1,720,957 research outputs found
Introduction: understanding and representing colonial India
No full textColonialism was fundamentally a project of economic exploitation. The project to extract and exploit productive labor however required that the colonial state form a knowledge base of their subjects. As the British merchants became rulers of India, they had to develop an understanding of Indian society. The anxiety that the colonizers felt in their inability to understand Indians, their customs, religions, state structures, and various other facets of life led them to produce and catalog a “knowledge” of Indian society. During the initial stages of colonialism, this project was driven by a general fascination with India’s ancient past—for it was their understanding that it was in the ancient past that an “unsullied” knowledge of India could be found. Beginning in the early nineteenth century however, the colonial state increasingly sought to explain the backwardness of India through racial differences—an understanding that dominated colonial state’s politics and policies until the twentieth century
Samanta, Samiparna: Meat, Mercy, Morality. Animals and Humanitarianism in Colonial Bengal, 1850–1920 (Julia Hauser)
No full textErstveröffentlichung der Rezension in deutscher Sprache auf H-Soz-Kult am 11.01.2023: Julia Hauser: Rezension zu: Samanta, Samiparna: Meat, Mercy, Morality. Animals and Humanitarianism in Colonial Bengal, 1850–1920. Oxford 2021. ISBN 978019012913, In: H-Soz-Kult, 11.01.2023 https://www.hsozkult.de/searching/id/reb-97411Публикация рецензии на немецком языке на H-Soz-Kult от 11 января 2023 г.: Julia Hauser: Rezension zu: Samanta, Samiparna: Meat, Mercy, Morality. Animals and Humanitarianism in Colonial Bengal, 1850–1920. Oxford 2021. ISBN 978019012913, In: H-Soz-Kult, 11.01.2023 https://www.hsozkult.de/searching/id/reb-9741
Technologies of Knowledge: rethinking the archive in modern South Asia
No full textThis book traces the role of technology in shaping, curating, disseminating, and archiving knowledge and life in South Asia. It focuses on empirical studies of transformative social processes unleashed by technological intervention in colonial and postcolonial contexts, which have changed our everyday lives and created new sites of domination and resistance, and new archives of history. Unraveling technology as an indicator of South Asia’s encounter with modernity, the chapters in the volume interrogate how technology was witnessed in the production of culture, historicizing and preserving the past, and establishing claims to heritage and history. In addition to examining the critical role of creative and commercial networks in establishing communities, the volume also scans the significant contribution of technology as a mechanism of social control. It highlights the pervasive nature of discourse that continues to assert its legitimacy, despite significant challenges to its structures of dominance, be it in the case of Bengali women or imperial dreams of curating a rapidly eroding past. In doing so, the volume emphasizes the discursive thoughts and practices that permeate the functioning of an empire and a postcolonial nation-state through narratives of resilience, appropriation, silences, and dissent. This volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of science and technology studies, digital humanities, South Asian studies, modern history, colonialism, and post-independence India
Alternative technologies: a different road to development
No full textThis chapter presents an alternative analysis of the environmental movements in the late twentieth century, where the lens of technological use was reposited to appropriate the self-assertion of the different dissident voices. Since the late 1980s, this chapter argues, an alternative discourse on development was formulated by capitalizing on the rising tide of democratic/participative movement. The prominence of such movement lay in their prioritization of people as stakeholders of the natural resources and shaping up of the “mass-based” movement which opened up an unprecedented collaboration between “think tanks” and grassroot activism. Such activism, as illustrated through the example of Anil Agarwal, banked primarily on the local-knowledge-based technologies and crusaded against the hegemonic march of “modern” development marked by exclusion and non-egalitarian ideas
Meat, mercy, morality: Animals and humanitarianism in Colonial Bengal, 1850-1920
No full textThis book uses the lens of humanitarian debates to understand the nature of British colonialism in India. It demonstrates that with emergence of new notions of public health in late 19th-century Bengal, contests over appropriate measures for controlling animals became part of wider debates surrounding environmental ethics, diet, sanitation, and a politics of race/class that reconfigured boundaries between the colonizer and the colonized. Centered around three major stories – animals as diseased, eaten, and overworked – it explores how the colonial project of animal protection mirrored an irony in that it exposed the disjunction between the claims of a benevolent colonial state and a powerful, not-too-benign reality where the state constantly sought to discipline its subjects – both human and nonhuman. It refreshes our understanding of environment, colonial science and British imperialism by arguing that colonial humanitarianism was not only an idiom of rule, but was also translated into Bengali dietetics, anxieties, vegetarianism and vigilantism which can be seen in India even today
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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