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Serum levels of obestatin and ghrelin in children with clinical symptoms indicative of gastroparesis
No full textGhrelin and obestatin are peptides secreted by the stomach. The gene of human ghrelin is located on chromosome 3p26-p25 and encodes a polypeptide called preproghrelin which undergoes a stepwise proteolytic cleavage generating ghrelin and subsequently obestatin. Ghrelin (GHR) is orexigenic and promotes gastrointestinal (GI) motility whereas obestatin (OB) exerts anorexigenic effects, decelerates gastric emptying time and small bowel activity and reduces body weight.Early satiety, bloating, nausea and vomiting are symptoms frequently encountered in pediatrics; delayed gastric emptying time (GET) has been implicated as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism for the abovementioned symptoms.We hypothesized that GHR and OB are implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis (i.e. delayed GET in the absence of mechanical gastric outlet obstruction) in children presenting with symptoms of delayed GET that persist >6 months and for which no cause was identified.We conducted a cross-sectional, case-control study to determine pre- and post-prandial serum levels of total ghrelin and obestatin along with gastric emptying time (GET) in children with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis, which were not attributable to any identifiable cause. The aim of this study was to assess GET as well as pre- and post-prandial levels of GHR and OB and examine their association.Nine of the out of 20 patients had delayed GET. Pre-prandial ghrelin and obestatin were significantly higher compared to controls. Post-prandial ghrelin was significantly decreased in the subgroup of patients with delayed GET. In conclusion gastric emptying time was found to be frequently delayed and obestatin and ghrelin were deranged in children with symptoms indicative of delayed GET of unexplained etiologyΗ γκρελίνη (GHR) και η ομπεστατίνη (OB) αποτελούν γαστρεντερικά πεπτίδια του άξονα γαστρεντερικό - εγκέφαλος τα οποία εκκρίνονται από το στόμαχο. Το γονίδιο της ανθρώπινης γκρελίνης εντοπίζεται στο χρωμόσωμα 3p26-p25 και κωδικοποιεί ένα πολυπεπτίδιο την πρε-προ- γκρελίνη. Η πρε-προ- γκρελίνη υφίσταται σταδιακή διάσπαση του μορίου της (πρωτεόλυση) από την οποία προκύπτουν τόσο η γκρελίνη όσο και η ομπεστατίνη. Η γκρελίνη έχει ορεξιογόνες ιδιότητες και αυξάνει την κινητικότητα του πεπτικού συστήματος, ενώ η ομπεστατίνη ασκεί ανορεξιογόνο δράση, ελαττώνει το σωματικό βάρος και επιβραδύνει το χρόνο γαστρικής κένωσης καθώς και την κινητικότητα του λεπτού εντέρου.Ο πρώιμος κορεσμός, το αίσθημα μεταγευματικής πληρότητας, η ναυτία και οι έμετοι αποτελούν συμπτώματα συχνά απαντούμενα στην Παιδιατρική. Ο καθυστερημένος χρόνος γαστρικής κένωσης έχει προταθεί ως πιθανός παθοφυσιολογικός μηχανισμός πρόκλησης των ανωτέρω συμπτωμάτων.Στην παρούσα μελέτη υποθέσαμε ότι ο χρόνος γαστρικής κένωσης είναι παρατεταμένος και ότι τα ολικά επίπεδα ορού γκρελίνης και ομπεστατίνης είναι διαταραγμένα σε παιδιατρικούς ασθενείς με επίμονα (διάρκεια >6 μήνες) δυσπεπτικά συμπτώματα ενδεικτικά γαστροπάρεσης τα οποία παρέμειναν ασαφούς αιτιολογίας παρά την εκτεταμένη κλινικο-εργαστηρική διερεύνηση.Για να ελέγξουμε την υπόθεση αυτή προσδιορίσαμε σπινθηρογραφικά το χρόνο γαστρικής κένωσης καθώς και τα προ- και μεταγευματικά επίπεδα ολικής γκρελίνης και ομπεστατίνης με την ποσοτική μέθοδο RIA στην ανωτέρω ομάδα παιδιατρικών αθενών.Εννέα από τους 20 ασθενείς είχαν παρατεταμένο χρόνο γαστρικής κένωσης. Τα προγευματικά επίπεδα γκρελίνης και ομπεστατίνης ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερα στους ασθενείς συγκριτικά με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Τα μεταγευματικά επίπεδα γκρελίνης ήταν σημαντικά ελαττωμένα στους ασθενείς εκείνους οι οποίοι είχαν παρατεταμένο χρόνο γαστρικής κένωσης.Συμπερασματικά ο χρόνος γαστρικής κένωσης είναι συχνά παρατεταμένος και τα επίπεδα γκρελίνης και ομπεστατίνης διαταραγμένα σε παιδιά με ανεξήγητα δυσπεπτικά συμπτώματα ενδεικτικά γαστροπάρεσης
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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