1,354,134 research outputs found
Use of the Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI) to delineate species boundaries in the Neofusicoccum parvum-Neofusicoccum ribis species complex
No full textNeofusicoccum is a recently described genus of common endophytes and pathogens of woody hosts, previously placed in the genus Botryosphaeria. Many morphological characteristics routinely used to describe species overlap in Neofusicoccum, and prior to the use of molecular phylogenetics, isolates from different hosts and locations were often misidentified. Two cryptic species Neofusicoccum ribis and Neofusicoccum parvum were initially described from different continents and recently another four species within this complex were described using fixed nucleotide polymorphisms for differentiation. In a survey of eucalypt cankers in eastern Australia, a collection of morphologically similar Neofusicoccum isolates were obtained. This collection was analysed within the framework of the morphological (MSRC), ecological (ESRC) and phylogenetic (PSRC) species recognition concepts. Morphological data based on spore measurements (MSRC), together with pathogenicity trials (ESRC) were considered alongside molecular analysis (PSRC), which included multiple gene phylogenies constructed from four nuclear gene regions. We also used the Genealogical Sorting Index method to provide objective evidence for the status of terminal taxa in the phylogenetic analysis. The isolates examined exhibited overlapping morphological and culture characteristics, similar pathogenicity to excised stems and shared hosts within the same locations. Phylogenetic analysis separated isolates into 8 clades corresponding to six described species: N. ribis, N. parvum, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, Neofusicoccum cordaticola, Neofusicoccum umdonicola, Neofusicoccum batangarum, and two new species. GSI support indicated combined phylogenetic data were monophyletic for all clades and all p-values were significant allowing us to reject the null hypothesis that all groups were from a single mixed group. Consequently the description of Neofusicoccum occulatum is presented
Neofusicoccum occulatum Sakalidis & T. Burgess
No full text<i>Neofusicoccum occulatum</i> Sakalidis & T. Burgess (FIGURE. 2) <p> <b>Description:—</b> <i>Colony</i> on PDA superficial, grey, fluffy, irregular edge; reverse dark brown to black, with concentric rings, growth rate: 2.5 mm /day. <i>Colony</i> on WA was similar to that on PDA. <i>Vegetative mycelia</i> 2–4.5 μm diam, hyaline to brown, septate, smooth. <i>Conidiomata</i> found under mycelia, black, aggregated, irregular. <i>Conidia</i> (15–) 17.5 – 22 (–23) × (5–) 5.5 – 6 (–6.5) μm (<i>x</i> = 20 × 6 μm, L:W = 3.3), fusiform to ellipsoidal with obtuse apex, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, septate, with minute guttules.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:—</b> CHINA, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary institute, endophytic in the stem of <i>Dendrobium chrysanthum</i>, 11 April 2016, S. X. Zhou & X. Y. Ma, living culture, MFLUCC 20-0234.</p> <p> <b>Notes:—</b> Blast results for MFLUCC 20-0234 hit <i>Neofusicoccum ribis</i> (ITS, 100% similarity), <i>N. parvum</i> (<i> TUB 2</i> , 100% similarity) and <i>Neofusicoccum</i> sp. (EF-1α, 99% similarity). All sequences of MFLUCC 20-0234 are identical with those of CBS 128008 (<i>N. occulatum</i>), which is the type. Morphological characteristics of MFLUCC 20-0234 are the same as the type strain CBS 128008 and those of pathogenic strains isolated from <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. by Sakalidis et al (2011). Therefore, we identified our isolate as <i>Neofusicoccum occulatum</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Ma, Xiao-Ya, Hyde, Kevin D., Phillips, Alan J. L., Kang, Ji-Chuan, Chomnunti, Putarak & Doilom, Mingkwan, 2021, Three new host records of endophytic Neofusicoccum species reported from Dendrobium orchids, pp. 193-207 in Phytotaxa 494 (2)</i> on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5423392">http://zenodo.org/record/5423392</a>
Class III endophytes, clandestine movement amongst hosts and habitats and their potential for disease; a focus on Neofusicoccum australe
No full textNeofusicoccum australe is a class III endophyte characterised by a quiescent passive life phase and an active pathogenic life phase as a latent pathogen. The latter life stage has been observed worldwide for numerous woody horticultural hosts. In this study, we have re-evaluated GenBank ITSrDNA sequence data to establish the current host and geographical range of N. australe. Additionally, we have interrogated the diversity of N. australe in Australia using microsatellite markers to ascertain if there are any host or site preference for different genotypes. N. australe has a widespread distribution across ten countries and colonises 46 hosts from 18 plant families; mainly angiosperms, some coniferous species and one monocot. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITSrDNA sequence indicates there is a single dominant ITS genotype present in most locations and there are another 12 rare or moderately rare genotypes. Populations of N. australe in Australia appear to be highly diverse, and there is no discernable host or habitat restriction. The dominance of N. australe in native forest throughout the southwest of Western Australia, and its rarity elsewhere in native vegetation, while being common as a pathogen of horticultural hosts, suggests that this species is endemic to Western Australia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Investigation and analysis of taxonomic irregularities with the Botryosphaeriaceae
No full textMany members of Botryosphaeriaceae live as endophytes with a latent phase that can cause disease in native and non-native plant hosts around the world. The main Botryosphaeriaceae examined in this thesis included species in the Lasiodiplodia theobromae species complex, Neofusicoccum parvum-ribis species complex and Neofusicoccum australe. A combination of traditional morphology, pathogenicity trials, multiple gene phylogenies and microsatellite analyses were used to probe between and within species.
Within native bushland in the Kimberley, Western Australia, 13 taxa of the Botryosphaeriaceae were identified; Lasiodiplodia mahajangana was the most common species and was confirmed as a potentially significant pathogen of Adansonia gregorii. These fungi also colonised non-native Mangifera indica in the same region possibly displacing the exotic microflora of M. indica. Pathogenicity tests resulted in lesion development of mango fruit and excised stems.
Isolates in the N. parvum- ribis complex collected from eucalypt cankers in eastern Australia exhibited overlapping morphology and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis of four gene regions and application of the Genealogical Sorting Index to the same data set supported two new species. Consequently, the description of Neofusicoccum occulatum is presented. Neofusicoccum parvum has been recorded in 71 host species across six continents and 21 countries. Population data analysis of N. parvum populations reflects admixture and repeat introductions of new genetic material. No specific host associations were observed.
Evaluation of EF1-α molecular data amongst members of L. theobromae species complex suggests there are an additional four taxa and two potential hybrids. The 19 Lasiodiplodia taxa have been recorded in 56 host species, across six continents and 23 countries. Nine Lasiodiplodia taxa and one hybrid have been identified in Australia. Population analysis suggests the Kimberley populations are sexually reproducing with no discernable host restriction and display moderate genetic diversity.
Neofusicoccum australe is found across nine countries and 46 host species. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITSrDNA sequence identified a single dominant ITS haplotype found in most locations and another 12 rare to moderately rare haplotypes found in one to two locations. Using microsatellite markers, populations of N. australe were found to be highly diverse and there was no discernable host or habitat restriction. The dominance of N. australe in native forest throughout the southwest of Western Australia suggests that this species is endemic to this area.
The species studied in this thesis appear to be capable latent pathogens with no obvious restriction to host colonisation or habitat. Multiple species and multiple genotypes of one species can colonise small sections of a single host. Cryptic sympatric speciation is common despite no observable telomorphs. These species appear to be highly competitive and their endophytic life strategy appears to provide effective means for dissemination via asymptomatic host tissue, which could complicate quarantine efforts that typically rely on the visual presence of disease symptoms
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
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