1,720,986 research outputs found
Data collection from very low birthweight infants in a geographical region: Methods, costs, and trends in mortality, admission rates, and resource utilisation over a five-year period
No full textAims: 1. To determine the survival and morbidity of infants at discharge with a birthweight of less than 1500 g in the geographically defined population of East Anglia. 2. To demonstrate a cost-effective method of regional data collection. 3. To determine whether there were any changes in the demand for neonatal care. Study design and subjects: A prospective cohort analysis using a single database to collect data on 1244 very low birthweight infants from eight neonatal units in one Region from 1993 to 1997. Results: Estimated ascertainment of VLBW infants to the study was 96%. Over the 5 years survival rates were stable (75-79%). 52% of deaths in infants admitted for neonatal care occurred on day 1, with just 15% of deaths occurring after 28 days of life. Mortality risk significantly decreased with increasing gestational age at birth. Compared to 22-25-week old infants, the mortality risk decreased by 65% for 26-27-week old infants (OR 0.35 95% CI (0.21, 0.59)) and by 92% for 32-39-week old infants (OR 0.08 95% CI (0.03, 0.21)) with intermediate odds ratios of 0.22 (0.12, 0.42) and 0.13 (0.06, 0.28) for the 28-29 and 30-39 weeks gestation, respectively. Higher birthweight, after adjusting for gestation also decreased the mortality risk (OR 0.78 per 100 g difference, 95% CI (0.71, 0.86)). No change was seen in the number of extremely preterm infants admitted for intensive care or resource utilisation, although a significant increase was seen in the number of infants dying in delivery rooms. There was a reduction in the reported incidence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (10-4%) but no change in the number of ventilation days or the rate of chronic lung disease. The mean maternal age increased from 27.7 years to 28.9 years during the study. Maternal steroid administration increased (30% to 59%) and was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31-0.62). Conclusions: It is possible to collect useful data from the neonatal period at a reasonable cost from a geographically defined population. This information was used for informing clinicians, counselling parents and in the era of managed clinical networks will be useful in guiding the provision of effective health care resources.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessment of developmental delay
No full textThis chapter contains sections titled: Background; Framing answerable clinical questions; Searching for evidence; Critical appraisal of the evidence; Future research needs.<br/
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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