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Percorso di Ortopedia e Traumatologia: 2. parte: Corso vie d'accesso in Traumatologia Veterinaria
No full textCorso SITOV. Vie d’accesso per la terapia delle malattie ortopediche dell’arto toracico nel cane.
No full text
56° Congresso annuale AIVPA (AIVPA LVI Annual Conference): Malattie ortopediche nel cucciolo e alterazioni dello sviluppo scheletrico
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of short- and long-term outcomes of different treatments adopted for elbow medial compartment disease
No full textMedial compartment disease is a common disorder in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia [1, 2]. Despite many
treatments suggested in the literature, only few studies report comparative outcomes in the short and long term [1, 3-5]. This study reports and compares short- and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs treated for
medial compartment disease (MCD) by distal dynamic ulnar ostectomy (DUO), bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (BODPUO) and conservative management (CM). In this study, medium to large breed dogs, aged between
5 and 12 months, affected by uni/bilateral MCD and treated by DUO, BODPUO or CM from 2016 to 2018, were enrolled and followed up for 24 months. Orthopedic and radiographic examinations were performed at 0 (T0), 2 (T2), 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) months after treatment. Lameness score, elbow arthralgia, elbow range of motion
(ROM), osteoarthritis (OA) score and percentage of ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis (%STS) [6] were evaluated at each time point. Dogs were divided into three groups according to the treatment performed: DUO, BODPUO and CM.
Forty-five elbows from 26 dogs, treated with DUO (n=17), BODPUO (n=17) or CM (n=11), were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled in the CM group were older and showed more severe radiographic signs of OA compared to those enrolled in the other two groups.
Lameness and elbow arthralgia scores, ROM, OA score and %STS were compared between groups and between different time points within each group. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Lameness (DUO p=0.0018; BODPUO p<0.0001) and arthralgia (DUO, BODPUO p<0.0001) scores were significantly decreased in patients that
underwent surgical treatments and increased in patients managed conservatively (lameness p<0.0001; arthralgia p=0.3068) at T12 and T24, but not statistically significant difference was detected at short-term evaluation (T2) within each group compared with preoperative values. OA score (DUO, BODPUO, CM p<0.0001) and ROM worsened
in every study group (DUO, CM p<0.0001; BODPUO p=0.0740), but %STS decrease in DUO (p=0.0108), increase in
the CM group (p=0.0025) and remaind unchanged in the BODPUO group (p=0.2740) at T12 and T24. In particular, in DUO group, %STS significantly decreased at each time point (T2 p=0.0373, T12 p=0.0018, T24 p=0.0039) compared with preoperative values.
This study supports the clinical efficacy of DUO and BODPUO in reducing lameness, arthralgia and progression
of %STS. Early diagnosis and surgical attention in patients affected by MCD can improve the short- and long-therm
outcome and reduce the progression of secondary changes
Sonoelastography of canine patellar tendon: feasibility, repeatability and reproducibility.
No full textINTRODUCTION
Sonoelastography (EUS) is a recent ultrasound technique for the evaluation of tissue elasticity and the me- chanical properties of tissues by estimating their strain, defined as the fractional change in length of a tissue when an external force is applied.
Nowadays in veterinary medicine, there are only few publications about the use of EUS for the assessment of abdominal tissues in cat and dogs and musculoskeletal system in horses. The aims of the present study were to describe the sonoelastographic characteristic of the patellar tendon in clinical healthy dogs, to in- vestigate if EUS is a feasible, repeatable and reproducible technique for the evaluation of the patellar ten- don and to establish the normal pattern at EUS of the patellar tendon in healthy dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fourteen dogs were considered in this prospective study. Each dog enrolled, had a normal physical and or- thopaedic examination, a normal blood workup and a normal B-mode patellar tendon ultrasonographic ex- amination in both legs.
EUS was performed without sedation by two different operators: a well-trained ultrasonographer and a sen- ior student. For EUS dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with the knee in maximal passive flexion. EUS images were obtained by applying light rhythmic pressure with the probe. Only longitudinal sections were acquired, and the operators evaluated each patellar tendon twice. Investigation was made blindly and each operator was not aware about the results of the acquisition of the other operator.
Ultrasonographic and sonoelastographic evaluation were carried out using an Esaote My LabTMClass C ul- trasound machine equipped with a 12-18 MHz linear transducer. For the EUS evaluation was used the ESAOTE ElaXto software.
Only images without artifacts were evaluated. Subsequently ROIs were drawn in the central area of the ten- don, in order to measure the softness of the tissue (Elx-t%sft, the percentage of softness of the tissue in the ROI).
