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Mapping the architecture of three porosities: A study of urban decay and regeneration in Semarang old town, Indonesia
Get PDFThis PhD thesis is an architectural inquiry that proposes and explores the concept of architectural porosity as a framework for interpreting patterns of inhabitation within an urban heritage context. It aims to illuminate the diverse definitions and perceptions of porosity within heritage practice and in architectural and urban discourse more broadly.
The research begins by approaching porosity as an interdisciplinary concept, drawing on perspectives from the physical sciences, such as materials science and geology, to the social sciences and humanities, including archaeology, cultural heritage, and urban studies. These various interpretations of porosity are then reframed architecturally: on the one hand, rooted in the materiality of the urban fabric, and on the other, extending beyond its material existence to influence social and spatial dynamics. By applying the idea of porosity both literally and metaphorically, the study identifies three distinct modes or levels of operation: (1) material porosity, understood as a typically microscopic quality that reflects the capacity of architectural surfaces to retain traces of past events; (2) spatial porosity, observed through an analysis of inhabitable architectural boundaries; and (3) social porosity, proposed as a consequence of the preceding two, which denotes a potentially productive coexistence of planned and unplanned, human and non-human inhabitation—often marginalised or erased in conventional urban heritage revitalisation projects. These three forms of porosity are conceptualised collectively as a new definition of architectural porosity, offering a framework for reinterpreting urban heritage values and enhancing regeneration outcomes by enriching the diversity of spatial practices and patterns of inhabitation in the built environment.
The research includes an in-depth case study of the revitalised urban heritage site of Semarang Old Town in Indonesia—a historic colonial district comprising over one hundred heritage buildings. Since 2017, Semarang Old Town has undergone a significant revitalisation effort involving infrastructure upgrades and selective restoration of heritage buildings. These interventions have brought notable improvements to environmental quality, including enhanced drainage and redesigned streetscapes featuring new street furniture. However, the regeneration process has also sought to 'clean up' many of the informal practices that once occupied the streets, façades, and building edges—practices that had emerged following the area’s stagnation in the post-independence era. Given the site's complex and fragile socio-cultural context—including the uncertain legal status of some heritage buildings and the prevalence of economically driven informal activities—Semarang Old Town remains a mix of restored and decaying structures, with both formal and informal inhabitation continuing despite the revitalisation efforts. Nonetheless, these efforts persist in a direction that treats heritage sites as income-generating assets for a broader and more affluent market. This often entails restoring historical materials, erasing signs of decay, and suppressing informal modes of inhabitation.
This thesis proposes a framework for re-reading the value of heritage sites by developing a porosity index based on the three aforementioned categories. The porosity index maps the material, spatial, and social conditions of the heritage buildings studied, indicating their revitalisation status as well as the presence of both human and non-human forms of inhabitation. These three sets of mappings are examined relationally, as an assemblage of latent potentialities found within the urban heritage landscape. This analytical framework offers an alternative perspective within ongoing debates on heritage conservation, revitalisation, and gentrification, advocating for a more adaptable and inclusive approach that better acknowledges and preserves a broader spectrum of material, spatial, and social inhabitation practices
Mapping the architecture of three porosities: A study of urban decay and regeneration in Semarang old town, Indonesia
Get PDFThis PhD thesis is an architectural inquiry that proposes and explores the concept of architectural porosity as a framework for interpreting patterns of inhabitation within an urban heritage context. It aims to illuminate the diverse definitions and perceptions of porosity within heritage practice and in architectural and urban discourse more broadly.
The research begins by approaching porosity as an interdisciplinary concept, drawing on perspectives from the physical sciences, such as materials science and geology, to the social sciences and humanities, including archaeology, cultural heritage, and urban studies. These various interpretations of porosity are then reframed architecturally: on the one hand, rooted in the materiality of the urban fabric, and on the other, extending beyond its material existence to influence social and spatial dynamics. By applying the idea of porosity both literally and metaphorically, the study identifies three distinct modes or levels of operation: (1) material porosity, understood as a typically microscopic quality that reflects the capacity of architectural surfaces to retain traces of past events; (2) spatial porosity, observed through an analysis of inhabitable architectural boundaries; and (3) social porosity, proposed as a consequence of the preceding two, which denotes a potentially productive coexistence of planned and unplanned, human and non-human inhabitation—often marginalised or erased in conventional urban heritage revitalisation projects. These three forms of porosity are conceptualised collectively as a new definition of architectural porosity, offering a framework for reinterpreting urban heritage values and enhancing regeneration outcomes by enriching the diversity of spatial practices and patterns of inhabitation in the built environment.
