1,720,972 research outputs found
Development of an Nano Electrospray Source for Single Particle Imaging Application
No full textIn this thesis a nano-electrospray ionization source gets developed. Since nano-electrosprayionization has an increasing importance for single particle imaging we want to optimizethe developed nano-electrospray ionization source for single particle imaging applica-tion. In single particle imaging the surrounding gas of the particles is an importantfactor which influences the image background and thus is a limiting factor. This leadsto the following central research question: "How can a reduction in the required electro-spray gas flow be achieved?" The initial droplet diameter is also an important factor inthe electrospray process, because it determines if the samples are in their native struc-ture or not, because it determines the salt concentration of the nano droplets later on.This leads to the following second research question is: "How can the initial droplet di-ameter can be reduced?". In addition the old home made electrospray ionization setupwhich was developed by one of my precursors is analyzed and things that have to beimproved in the new developed home made nano-electrospray ionization setup are dis-cussed.In the development process of the nano-electrospray ionization source it is investigatedhow the sample solution should be transported in the spray capillary to achieve thetypical low sample solution flow of nano-electrospray ionization. In addition it is in-vestigated how it can be proved in the new developed nano-electrospray ionizationsetup if the particles stay intact during the transfer process into the gas phase. To an-swer the research questions, theoretical approaches to reduce the electrospray gas flowand to reduce the initial droplet diameter are established. These theoretical approachesare confirmed in the thesis experimentally. All of the experiments are executed with anexperimental setup, which was purchased from TSI incorporated. To analyze the oldhome made electrospray ionization setup the different modes of electrospray ionizationare discussed.The experiments in this thesis show, that one way to reduce the sample solution flowrate and with that the electrospray gas flow is to reduce the applied pressure to thepressure chamber, which is used in the setup from TSI to push the sample solutioninto the spray capillary. In addition it is shown that the pressure chamber can be usedin the new developed nano-electrospray ionization setup, because low sample solu-tion flow rates can be achieved. Another way to reduce the gas flow in electrospray,which is shown in this thesis is to reduce the sample solution flow rate and with thatthe required electrospray onset voltage. In this thesis an experiment also shows, thatthe initial droplet diameter can be reduced by reducing the sample solution flow rate.This thesis also shows that the DMA CPC setup can be used to prove, if the particles aretransferred into the gas phase intact. The last section of the results and discussion chap-ter shows that many things of the old home made electrospray ionization setup (openhigh voltage ,bulky , no possibility to connect it to other experimental setups) have tobe improved in the new developed nano-electrospray ionization setup. The last sectiongives an setup description of the new developed nano-electrospray ionization setup,which is currently built in center for free electron laser science.The experimental results clearly show that the reduction of the sample solution flowrate in the developed nano-electrospray ionization setup reduces the required gas flowin the electrospray ionization process. Thus the developed nano-electrospray ioniza-tion setup has the potential to reduce the image background in single particle imaging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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