1,720,961 research outputs found
Nachweis von Clostridium estertheticum in österreichischen Rinderbetrieben
No full textDiplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024Clostridium (C.) estertheticum ist hauptverantwortlich für das Auftreten von „blown pack spoilage“ (BPS), also dem Verderb von vakuumverpacktem frischem Fleisch, das bei ordnungsgemäßer Temperatur und mit einwandfreier Verpackung gelagert wurde. Betroffen sind in der Regel Rind-, Lamm- und Wildfleisch, da diese eine lange Reifungsphase durchlaufen und sich Clostridien während dieser Lagerung vermehren können. Als Kontaminationsquelle für diese Bakterien gelten Kot und Haut der geschlachteten Tiere. Dennoch gibt es weltweit nur wenige Studien, die sich mit der Prävalenz von C. estertheticum im Kot und auf der Haut von Rindern beschäftigen. Um das Vorkommen von C. estertheticum und der verwandten Spezies C. frigoriphilum in erwachsenen Rindern in Österreich einschätzen zu können, wurden für diese Studie 260 Kotproben und 260 Fellwischproben in 26 Betrieben in Salzburg und Tirol gewonnen und molekularbiologisch sowie kulturell untersucht. Die Proben wurden im Vorfeld mit Pepton-Yeast-Glucose-Starch (PYGS)-Bouillon bei 4 °C angereichert und anschließend einer DNA-Extraktion und einer qPCR unterzogen. Bei der verwendeten Sonden-qPCR Methode waren 22,3 % bzw. 11,2 % der getesteten Kotproben und 0,8 % bzw. 2,3 % der Fellwischproben positiv für C. estertheticum bzw. C. frigoriphilum. Insgesamt wurden 84 PCR-positive Proben einer kulturellen Untersuchung auf Columbia Blood Agar (CBA) unterzogen. Nach einer mindestens drei- bis vierwöchigen Inkubation bei 10 °C und nachfolgender Subkultivierung, konnten C. estertheticum und C. frigoriphilum aus 29,8 % (n = 25/84) der PCR-positiven Proben isoliert werden. Es kann daher bestätigt werden, dass Rinderkot eine wichtige Quelle für C. estertheticum darstellt, obwohl das Vorkommen dieses Bakteriums bei Rindern in Österreich als mäßig eingestuft wird.Diploma thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2024Clostridium (C.) estertheticum is mainly responsible for the occurrence of “blown pack spoilage” (BPS), the spoilage of vacuum-packed fresh meat that has been stored at appropriate temperature and in intact packaging. Typically, beef, lamb, and venison are usually affected, as these undergo a long maturing phase, and clostridia can multiply during this storage. The considered sources of contamination for these bacteria are feces and skin of the slaughtered animals. Nevertheless, there are only few studies worldwide that focus on the prevalence of C. estertheticum in feces and on the skin of cattle. To assess the occurrence of C. estertheticum and the related species C. frigoriphilum in adult cattle in Austria, 260 fecal and 260 hide swap samples were collected from 26 farms in Salzburg and Tyrol and examined using molecular biological and culture methods in this study. The samples were primarily enriched in Peptone-Yeast-Glucose-Starch (PYGS)-broth at 4 °C and then subjected to DNA extraction and qPCR. Using the qPCR with probes, 22.3 % and 11.2 % of the tested fecal samples and 0.8 % and 2.3 % of the hide swap samples were positive for C. estertheticum and C. frigoriphilum, respectively. A total of 84 PCR-positive samples underwent cultural examination on Columbia Blood Agar (CBA). After incubation at 10 °C for at least three to four weeks and subsequent subcultivation, C. estertheticum and C. frigoriphilum were isolated from 29.8 % (n = 25/84) of the PCR-positive samples. It can therefore be confirmed that cattle feces are an important source of C. estertheticum, although the occurrence of this bacterium in cattle in Austria is classified as moderate
Combined LC-MS and qPCR Analysis of Authentic Cumin Samples to Identify the Botanical Origin of Their Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination
No full textPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and tropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxins that naturally occur in plants worldwide and can contaminate food such as (herbal) teas, culinary herbs, and spices if these plants are unintendedly coharvested. Cumin has been identified as a particularly problematic matrix regarding PA contamination, frequently exceeding the European Union (EU) regulatory limits. However, the botanical causes of PA contamination in cumin remain largely unknown. In the current study, 74 authentic cumin samples provided by vendors were analyzed for PAs and TAs using LC-MS and screened for PA-producing plants using qPCR. Analytes were detected in all samples, with 18 exceeding the EU regulatory PA limit. The identified PAs predominantly matched those typically found in European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum). However, qPCR did not detect known PA- or TA-producing plants and therefore did not align with the LC-MS findings. The clear indication of a specific plant responsible for PA contamination in cumin could help manufacturers improve weed control and minimize product contamination in the future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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