1,721,033 research outputs found
Understanding Civil War : Evidence and Analysis, Volume 1. Africa
No full textThe two volumes of Understanding Civil
War build upon the World Bank's prior research on
conflict and violence, particularly on the work of Paul
Collier and Anke Hoeffler, whose model of civil war onset
has sparked much discussion on the relationship between
conflict and development in what came to be known as the
"greed" versus "grievance" debate. The
authors systematically apply the Collier-Hoeffler model to
15 countries in 6 different regions of the world, using a
comparative case study methodology to revise and expand upon
economic models of civil war. (The countries selected are
Burundi, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria,
Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Algeria, Mali, Senegal, Indonesia,
Lebanon, Russian Federation, Colombia, Northern Ireland,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Caucasus.) The book
concludes that the "greed" versus
"grievance" debate should be abandoned for a more
complex model that considers greed and grievance as
inextricably fused motives for civil war
Understanding Civil War : Evidence and Analysis, Volume 2. Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions
No full textThe two volumes of Understanding Civil
War build upon the World Bank's prior research on
conflict and violence, particularly on the work of Paul
Collier and Anke Hoeffler, whose model of civil war onset
has sparked much discussion on the relationship between
conflict and development in what came to be known as the
"greed" versus "grievance" debate. The
authors systematically apply the Collier-Hoeffler model to
15 countries in 6 different regions of the world, using a
comparative case study methodology to revise and expand upon
economic models of civil war. (The countries selected are
Burundi, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria,
Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Algeria, Mali, Senegal, Indonesia,
Lebanon, Russian Federation, Colombia, Northern Ireland,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Caucasus.) The book
concludes that the "greed" versus
"grievance" debate should be abandoned for a more
complex model that considers greed and grievance as
inextricably fused motives for civil war
The Collier-Hoeffler Model of Civil War Onset and the Case Study Project Research Design.
No full textShort-term and long-term effects of United Nations peace operations
Full text linkEarlier studies have shown that United Nations peace operations make a positive contribution to peacebuilding efforts after civil wars. But do these effects carry over to the period after the peacekeepers leave? And how do the effects of UN peace operations interact with other determinants of peacebuilding in the long run? The author addresses these questions using a revised version of the Doyle and Sambanis dataset and applying different estimation methods to estimate the short-term and long-term effects of UN peace missions. He finds that UN missions have robust, positive effects on peacebuilding in the short term. UN missions can help parties implement peace agreements but the UN cannot fight wars, and UN operations contribute more to the quality of the peace where peace is based on participation, than to the longevity of the peace, where peace is simply the absence of war. The effects of UN missions are also felt in the long run, but they dissipate over time. What is missing in UN peacebuilding is a strategy to foster the self-sustaining economic growth that could connect increased participation with sustainable peace.Post Conflict Reintegration,Peace&Peacekeeping,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Politics and Government
External interventions and the duration of civil wars
Full text linkThe authors combine an empirical model of external intervention, with a theoretical model of civil war duration. Their empirical model of intervention allows them to analyze civil war duration, using"expected"rather than"actual"external intervention as an explanatory variable in the duration model. Unlike previous studies, they find that external intervention is positively associated with the duration of civil war. They distinguish partial third-party interventions that extend the length of war, from multilateral"peace"operations, which have a mandate to restore peace without taking sides - and which typically take place at war's end, or at least when both sides have agreed to a cease-fire. In a future paper, the authors will examine whether partial third-party interventions - whatever their effect on a war's duration - increase the risk of war's recurrence. If that proves true, then even if interventions reduce the length of civil war, they may do so at the cost of further destabilizing the political system, and sowing the seeds of future rebellion.Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Social Conflict and Violence,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs
Ethnic partition as a solution to ethnic war - an empirical critique of the theoretical literature
Full text linkSome theorists of ethnic conflict argue that the physical separation of warring ethnic groups may be the only possible solution to civil war. Without territorial partition and (if needed) forced population movements, they argue, ethnic war cannot end and genocide is likely. Other scholars have counter-argued that partition only replaces internal war with international war, creates undemocratic successor states, and generates tremendous human suffering. So far this debate has been informed by few important case studies. The author uses a new set of data on civil wars to identify the main determinants of ethnic partitions and to estimate their impact on the probability of war's recurrence, on low-grade ethnic violence, and on the political institutions of successor states. The author's analysis is the first large-sample quantitative analysis of the subject, testing the propositions of partition theory and weighing heavily on the side of its critics. He shows that almost all of the assertions of partition theorists fail to pass rigorous empirical tests. He finds that, on average, partition does not significantly reduce the probability of new violence. A better strategy might be to combine ethnic groups, but most important is to establish credible and equitable systems of governance. It is also important not to load the strategy with subjective premises about the necessity of ethnically pure states and about the futility of inter-ethnic cooperation.International Affairs,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Children and Youth
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of United Nations Peace Operations
No full textEarlier studies have shown that United
Nations peace operations make a positive contribution to
peacebuilding efforts after civil wars. But do these effects
carry over to the period after the peacekeepers leave? And
how do the effects of UN peace operations interact with
other determinants of peacebuilding in the long run? The
author addresses these questions using a revised version of
the Doyle and Sambanis dataset and applying different
estimation methods to estimate the short-term and long-term
effects of UN peace missions. He finds that UN missions have
robust, positive effects on peacebuilding in the short term.
UN missions can help parties implement peace agreements but
the UN cannot fight wars, and UN operations contribute more
to the quality of the peace where peace is based on
participation, than to the longevity of the peace, where
peace is simply the absence of war. The effects of UN
missions are also felt in the long run, but they dissipate
over time. What is missing in UN peacebuilding is a strategy
to foster the self-sustaining economic growth that could
connect increased participation with sustainable peace
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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