1,720,971 research outputs found
Assessing the optimal conditions for surface-mediated disinfection of Influenza A virus solutions
No full textEnvironmental contextTransmission of viruses is related to their survival while being outside the host body. By means of experimental and computational simulations we assess the optimal conditions for virus deactivation upon contact with particularly functionalised substrates. These results constitute the basis for the design of new surfaces with high antiviral activity that can be important in public or sensitive environments such as in hospitals where the contamination and spreading of viruses are a critical issue. AbstractThe abundance of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and the ease of their transmission through several paths is a critical issue in many daily human activities. Within the different transmission paths, contact with contaminated surfaces provides a chance for the development of surfaces with special characteristics that are able to reduce the spread of microorganisms through their deactivation by contact. The development of 'active' surfaces with antiviral properties requires the understanding of the molecular interaction mechanisms between functionalised surfaces and lipid-enveloped entities. By means of a study based on experimental and computational methods we have assessed that surfaces that are simultaneously hydrophobic and oleophilic are more efficient for disinfecting aqueous virus solutions. The combination of these features causes the disruption of the viral lipid envelope upon contacting the surface, and as a consequence the virus' destruction and deactivation. Our results suggest new and more effective design strategies for functionalised surfaces that may be of interest for applications in sensitive environments
Dynamics of finger arrays in a diffusion-limited growth model with a drift
No full textWe propose a phenomenological model of fingering dynamics in the presence of an external drift, motivated by recent experiments on quasi-two-dimensional electrodeposition with hydrodynamic convection. We study the dynamical transition between a Laplacian growth regime and a weak finger competition regime. The model proposed defines a wavelength-selection problem of the finger array which is coupled in a nontrivial way to the single-finger selection problem in a channel. The wavelength-selection mechanism proposed is associated to the crossover from a diffusive to a ballistic behavior of the aggregating particles, as the coarsening spatial scale of the pattern matches the appropriate diffusion length. This yields specific predictions for the selected wavelength. The dynamics of the model are studied numerically with boundary-integral methods in the quasistatic approximation and, complementarily, using a biased random walk Monte Carlo scheme on a lattice. Results are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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