (about 40 µm long); distance (in µm) between: Dc 1 to Dc 2 30, Dc 2 to Dc 3 80, Dc 3 to Dc 4 10. Abdomen. Armament, chaetotaxy, distribution pattern of shagreen and details of armament on tergites and sternites II-VII as in Figs 5a, 5c, 5 e-f. Tergite I and sternites I-III bare, sternite IV occasionally with 1-2 rows of small spines (Fig. 5a). Conjunctives of tergites III-VII and sternites V-VII with one transverse row of hooks, which are smaller on sternites, conjunctive on segment VIII composed only of short posteriorly directed spines. Antero-median transverse rows of spines present on tergites II-VII, sparsely present and interrupted medially on tergite II, becoming denser and more extensive on tergites III-VI. Pedes spurii A and B absent; apophyses on tergites and sternites absent. Number and distribution pattern of lateral setae on segments I-VIII: 2 on segment I; 2/3 on II-VII; 3 on VIII. Anal segment is Clunio - type, genital sac 490-500 µm long, 70 µm maximum width, ending each with 1 pointed tubercle. Larva Known but not described. Differential diagnosis Male adult and pupal exuviae of C. boudouresquei sp. n. are compared to those of known Clunio species from seacoasts of Europe and neighbouring areas, based on material collected by the senior author in Corsica, continental France, Italy, Spain except for Bulgaria (Varna seashores, leg. P. Michailova). Some relevant specific features found in the male adult and pupal exuviae will easily separate the new species from other members of Clunio by the following combination of characters: Male adult: Frontal area of head bearing 2 apical projections (Figs 1 c-d), is differently shaped in C. marinus (Figs 1 a-b); last flagellomere narrowed apically (Fig. 1f), is widely clubbed in C. mediterraneus (Fig. 1k) and linearly curved in C. sp. 1 (Fig. 1l); typical long finger-like expansion of left palp (Fig. 1g), is absent in both C. sp. 2 (Fig. 1m) and C. marinus (Fig. 1n); caudal apodeme composed of basal brush-like and 5-6 apical claws (Fig. 2b), is lacking basal brush and less branched apically in C. mediterraneus (Fig. 2e); megaseta present on gonostylus (Fig. 2c), is absent in C. mediterraneus (Fig. 2f) and C. marinus (Fig. 2h); apex of gonostylus with only one single finger-like tubercle (Figs 2 c-d), while consists of several unequal tubercles in both C. sp. 1 (Fig. 2g) and C. marinus (Figs 2 h-i); basal and apical parts of axial apodeme (Figs 3 a-b), are differently shaped in C. mediterraneus (Figs 3 c-d and C. sp. 1 (Figs 3 e-f). Male pupal exuviae: Transverse row of hooks present on sternites V-VII (Figs 5a, 5 e-f), only present on sternites V-VI in C. mediterraneus (Figs 5b, 5 gh); anteromedian rows of spines on tergite II interrupted medially and sparse (Fig. 5c), is continuous and more dense in C. mediterraneus (Fig. 5d). Ecology and remarks The immature stages of Clunio spp. are typically marine dwellers of the intertidal zone along the littoral and mid-littoral zones of rocky shores, sometimes in association with populations of Mytilus spp. In some species (in particular those associated with Lithophyllum beds) the emergence of the adults is synchronized with the lunar cycle (Neumann 1976, Neumann et al. 1997, Kaiser & Heckel 2012). The biological cycle (reproduction and emergence) of C. boudouresquei sp. n. is closely related to the typology of the intertidal zone including alternation between submerged marine habitats and terrestrial ecological conditions, which are strongly reinforced during spring tides of lunar rhythms (new and full moon). The pavements, ‘trottoirs’ of L. byssoides represent a combination of habitats that typically characterize the intertidal zone of the protected area of Scandola Nature Reserve. They mainly consist of a pristine combination of habitats considered to be microrefugia for a dense and diversified community of marine, semi-aquatic and semi-terrestrial species, including members of several closely integrated dipteran families (Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Dolichopdidae). The newly described species is encountered in the marine mid-littoral zone of Punta Palazzu (Fig. 6), where larval stages occur exclusively within the large bio-constructions of the ‘long-living’ red calcified alga L. byssoides, which clearly delimit alternate cycles of both submerged and terrestrial habitats. In addition, the bio-concretions of Punta Palazzu are currently considered as the largest Lithophyllum beds in Europe, where valuable knowledge on the biology (growth rate) and ecology of the algal communities are documented by Verlaque (2010). While the biological and ecological quality of L. byssoides rims are still well-preserved at Punta Palazzu and Port-Cros Island (Figs 6-7), other similar marine sites located along the coastal Mediterranean ecosystem of continental France are becoming extinct, or have been deeply damaged and degraded (Figs 8-9) during the last four decades by human activities, including ecotourism and release of toxic chemical pollutants (e.g., HAP, PCB, abundance of macro- and microplastics). In addition, the L. byssoides beds delimited by the latter endangered sites, are heavily threatened by a massive proliferation of an invasive Mytilidae species (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819). This sea mussel significantly predominates when changes in water quality and level of pollution become increasingly high (seashores at Banyuls, SW-France, Figs 8-9), where populations are intensely enlarging and reinforcing their potential expansion in occupying up to 70-80% of the living L. byssoides original cover. Such situations are also highlighted in southern France by Blanfuné et al. (2019) for the ‘Canopy-forming Seaweeds’ of Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau, 1810, where an