1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Role of Hyoid Bone Position in Maintaining Upper Airway Patency
Get PDFJoseph G. Ghafari; Jason Amatoury; Anthony Macari; Hassan ChamiThe hyoid is a mobile bone located at the base of the tongue. It is the point of insertion for many of the muscles that control the geometry and mechanical properties of the upper airway (UA). Consequently, the hyoid is likely essential in maintaining upper airway patency, particularly when exposed to inspiratory negative pressures. Recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep is characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent respiratory sleep disorder with serious health risks. An inferiorly positioned hyoid is the most consistently observed anatomical difference between people with OSA and healthy controls. Surgical hyoid repositioning procedures are being performed to treat OSA patients, but outcomes are highly variable, primarily because of the lack of knowledge regarding the precise influence of hyoid position on upper airway function. The aim of this thesis is to determine the role of hyoid bone position in maintaining upper airway patency.
Seven anaesthetized, male, New Zealand White rabbits were tracheostomized and left to breath spontaneously via the caudal trachea (i.e. no UA airflow or muscle activity). The hyoid was repositioned within the mid-sagittal plane along cranial, caudal and anterior directions from baseline (0mm) to 5mm in 1mm increments, and along 30°, 45° and 60° cranial and caudal directions. These movement were performed using a custom-made device. The effect of hyoid position on upper airway patency was quantified using the upper airway closing pressure, Pclose (the negative pressure required to close the upper airway). On the basic premise that the more Pclose is negative, the less the upper airway is prone to collapse. Data were expressed as a change from baseline (0mm). Repeated measures ANOVA tests were performed to assess changes in key outcomes with hyoid displacement. Statistical significance was inferred for p <0.05.
The baseline Pclose before any hyoid repositioning was -3.55 ± 0.95 cmH2O (mean± SD). The anterior displacement of the hyoid resulted in the greatest decrease in Pclose amongst all directions (p=0.002). Pclose decreased progressively with each increment of anterior hyoid bone displacement, going down by 3.98 ± 1.31 cmH2O at 5mm. In contrast, when the hyoid was moved cranially or caudally, Pclose did not change from the initial baseline value (p= 0.723 and p=0.352 respectively). When the hyoid was moved in anterior-cranial 45° and anterior-caudal 45° directions, Pclose decreased significantly (p=0.001 and p=0.004 respectively) and at similar magnitudes to the anterior direction (p>0.05). Also, the anterior-cranial 60° and anterior-caudal 60° directions decreased Pclose by 3.81 ± 0.78 cmH2O and 4.29 ± 1.68 cmH2O respectively, which is similar to the improvement obtained with the anterior direction. The anterior-cranial 30° and anterior-caudal 30° improved Pclose to a lesser extent (2.22 ± 0.58 cmH2O and 2.73 ± 0.85 cmH2O respectively).
This is the first study to quantitatively examine the influence of hyoid bone position on upper airway patency. Study outcomes suggest that hyoid surgical interventions for OSA treatment and possibly mandibular advancement oral appliances should focus on increasing the amplitude of anterior hyoid repositioning as a main contributor to improved upper airway patency
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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