3 research outputs found
Role of Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) in bedrock mapping; case study from industrial zone, Ain-Sokhna area, Egypt
No full textIn this study, eighteen compressional P-wave seismic refraction profiles survey was conducted on the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt, to map bedrock topography, which is vital information in foundation pole placement and design for large factory construction. The configuration of the seismic survey consists of 10 metres geophone intervals (12 and 24 channels) with a total survey length of 3150 metres survey length. The seismic compressional wave velocity distribution reveals three layers ranging from (400 to 1100 m/s), (1200 to 2000 m/s), and (2200 to 3500 m/s). According to the data, the first low-velocity layer represents unconsolidated Wadi sediments. The second layer, on the other hand, comprises consolidated Wadi sediments, while the third layer comprises fractured to intact sandstone bedrock. The thickness of the first layer is believed to be between 0.5 and 10 m, while the thickness of the second layer is between 8.5 and 25 m. Pseudo-3D model of velocity distribution was constructed, revealing the presence of several low-velocity zones at a depth ranging from 15 to 32 m. Then, the topography of the non-rippable sandstone rock mass was mapped utilizing 3-D model. Finally, the correlation between seismic refraction tomography (SRT) results and nearby well logging dataset drilled by the Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority (EGSMA) matched quite well. It may be inferred that, up to a depth of 15 to 32 metres, there is a high-velocity rock layer suitable for constructing deep foundations for multiple levels of the mega factory
Seismic data interpretation for hydrocarbon potential, for Safwa/Sabbar field, East Ghazalat onshore area, Abu Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt
No full textVirulence factors of Candida spp and molecular mechanisms of resistance to azoles expressed by Candida tropicalis
No full textIntroducción: Debido al panorama epidemiológico de la candidiasis producida por Candida tropicalis y la marcada resistencia generada hacia los azoles, se hace necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de la virulencia y mecanismos de resistencia a fármacos. Objetivo: Sintetizar los factores de virulencia de Candida spp. y los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a azoles expresados por Candida tropicalis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Pubmed y los manuscritos fueron seleccionados según los criterios de análisis crítico propuestos por el instrumento PRISMA. La pregunta orientadora de la búsqueda fue: ¿Cuáles son los factores de virulencia de Candida spp y los mecanismos de resistencia a los azoles expresados por la especie C.tropicalis? y los resultados se organizaron en dos categorías: Factores de virulencia de Candida spp y mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a azoles. Resultados: Los factores de virulencia de Candida spp. están representados por la producción de toxinas y enzimas, la formación de biopelículas, la modificación del medio ambiente, la filamentación y el crecimiento hifal; por otro lado, los mecanismos de resistencia a los azoles expresados por C.tropicalis están determinados principalmente por la sobreexpresión de los genes ERG11 y MDR1 y por mutaciones en el gen ERG11. Conclusiones: Los factores de virulencia son similares entre las distintas especies de Candida y los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a los azoles expresados por C. tropicalis se traducen fundamentalmente en una menor afinidad por la diana farmacológica y una menor concentración intracelular del fármaco.Introduction: Due to the epidemiological panorama of candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis and the marked resistance generated towards azoles, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of virulence and drug resistance mechanisms. Objective: To synthesize the virulence factors of Candida spp. and the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance expressed by Candida tropicalis. Materials and methods: The bibliographical search were conducted in the PubMed database and manuscripts were selected according to the critical analysis criteria proposed by the PRISMA instrument. The guiding question for the search was: What are the virulence factors of Candida spp, and the azole resistance mechanisms expressed by the species C. tropicalis? The results were organized into two categories: Virulence factors of Candida spp and molecular mechanisms of resistance to azoles. Results: The virulence factors of Candida spp. are represented by toxin and enzyme production, biofilm formation, environmental modification, filamentation, and hyphal growth. The mechanisms of resistance to azoles expressed by C. tropicalis are mainly determined by overexpression of the ERG11 and MDR1 genes and by mutations in the ERG11 gene. Conclusion: Virulence factors are similar among Candida species and the molecular mechanisms of resistance to azoles expressed by C. tropicalis fundamentally result in decreased affinity for the pharmacological target and lower intracellular concentration of the drug