The research includes an in-depth case study of the revitalised urban heritage site of Semarang Old Town in Indonesia—a historic colonial district comprising over one hundred heritage buildings. Since 2017, Semarang Old Town has undergone a significant revitalisation effort involving infrastructure upgrades and selective restoration of heritage buildings. These interventions have brought notable improvements to environmental quality, including enhanced drainage and redesigned streetscapes featuring new street furniture. However, the regeneration process has also sought to 'clean up' many of the informal practices that once occupied the streets, façades, and building edges—practices that had emerged following the area’s stagnation in the post-independence era. Given the site's complex and fragile socio-cultural context—including the uncertain legal status of some heritage buildings and the prevalence of economically driven informal activities—Semarang Old Town remains a mix of restored and decaying structures, with both formal and informal inhabitation continuing despite the revitalisation efforts. Nonetheless, these efforts persist in a direction that treats heritage sites as income-generating assets for a broader and more affluent market. This often entails restoring historical materials, erasing signs of decay, and suppressing informal modes of inhabitation.
This thesis proposes a framework for re-reading the value of heritage sites by developing a porosity index based on the three aforementioned categories. The porosity index maps the material, spatial, and social conditions of the heritage buildings studied, indicating their revitalisation status as well as the presence of both human and non-human forms of inhabitation. These three sets of mappings are examined relationally, as an assemblage of latent potentialities found within the urban heritage landscape. This analytical framework offers an alternative perspective within ongoing debates on heritage conservation, revitalisation, and gentrification, advocating for a more adaptable and inclusive approach that better acknowledges and preserves a broader spectrum of material, spatial, and social inhabitation practices
REFLECTION ON ECOLOGICAL LEARNING THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO
Get PDFArchitecture, both in the practice and the education, is moving toward a higher environmental awareness. It is shown from the inclusion of ecology as one of the core subject in the curriculum. But, ecology is dominantly viewed and learned through a scientific and qualitative approach rather than a creative design methodology. This paper argues that ecology always has a potential to become the basis of creative design process. There are three key aspects in learning ecology in architecture: learning ecology as reading complexity, as understanding dynamicity, and as building up awareness of our position as designers. These key learning aspects are enabled by the nature of architectural design studio as educational environment. This paper examines the key aspects of ecological learning within one of the design studio in Universitas Indonesia. The study concludes that there is a relationship between the learning stages of the design project and the ecological understanding of the students
REFLECTION ON ECOLOGICAL LEARNING THROUGH ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO
No full textArchitecture, both in the practice and the education, is moving toward a higher environmental awareness. It is shown from the inclusion of ecology as one of the core subject in the curriculum. But, ecology is dominantly viewed and learned through a scientific and qualitative approach rather than a creative design methodology. This paper argues that ecology always has a potential to become the basis of creative design process. There are three key aspects in learning ecology in architecture: learning ecology as reading complexity, as understanding dynamicity, and as building up awareness of our position as designers. These key learning aspects are enabled by the nature of architectural design studio as educational environment. This paper examines the key aspects of ecological learning within one of the design studio in Universitas Indonesia. The study concludes that there is a relationship between the learning stages of the design project and the ecological understanding of the students
Ecological aspects of the traditional brick making process in pedurungan kidul, central java
No full textTraditional building materials play an important role in the construction of sustainable built environment. Clay bricks as traditional materials have been made with traditional techniques handed down across generation in many countries. The traditional process has become an integral part of the social and cultural life of the local society which forms the ecological relations between architecture and its context. The presence of the traditional process of brick making is currently challenged by the more modern industrial brick production. Some concerns have been raised regarding various environmental and health hazards from the brick making process. On the other hand, as a production process that has been handed down across generation, the brick making process is embedded with various ecological values that are attached to the environmental and cultural context where the production is performed and where the material resources are originated. This paper attempts to review ecological aspects that are involved in the traditional brick making production. In particular, this paper presents a preliminary analysis to identify the ecological aspects in brick making process in Pedurungan Kidul, Central Java, Indonesia. The findings suggest the need to consider the traditional brick making process as a comprehensive ecological system and therefore several research agendas are proposed for further investigation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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