1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rescue and vegetative propagation of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum
Full text linkEstudos relacionados com resgate e propagação vegetativa de espécies arbóreas nativas da Amazônia podem fornecer informações importantes para o estabelecimento da silvicultura clonal. Dentre as espécies arbóreas da Amazônia com expectativa para o estabelecimento da silvicultura clonal, pode-se citar a Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). Contudo, ainda é incipiente o conhecimento sobre a eficiência de técnicas para essa espécie que visam ao revigoramento e/ou rejuvenescimento, resgate e propagação clonal de materiais superiores. Portanto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta do paricá e eficiência da aplicação das técnicas de decepa, enxertia, mergulhia de cepa e estaquia direta a campo. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos. Capítulo I: sazonalidade e altura de decepa na indução de brotações epicórmicas de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). Neste estudo, foram selecionadas árvores de paricá de cinco anos de idade e decepadas com corte do fuste em três alturas (0 = nível do colo; 10 cm de altura a partir do colo; e 30 cm de altura a partir do colo), sendo avaliadas as emissões de brotações epicórmicas em duas estações do ano (EC = estação chuvosa de dezembro a junho e; ES = estação seca de julho a novembro). Capítulo II: Resgate vegetativo de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá) via enxertia de campo e mergulhia de cepa. Para o experimento de enxertia, os tratamentos foram dois diâmetros de enxertos obtidos a partir de brotações basais induzidas pela decepa de árvores de paricá com cinco anos de idade. O tipo de enxertia aplicada foi a garfagem em fenda cheia, sendo realizada em porta-enxertos seminais produzidos via semeadura direta no campo. Quanto ao experimento de mergulhia de cepa, os tratamentos foram cinco doses de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), aplicadas na região anelada de brotações oriundas de cepas de paricá, realizando-se em seguida a amontoa com solo do entorno da cepa até 15 cm acima da parte anelada. Capítulo III: Propagação vegetativa de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá) via estaquia direta a campo. No experimento 1, o primeiro fator foi a redução foliar (SF = sem folha; PF = um par de folíolos; e FI = uma folha inteira). Para o experimento 2, o primeiro fator foi o uso de filme de parafina (sem e com Parafilm ® ). Para ambos os experimentos, o segundo fator foi as doses de AIB. As técnicas de decepa, enxertia e mergulhia de cepa de paricá demonstraram-se potenciais para a indução de brotações epicórmicas, rejuvenescimento e resgate vegetativo de árvores com cinco anos de idade. A técnica de estaquia direta a campo de paricá não obteve pleno êxito, visto que a maioria das estacas não sobreviveu no final do período de avaliação, indicando a necessidade de uso de mais tecnologias e remodelação para buscar compreender e atender as peculiaridades da espécie. Palavras-chave: Silvicultura clonal. Enxertia. Estaquia. Mergulhia. Paricá.Studies related to vegetative rescue and propagation of Amazon native tree species can provide important information for the establishment of clonal forestry. Among the Amazon tree species with expectation for the establishment of clonal silviculture, we can mention Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). However, knowledge about the efficiency of techniques for this species that aim at reinvigoration and/or rejuvenation, rescue and clonal propagation of superior materials is still incipient. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the response of paricá and the efficiency of the application of the techniques of coppicing, grafting, mound layering and direct cutting to field. The work was divided into three chapters. Chapter I: Seasonality and height of coppicing in the induction of epicormic shoots of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá). In this study, five-year-old trees were selected and cut with a cut of the stem at the three height of coppicing (0 = root collar; 10 cm height from root collar; and 30 cm height from root collar), being evaluated the emission of epicormic shoots in two seasons (EC = rainy season from December to June and; ES = dry season from July to November). Chapter II: Vegetative rescue of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via field grafting and mound layering. For the grafting experiment, the treatments were two graft diameters obtained from basal shoots induced by the cutting of five-year-old paricá trees. Grafting type applied the cleft grafting, being carried out on rootstocks produced via direct sowing in the field. As for the mound layering experimente, the treatments were of five doses of indolebutyric acid (IBA), applied in the