1,720,959 research outputs found
Assessing Eight Years of Monsoon Rainfall Patterns in Karachi, Pakistan: Study of the Intense Rainfall Events
Get PDFRainfall plays a pivotal role in regulating water levels in reservoirs, which can lead to overflow or drought, depending on the unpredictability of rainfall patterns. In 2020 and 2022, Sindh experienced seven episodes of normal to heavy rains, causing flooding and disrupting major highways such as Gwadar-Karachi. This study evaluates daily and cumulative rainfall data in Karachi for the months of June, July, and August from 2016 to 2023. The rainfall data is divided, focusing on the monsoon rains over the eight-year period. Among these years, the highest recorded rainfall of 93.099mm occurred on August 11, 2019, while the lowest rainfall of 0.001mm was noted on July 26, 2016, and June 18, 2017. The yearly (2016-2023) cumulative rainfall for the study period was 114.6mm, 187.0mm, 34.9mm, 310.5mm, 347.9mm, 285.3mm, 761.4mm, and 167.6mm respectively. Notably, the cumulative rainfall and the frequency of rain events were highest in August 2020 and 2022. The monthly data revealed that Karachi experienced exceptionally heavy rainfall in August 2020 and 2022, resulting in significant disruption and chaos in the city. Moreover, when considering the data across the years, it becomes evident that Karachi faced unprecedented rainfall in 2020 compared to the preceding years. This research represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intense rainfall events in August 2020 and 2022 in Karachi. It identifies trends in rainfall patterns that led to flood-like conditions in the city. This study provides a detailed and quantitative understanding of rainfall occurrences during the monsoon season. Such insights are invaluable for assessing flood risks in Karachi, Pakistan
Assessing Eight Years of Monsoon Rainfall Patterns in Karachi, Pakistan: Study of the Intense Rainfall Events
Get PDFRainfall plays a pivotal role in regulating water levels in reservoirs, which can lead to overflow or drought, depending on the unpredictability of rainfall patterns. In 2020 and 2022, Sindh experienced seven episodes of normal to heavy rains, causing flooding and disrupting major highways such as Gwadar-Karachi. This study evaluates daily and cumulative rainfall data in Karachi for the months of June, July, and August from 2016 to 2023. The rainfall data is divided, focusing on the monsoon rains over the eight-year period. Among these years, the highest recorded rainfall of 93.099mm occurred on August 11, 2019, while the lowest rainfall of 0.001mm was noted on July 26, 2016, and June 18, 2017. The yearly (2016-2023) cumulative rainfall for the study period was 114.6mm, 187.0mm, 34.9mm, 310.5mm, 347.9mm, 285.3mm, 761.4mm, and 167.6mm respectively. Notably, the cumulative rainfall and the frequency of rain events were highest in August 2020 and 2022. The monthly data revealed that Karachi experienced exceptionally heavy rainfall in August 2020 and 2022, resulting in significant disruption and chaos in the city. Moreover, when considering the data across the years, it becomes evident that Karachi faced unprecedented rainfall in 2020 compared to the preceding years. This research represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intense rainfall events in August 2020 and 2022 in Karachi. It identifies trends in rainfall patterns that led to flood-like conditions in the city. This study provides a detailed and quantitative understanding of rainfall occurrences during the monsoon season. Such insights are invaluable for assessing flood risks in Karachi, Pakistan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Trend Analysis and Prediction for Extreme Temperature of Lahore, Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the trends of the maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) in Lahore over a period of 42 years (1988 to 2029). The study employs the Mann-Kendall statistical test to analyze the linear trends of both Tmin and Tmax annually and seasonally. To determine the linear trends in temperature extremes (Te), a linear curve fitting method was employed. In modeling Tmax and Tmin, a sine function was utilized. The results showed that Tmin exhibited an increasing trend both annually and seasonally, except for winter, where no significant trend was observed. Conversely, Tmax showed a decreasing trend both annually and seasonally, except for the monsoon and pre-monsoon periods, where no significant trends were found. Furthermore, the study divided the Te data from 1988 to 2019 into two time series: from 1988 to 2003 and from 2004 to 2019. The findings indicated that Tmin had no significant trend, while Tmax demonstrated an increasing trend for the first time series. In contrast, both Tmin and Tmax exhibited increasing trends for the second time series. Moreover, when the time series was divided into six parts for trend analysis, mixed trends, whether increasing or decreasing, were observed. To investigate the periodicity of Te, the sine function was applied, and the results showed that Tmin had no periodicity. However, Tmax exhibited periodicity, and it was observed that the peak pattern repeated in reverse after 2004. Based on the proposed sine function model, the study predicted the future pattern of the maximum temperature variation in Lahore for the next ten years (i.e., 2020 to 2029)
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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