1,720,989 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Epidemiology
No full textThe chapter will introduce the principles and practice of epidemiology. It begins by defining epidemiology and related definitions such as outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. It outlines the history of epidemiology including the work of Hippocrates, John Graunt and Dr John Snow and explains some of the most common measures of disease and death such as mortality and morbidity rates. It discusses how epidemiologists try to establish ‘cause and effect’, by identifying associations between health exposures and outcomes such as diseases. The chapter describes observational and experimental epidemiological research study designs with some of their strengths and limitations. These include cross-sectional studies, case reports and case series, ecological studies, cohort studies, case control studies, clinical trials and community trials. Finally, the chapter discusses screening tests and the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value as one example of the many nuances that need to be considered when presenting epidemiological data
Teenage pregnancy – a social problem or public health issue?
Full text linkTeenage pregnancy is a global problem occurring in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Also known as adolescent pregnancy, teenage pregnancy is defined as a public health as well as social problem. Teenage pregnancy is not a new phenomenon and historically early marriage and having babies at younger age are considered as a social norm in several cultures. Evidence suggests that the UK teenage pregnancy rates are the highest in Western Europe and second only to the US in the developed world. As such, in this chapter, social, cultural, environmental and health dimensions of teenage pregnancy are covered bearing in mind that teenage pregnancy is not concentrated in one section of a society. The chapter demonstrates different dimensions of an individual life affected by her/his social settings and environment at micro and macro levels can have negative effects on teenagers’ sexual health outcomes. Causes and consequences of teenage pregnancy are discussed as well as lack of institutional support to those who are most marginalised and are at the receiving end of multiple axes of power and social exclusion. The chapter argues that in the absence of confronting socially disadvantaged positions of young women and men, leads to intergenerational cycle of poverty
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