girdling region of shoots from paricá stump, taking place afterwards, heaped with soil the stump, covering 15 cm above the girdling. Chapter III: Vegetative propagation of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via direct cutting. In experiment 1, the first factor was leaf reduction (SF = no leaf; PF = one pair of leaflets; and FI = one whole leaf). For experiment 2, the first factor was the use of paraffin film (with and without Parafilm ® ). For both experiments, the second factor was the doses of IBA. The techniques of coppicing, grafting and mound layering of the paricá proved to be potential for the induction of epicormic shoots, rejuvenation and vegetative rescue of trees with five years old. The direct cutting technique in the paricá field was not completely successful, as the cuttings did not survive at the end of the evaluation period, indicating the need to use more technologies and remodeling in order to understand and meet the peculiarities of the species. Keywords: Clonal forestry. Cuttings. Grafting. Layering technique. Paricá
Technical and economic analysis of paricá cultivation in agrisilvicultural system
No full textEm sistemas agroflorestais as práticas de manejo do solo devem ser definidas visando beneficiar todas as culturas do sistema. Informações sobre o efeito de práticas, tais como preparo do solo, controle fitossanitário e manejo de fertilizantes e inoculantes, no crescimento e rentabilidade do paricá são incipientes, gerando incertezas no planejamento e na implementação das mesmas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e produção, a rentabilidade e o risco de investimento do cultivo de paricá em sistema agroflorestal com soja/milho em função de práticas de subsolagem, adubação, inoculação, no município de Ulianópolis, Pará. O experimento foi instalado em um sistema composto por paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby) em espaçamento 5 x 2 m, consorciado com soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), no primeiro ano, e milho (Zea mays L.) no segundo. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos, sendo: T1 - subsolagem + adubação de base + adubação de cobertura + inoculação + consórcio com soja/milho; nos tratamentos T2, T3, T4 e T5 foram aplicadas as mesmas práticas de manejo do solo do T1, exceto subsolagem (T2), adubação de base (T3), adubação de cobertura (T4) e inoculação (T5); o T6 foi a testemunha com ausência das práticas de manejo do solo citadas. As medições de diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura (dap) e altura total (ht) das árvores e avaliação da sobrevivência (%) foram realizadas aos 8, 22 e 36 meses de idade. Aos 36 meses, foram abatidas e cubadas seis árvores-amostra por classe de diâmetro e ajustados modelos para estimativas de crescimento e volume de madeira. Para análise econômica foi considerado horizonte de planejamento de cinco anos, taxa de juros de 6,75% a.a. e os métodos de avaliação VPL (Valor Presente Líquido), VAE (Valor Anual Equivalente), CMP (Custo Médio de Produção de madeira), Razão B/C (Benefício/Custo) e VET (Valor Esperado da Terra), incluindo análises de riscos de investimentos. Aos 8, 22 e 36 meses, foram verificadas maiores taxas de sobrevivência de plantas nos tratamentos T2, T3 e T4 e menores nos T1, T5 e T6. Os testes de identidade de modelos de volume aplicados para as combinações de tratamentos T1+T3, T3+T4 e para todas combinações com T5 e T6 indicam diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre esses tratamentos. O crescimento em dap, ht e volume do paricá durante o período do consórcio com soja/milho foi superior no T2 e T6, sendo os menores valores observados nas plantas do T1 e T5. Entretanto, com a projeção do crescimento em dap e volume em idades futuras, verificou-se tendências de crescimento superior paras as plantas do T6 e recuperação de crescimento das plantas nos tratamentos T1 e T5. A tendência de crescimento em ht e volume nas idades futuras demonstra desaceleração de crescimento para as plantas do T2, após o período de consórcio com soja/milho. A taxa de sobrevivência pode ter sido fator decisivo para o crescimento do paricá nos tratamentos. Nos tratamentos em que foram verificadas as maiores taxas de sobrevivência (T2, T3 e T4) infere-se que houve maior competição entre plantas, prejudicando o crescimento em dap e volume. Por outro lado, as plantas dos tratamentos em que foram observadas as menores taxas de sobrevivência (T1, T5 e T6), tiveram maior espaço para crescimento, que pode ter sido determinante para o crescimento em dap e volume. O crescimento e a produção do paricá foram influenciados pelas práticas de manejo solo, porém seu uma tendência de resposta bem definida, provavelmente diante a boa fertilidade do solo decorrente de tratos culturais aplicados aos cultivos agrícolas realizados anteriormente na área experimental. A tendência de maior crescimento na