1,721,001 research outputs found
High-intensity treadmill training improves gait ability, VO2peak and cost of walking in stroke survivors: preliminary results of a pilot randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability across the globe. Previous studies have demonstrated the trainability of stroke survivors and documented beneficial effects of aerobic exercises on cardiovascular fitness and gait ability. AIM: The main aim of this study was to compare the effects of a high-intensity treadmill training (HITT) against low-intensity treadmill training (LITT) on gait ability, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness and cost of walking in chronic stroke subjects. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled pilot study. SETTING: Patients were recruited among Neurorehabilitation Unit outpatient. POPULATION: The sample was composed of 16 subjects suffering from chronic stroke. METHODS: Subjects were enrolled and randomly allocated either in the HITT (n=8) or in the LITT (n=8). Both groups performed 3-month training, 3 times per week. Subjects were evaluated before starting the training and after the end of the training by mean of clinical scales (Six Minute Walk Test, Ten Meter Walk Test, Health Survey Questionnaire SF-36, Stroke Impact Scale) and instrumental tests (Gait analysis, V02peak and Walking Energy Cost). RESULTS: Fifteen subjects completed the study and no dropouts were observed. One patient in the LITT refused to initiate the training. The HITT group produced greater improvements than LITT group on the Six Minute Walk Test (HITT: 644 meters, LITT: 6 meters; p=0.005) and Ten Meter Walk Test performances (HITT: -1,7 seconds, LITT: 0,6 seconds; p=0.007), stride length (HITT: 3,3 centimetres, LITT: 0,4 centimetres, p=0.003), step length non-paretic side (HITT: 0,5 centimetres, LITT: 2,4 centimetres, p=0.008), step length paretic side (HITT: 1,8 centimetres, LITT: 0,7 centimetres, p=0.004), cadence (HITT: 1,6 step/minute, LITT: 0,6 step/minute, p=0.021) and symmetry ratio (HITT: 0,04, LITT: 0,01, p=0.004), V02peak (HITT: 4,6 ml/kg/min, LITT: 0,87 ml/kg/min; p=0.015) and Walking Energy Cost at 100% of self-selected speed (HITT: -30,8 ml/kg*km, LITT: -20,5 ml/kg*km; p=0.021). Significant changes were found on Six Minute Walk Test (p=0.012) and Ten Meter Walk Test (p=0.042) performances, spatio-temporal gait parameters (stride length p=0.011, step length paretic side p=0.012, cadence p=0.037 and symmetry ratio p=0.012), VO2peak (p=0.025) and cost of walking at 100% of self-selected speed (p=0.018) in the HITT group. In the LITT no significant results were observed. CONCLUSION: HITT could be considered a feasible training and led to improvement in gait ability and enhanced VO2peak and reduction in cost of walking compared to LITT. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Chronic stroke survivors should be encouraged to engage regular aerobic treadmill training at medium/high intensity. HITT is safe and feasible and has positive effects on gait ability, cardiovascular fitness and cost of walking in subjects with stroke in chronic phase
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Scrittura senza frontiere: uno studio cross-nazionale sulla performance nell'Haid-Bonatti 1-20-r (HABO 1-20-R) in adulti austriaci ed italiani,
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Pathophysiology of corticobasal degeneration: Insights from neurophysiological studies
No full textBACKGROUND: Several studies have applied electrophysiological techniques to physiologically characterize corticobasal degeneration (CBD). METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of these studies and reviewed all 25 identified articles. RESULTS: Conventional electroencephalography (EEG) is usually normal even in the late stages of disease. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) with spectral analysis revealed mainly lateralized abnormalities, such as an increase of slow wave activity and occasionally the occurrence of sharp waves, and a significant increase of coherence between left parietal-right premotor areas. CBD patients generally have long latency reflexes (LLR) with shorter latencies than in the classic cortical reflex myoclonus observed in progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) showed reduced amplitude of the N20-P25 component. These abnormalities may reflect dysfunction of sensory projections to the motor cortex, while the localized parietal cortical damage is thought to be a pivotal factor for the absence of giant SEPs in these patients. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) revealed asymmetric intracortical disinhibition and asymmetric maps organization; an impaired transcallosal pathways function correlates with the atrophy of the corpus callosum. These findings suggest a pathologic hyperexcitability of the motor cortex, due to a loss of inhibitory input from the sensory cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Neurophysiological techniques, in combination with neuroimaging studies, may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CBD. A better understanding of the disease processes may help clinicians to make a more accurate and early diagnosis. TMS, SEP, LLR, and co-evaluation of EEG and EMG can aid the in differentiation between CBD and other parkinsonism syndromes
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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