1,720,957 research outputs found
Energy, water and environmental balance of a complex water supply system
Full text linkThe present paper describes the analysis of water and energy balance in a complex
urban water supply system. The analysis was carried out employing Life Cycle
Analysis (LCA) methodologies. The LCA approach was integrated with the
analysis of the system energy and water balance. For a real size water supply
system, based on the results of the individual LCAs, the current baseline was
constructed highlighting the water, energy and environmental (in terms of CO2eq
emissions in the atmosphere) costs of supplied water. Then, three different
mitigation measures have been evaluated: the first is based on energy production
by installation of photovoltaic systems; the second is based on energy recovery by
means of hydraulic turbines, exploiting the available pressure potential to produce
energy; the third based on energy optimization of pumping stations by installing
inverter systems, replacement of rotors with optimized blade profiles and
installation of automation systems and self-control. Also the possibility of
substituting some of the pipes of the water supply system was considered in the
recovery scenario in order to reduce leakages and recovery the energy needed for
leakages transport and treatment. The analysis of the results shown that energy
recovery scenario is the most reliable solution even without any pipe substitution.
Thanks to the recovery of energy and limiting the environmental impact of the
system, the CO2eq production per cubic meter of supplied water was reduced from
0.41 to 0.07 kg CO2eq/m3 of supplied water
A decision support tool for water and energy saving in the integrated water system
Full text linkIn the last decades, a growing attention on energy saving associated with water resources usage and leakages reduction has been recorded at both national and international level. Scientific research has focused on implementation of several methodologies aimed at the understanding of energy transformation processes occurring in the integrated water system. The main concern is then identifying energy impacts associated to each macro-area of integrated water system, such as collection, treatment and distribution, and analysing the potential interactions between them. Unfortunately, only overall energy consumptions are usually available at national level. The main objective of the paper is to present a decision support tool, developed in the framework of the ALADIN project, able to analysing the water and energy balance in the integrated water service. In order to achieve a sustainable use of water resources, the tool allows an assessment of the energy impact of different macro - areas of integrated water system. Moreover, each macro - area can be treated as an element able to share energy with other elements, aiming to obtain an energy saving on the whole integrated water system. In this way, the decision support tool could suggest efficient solutions, according to the operator objectives, with regard to energy and water losses management. Therefore, the tool could provide guidelines for choosing the best management solutions, depending on the particular analysed system, and allow, at the same time, the energy and water resources saving. The proposed tool was applied to a complex water supply system, the Favara di Burgio system (Sicily, Italy) in order to show its reliability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pre-conditioning approach to Bayesian Decision Network for water quality sensors positioning in urban drainage systems
No full textIn the last decades, the growth of mini- and micro-industry in urban areas has
produced an increase in the frequency of xenobiotic polluting discharges in drainage
systems. Such pollutants are usually characterized by low removal efficiencies in urban
wastewater treatment plants and they may have an acute or cumulative impact on
environment. In order to facilitate early detection and efficient containment of the illicit
intrusions, the present work aims to develop a decision-support approach for positioning
the water quality sensors. It is mainly based on the use of a decision-making support of
the BDN type (Bayesian Decision Network), specifically looking soluble conservative
pollutants, such as metals. In the application and result section the methodology is tested
on two sewer systems, with increasing complexity: a literature scheme from the SWMM
manual and a real combined sewer
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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