1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mechanistic Insights into Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Processes: Protein Unfolding and Aggregation, DNA Nanomechanics, and Drug Delivery
No full textBiophysics has seen unprecedented progress, applying concepts from physics to study intriguing biological phenomena. Further advances in this field require fundamental understanding of various processes at the nanoscale and development of appropriate methods and models for different applications. Molecular simulation is playing an ever-increasing role for these purposes.
In this thesis, I have examined the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of various biomolecules of interest using molecular simulation and theoretical modeling. The thesis is organized as follows. In the 1st chapter, I briefly introduce various bioactive molecules and relevant biological phenomena. The 2nd chapter consists of detailed descriptions of simulation methodologies and theoretical frameworks. These include classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, advanced sampling techniques for free energy calculations, and various entropy calculation methods.
In chapter 3, we propose a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based drug-delivery method. One of the major challenges of nanomedicine and gene therapy is the effective delivery of drugs and genes across cell membranes. Generally, bioactive molecules used as drugs or drug-delivery vehicles cannot passively pass through the cell membrane due to the high penalty associated with membrane rupture. We show via MD simulations that molecules of various shapes, sizes and chemistries can spontaneously enter a membrane-spanning CNT nanopore. We study the thermodynamics of entry of several molecules of interest, such as dendrimers, asiRNA, ssDNA and ubiquitin protein. We show that another free CNT can spontaneously enter the CNT nanopore and eject the encapsulated molecule out of the nanopore. In this way, a macromolecule can be translocated across the cell membrane. We also verify the thermodynamic feasibility of the proposed method. This method should work for other molecules as well, and hence could be potentially useful for drug-delivery applications.
The fourth chapter deals with the understanding of complex force-dependent protein unfolding kinetics. For some proteins, e.g., ubiquitin, the unfolding rate at very low forces doesn't vary much up to a critical force, after which the rate increases exponentially by increasing the force further. This crossover in the unfolding rate can be due to one of the following two scenarios. First, there are two unfolding pathways for the protein and pathway-switch occurs after the critical force. Second, the unfolding pathway can change continuously due to force-dependent modifications in the free-energy landscape. By performing nonequilibrium MD simulations of ubiquitin at forces ranging 20–800 pN, we find a crossover in the unfolding rate and show that the crossover is due
to the second scenario. We rationalize the results by using multidimensional transition state theory. The findings from this chapter will have implications in understanding the folding/unfolding kinetics of protein which is one of the outstanding problems of the current century.
In the 5th chapter, we decipher the molecular mechanism and thermodynamic driving force for lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase behavior of the aqueous solution of proteins induced by multivalent ions, observed recently in experiments. LCST phase behavior manifests itself as phase separation of the protein–salt solution upon heating. This has been attributed to entropy effects. We use MD simulation along with the two-phase thermodynamic method for entropy calculation. Our simulations reveal two key steps that help in explaining the LCST phase behavior. First, the cations binding to the protein: this requires the release of tightly bound water molecules from the solvation shells of cations and partial desolvation of the protein surface residues, which are indeed entropy driven. Second, the protein-bound cations attract other proteins present in the solution, whose binding is again entropy driven, resulting in LCST behavior. By performing series of simulations of protein in chloride solutions of various cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Y3+), at temperatures ranging 283–323 K, we suggest that multivalent cation binding to any negatively charged surface can be entropy driven. These findings have direct implications for tuning the phase behavior of soft matter systems, such as reentrant condensation and protein crystallization. In a broader context, molecular-level understanding of interactions of heavy metals—usually not found in healthy cells—with different biomolecules can provide insights for carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity induced by exposure to such environmental contaminants.
In chapter 6, we provide a molecular-level understanding of how intercalation of a drug affects DNA mechanics. Most of the anticancer drugs are known to intercalate in-between two consecutive base-pairs of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). These DNA-intercalators are believed to hinder DNA replication and transcription, eventually leading to cell death—thus acting as anticancer drugs. We probe, using MD simulations, change in the mechanical properties of the intercalated drug–DNA complexes for two intercalators, daunomycin and ethidium. We find that, upon drug intercalation, the persistence length and bending modulus of dsDNA don’t change significantly, whereas its stretch modulus increases by as much as 65%. Steered MD simulations also reveal that it requires higher forces to stretch the drug-intercalated dsDNA complexes than the bare dsDNA. Adopting various pulling protocols to study force-induced DNA melting, we find that dissociation of the dsDNA complex becomes difficult in the presence of intercalators. The results obtained here provide a plausible mechanism of action of the anticancer drugs—i.e., via modifying the mechanical properties of DNA.
Finally, in chapter 7, I summarize all the results with concluding remarks and future outlook
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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