Categorical, qualitative data analysis was performed using a weighted kappa statistic for repeated evalua- tions by the same (repeatability) and by a different observer (reproducibility). A categorical qualitative as- sessment was performed based on a grading scale of 1–5 (1 = soft; 2 = mostly soft; 3 = intermediate; 4 = mostly hard; 5 = hard), where tissue stiffness was depicted by a color scale (blue = hard, red = soft, green=intermediate). Values were assigned as follows; Elx-t%sft > 70% = 1, 50% < Elx-t%sft < 70% = 2, 30% < Elx-t%sft < 50% = 3, 20% < Elx-t%sft < 30% = 4, Elx-t%sft < 20% = 5. Percentages of concordant observations were given for comparison.
RESULTS
Qualitatively, all the 28 patellar tendons evaluated were predominantly red (soft), with a mean +/- SD Elx- t%sft of 94.9% +/-9.3, while the peritendinous tissue was mostly green (intermediate). The overlying dermal layer appeared mostly blue (hard), while the underlying fat pad was mostly green (intermediate) with red (soft) striations. Overall, 89.3% of the patellar tendons were graded as soft or mostly soft, whilst the re- maining 10.7% were classified as intermediate.
Repeatability was 86.2%, with a weighted kappa of 0.64 (good), for the well-trained sonographer and 83.3%, with a weighted kappa of 0.53 (moderate), for the senior student. Reproducibility was 86.2%, with a weighed kappa of 0.65 (good).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that EUS is a feasible imaging modality to evaluate tissue strain and soft- ness/stiffness in the patellar tendon in dogs. Similarly to the patellar tendon in humans, the normal canine patellar tendon showed a highly soft and homogeneous elastogram. The semi-quantitative analysis demon- strated that EUS was moderately repeatable and reproducible.
In conclusion, EUS could be useful in the evaluation of the canine patellar tendon in dogs. More studies are needed in dogs with patellar tendon anomalies, such as injuries, thickening and tendinosis.
REFERENCES
Porta F, Damjanov N, Galluccio F et al. (2014): Ultrasound elastography is a reproducible and feasible tool for the eval- uation of the patellar tendon in healthy subjects. International journal of Rheumatic diseases; 17:762-766.
White J, Gay J, Farnsworth R et al. (2014): Ultrasound elastography of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in clinically normal cats. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound; 55:428-434.
Lustgarten M, Redding WR, Labens R et al. (2014): Elastographic charateristics of the metacarpal tendon in horses with- out clinical evidence of tendon injury. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound; 55:92-101.
Jeon S, Lee G, Lee SK et al. (2015): Ultrasonographic elastography of the liver, spleen, kidneys and prostate in clinical- ly nor-mal beagle dogs [corrected]. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound; 56:425-431
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in femoral-sciatic nerve blocks in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO)
No full textThe aim of this randomized, prospective clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine com bined with bupivacaine on sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in dogs. Thirty dogs were selected for elective
unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, and each subject was assigned randomly to receive perineural
bupivacaine 0.5% (0.1 mL/kg) and intramuscular dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) in the BDs group, perineural
bupivacaine 0.5% (0.1 mL/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) in the BDloc group, and perineural bupiva caine 0.5% (0.1 mL/kg) plus intramuscular administration of saline solution the in Bupi group. Nerve blocks
were guided by electrolocation. The main intraoperative parameters were registered 10 min before the start of
surgery (BASE) and during the skin incision (SKIN), the osteotomy (BONE) and the suture (SUTURE). At 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 15, 20 and 24 h after blocks, the Glasgow Composite Pain scale (GPCs) was used to identify the degree of
pain during the postoperative period. Patients with scores ≥5/20 received rescue analgesia and were excluded.
Furthermore, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, footstep capacity, reaction to wound touch and femoral and
sciatic skin sensitivity were registered. Parametric data were compared at each time point of the study with the
one-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Fisher's test for yes/no variables analysis (p < 0.05). No subject
required intraoperative rescue analgesia. In BDloc group, the GCPs score was <5/20 for all dogs at all times of
the study, and 70% of dogs did not need systemic analgesia. In the Bupi and BDs groups, 100% of subjects
achieved a score ≥ 5/20 between 8 and 10 h after the blocks, and 100% of subjects showed femoral and sciatic
skin sensitivity and required rescue analgesia within 10 h. Our results showed that the addition of dexmede tomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in S–F blocks may prolong the sensory block and ensure sufficient
analgesia for up to 24 h in dogs undergoing TPLO surgery
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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