ausência de consórcio soja/milho indica que a competição exerceu maior influência que as práticas de manejo do solo. Os resultados do VPL, VAE, CMP, Razão B/C e VET indicam que todos os tratamentos apresentam viabilidade econômica. A distribuição de probabilidade do VPL não tem tendência acentuada e indica risco inexistente de VPL zero ou negativo em todas as simulações realizadas. Na análise de sensibilidade, em todos os tratamentos, o custo, preço e produção de madeira em pé de paricá foram as variáveis que mais influenciaram o VPL. As culturas da soja e milho em consórcio com paricá possibilitam amortizar os custos dos dois primeiros anos do sistema.In agroforestry systems, soil management practices should be defined aiming to benefit all crops in the system. Information on the effect of practices, such as soil preparation, phytosanitary control and fertilizer and inoculant management, in the paricá growth and profitability are incipient, generating uncertainties in their planning and implementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield, profitability and investment risk of paricá cultivation in agroforestry system with soybean/maize in practices function of subsoiling, fertilization and inoculation in the municipality of Ulianópolis, Pará. The experiment was installed in system composed per paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby) in 5 x 2 m spacing, consortium with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), in the year first, and maize (Zea mays L.) in the second. Six treatments were evaluated: T1 - subsoiling + planting fertilization + coverage fertilization + inoculation + soybean/maize consortium; in the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 the same soil management practices of the T1 were applied, except subsoiling (T2), planting fertilization (T3), coverage fertilization (T4) and inoculation (T5); T6 was the witness with absence of the soil management practices cited. The measurements of diameter at 1.3 m in height (dbh) and total height (th) of trees and survival evaluation (%) were realized at 8, 22 and 36 months of age. At 36 months, six trees-sample were harvested and measured by diameter class and models adjusted for estimates of growth and volume of wood. For economic analysis was considered a planning horizon of five years, interest rate of 6.75% a.a. and the valuation methods NPV (Net Present Value), EAV (Equivalent Annual Value), ACP (Average Cost of Production of wood), ratio B/C (Benefit/Cost) and SET (Soil Expected Value), including investment risk analyzes. At 8, 22 and 36 months, higher plant survival rates were observed in treatments T2, T3 and T4 and lower in T1, T5 and T6 treatments. The model identity tests of volume applied to combinations of treatments T1+T3, T3+T4 and for all combinations with T5 and T6 indicate significant differences (p<0.05) between these treatments. Growth in dbh, th and volume of paricá during the consortium period soybean/maize was higher in T2 and T6, with the lowest values observed in T1 and T5 plants. However, with the projection of growth in dbh and volume in future ages, there were higher growth trends for T6 plants and recovery of plant growth in treatments T1 and T5. The growth trend in th and volume in the future ages shows a deceleration of growth for the T2 plants, after the consortium period with soybean/maize. The survival rate may have been a decisive factor for paricá growth in treatments. In the treatments with the highest survival rates (T2, T3 and T4), it was inferred that there was greater competition among plants, impairing growth in dbh and volume. On the other hand, the plants of the treatments in which the lowest survival rates (T1, T5 and T6) were observed, had more room for growth, which may have been determinant for the growth in dbh and volume. The growth and production of paricá were influenced by the soil management practices, but without tendency for a well defined response, probably due to the good fertility of the soil resulting from cultural treatments applied to agricultural crops previously carried out in the experimental area. The trend of higher growth in the absence of the soybean/maize consortium indicates that competition exerted greater influence than soil management practices. The results of NPV, EAV, ACP, Ratio B/C and SET indicate that all treatments are economically viable. The probability distribution of the NPV does not have a marked tendency and indicates a nonexistent risk of NPV zero or negative in all the simulations. In the sensitivity analysis, in all treatments, the cost, price and production of paricá standing wood were the variables that most influenced the NPV. Soybean and maize in consortium with paricá make it possible to amortize the costs of the first two years of the system.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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