important decline of local populations with risk of extinction are reported; Linares et al. (2010) and Garragou et al. (2017) report a similar scenario for the Mediterranean Red Coral, suggesting that constructive plans and management measures for conservation and preservation of autochthonous Tyrrhenian elements must be implemented. Consequently, in some of the Tyrrhenian mid-littoral coastlines (Punta Palazzu, Port-Cros, Banyuls), some relevant and vulnerable Clunio species are closely confined to the Lithophyllum beds, and therefore their loss would be clearly indicative of a combination of anthropogenic impacts and global warming in this geographical region. Such relict Tyrrhenian species are considered as potentially biogeographic representatives and biological indicators of local climate change (in particular, the rise of sea level), which strongly affect both sustainability and viability of the Clunio populations. Geographical distribution Geographical distribution of known Clunio species from European seacoasts (Ashe & O’Connor 2012) and the Tyrrhenian sub-region is given in in Figure 10. Clunio boudouresquei sp. n. ‘⚙’ is abundant at the type-locality of Punta Palazzu (Scandola Nature Reserve, West Corsica); weakly represented in southern France (Port-Cros and Porquerolles Islands, Cassis, Banyuls). Occurrences of C. boudouresquei sp. n. in southern France indicate that it may be more widespread in other geographical areas of the Tyrrhenian sub-region (insular and continental Provinces), and therefore can be expected from the seacoasts of some neighbouring countries like Italy and Spain. Clunio marinus ‘✻’ is found along all Atlantic seacoasts in Europe including France, Germany, England, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Madeira, Netherland, Norway, Spain and Sweden. Clunio mediterraneus ‘✶’ is widespread in the Mediterranean Basin: Southern France (Cerbère, Banyuls, Sète, Carry, Marseille, Cassis, Port-Miou, Hyère, Porquerolles, Port-Cros, Nice), northern and western Corsica, the Balearic Islands, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Croatia (the Adriatic Sea). Clunio ponticus Michailova, 1980 ‘✪’ is only recorded from the Black Sea (Varna, Bulgaria).Published as part of Moubayed-Breil, Joel & Dominici, Jean-Marie, 2019, CLUNIO BOUDOURESQUEI SP. N. AND THALASSOSMITTIA BALLESTAI SP. N., TWO TYRRHENIAN MARINE SPECIES OCCURRING IN SCANDOLA NATURE RESERVE, WEST CORSICA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract, pp. 4-24 in CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 32 (32) on pages 5-13, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i32.3078, http://zenodo.org/record/798732
Towards rich multimodal behavior in spoken dialogues with embodied agents
No full textSpoken dialogue frameworks have traditionally been designed to handle a single stream of data - the speech signal. Research on human-human communication has been providing large evidence and quantifying the effects and the importance of a multitude of other multimodal nonverbal signals that people use in their communication, that shape and regulate their interaction. Driven by findings from multimodal human spoken interaction, and the advancements of capture devices and robotics and animation technologies, new possibilities are rising for the development of multimodal human-machine interaction that is more affective, social, and engaging. In such face-to-face interaction scenarios, dialogue systems can have a large set of signals at their disposal to infer context and enhance and regulate the interaction through the generation of verbal and nonverbal facial signals. This paper summarizes several design decision, and experiments that we have followed in attempts to build rich and fluent multimodal interactive systems using a newly developed hybrid robotic head called Furhat, and discuss issues and challenges that this effort is facing.</p
Do infants detect A→V articulator congruency for non-native click consonants?
No full textIn a prior study infants habituated to an audio-only labial or alveolar, native English voiceless or non-native ejective stop, then saw silent videos of stops at each place [1]. 4-month-olds gazed more at congruent videos for native and non-native stops. 11-month-olds preferred congruence for native stops but incongruence for non-native ejectives, suggesting language experience biases but does not block detection of non-native A➝V speech relations. But as English adults perceive ejectives as deviant stops [2], we asked whether infants detect A➝V congruence in non-native phones adults hear as nonspeech, i.e., click consonants [3-6]. 4-month-olds preferred incongruency; 11-month-olds showed no preference. We posit that infants prefer A➝V congruency for phones heard as native-like speech; prefer incongruency for phones heard as speech that deviates from native segments; notice extreme deviance earlier (clicks: 4 mo; ejectives: 11 mo); and later treat very deviant phones as discriminable nonspeech sounds [3, 4] that are unrelated to visual speech. Results are at odds with existing AV models, but may be handled by a hybrid of Amodal Articulatory and Intersensory Narrowing views
Perception of nonverbal gestures of prominence in visual speech animation
No full textIt has long been recognized that visual speech information is important for speech perception [McGurk and MacDonald 1976] [Summerfield 1992]. Recently there has been an increasing interest in the verbal and non-verbal interaction between the visual and the acoustic modalities from production and perception perspectives. One of the prosodic phenomena which attracts much focus is prominence. Prominence is defined as when a linguistic segment is made salient in its context.</p
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