1,720,971 research outputs found
On the power demands of accessories on an agricultural tractor
Full text linkRecently, the number of accessories in vehicle powertrains has been significantly increased. These accessories are necessary for vehicle operation. Accessories are driven by the engine, so their power demands result in a reduction of the vehicle's useful power. For heavy-duty vehicles, the most demanding accessories are the alternator; fan drive; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning compressor, and brake air compressor. Their power demands vary according to the engine speed, and this may lead to notable energy losses especially in certain conditions, such as engine idling. This paper aims to evaluate the accessories power demands on a tractor equipped with an engine rating of 192 kW. In this tractor, a data logger together with auxiliary sensors were installed to monitor their power demands. During idling conditions, accessories power demands reach 38% of the power provided by the engine and this leads to non-negligible impact on fuel consumption. The fuel consumption caused by accessories and their potential fuel savings by introducing electrically-driven accessories into tractor powertrains were estimated. A potential fuel saving of 232 l per year could be attained. This may lead to a yearly saving of 278 million litres of fuel and 747 thousand tons of CO2 in the US. These savings were calculated assuming that all tractors are used with the same duty cycle. Even if it may not occur, thus the actual savings may be significantly different than that reported in this study, it permits to estimate if farming may benefit from tractors with electrically driven accessories
Visual illusion and action
No full textThe role of allocentric cues on movement control was investigated in the present study. Pointing movements directed to the more distant vertex of closed and open configurations of the Müller-Lyer illusion, as well as to the vertex of control lines, were studied in four experimental conditions. In the first (full-vision condition) subjects saw both stimulus and their hand before and during movement, in the second (non-visual feedback condition) they saw the stimulus, but not their hand during movement. In the two remaining conditions (no-vision conditions) vision of the scene and the hand was precluded. Pointing was executed 0 sec (no vision 0 sec delay condition) or 5 sec (no-vision 5 sec delay condition) after the light was switched off. The Müller-Lyer illusion affected pointing kinematics with respect to the control lines. Subjects undershot and overshot the vertex location, respectively, of the closed and open configuration. Correspondingly, the entire kinematics were changed. The main result was, however, a gradually increasing effect of the perceptual illusion when pointing was executed from memory compared to the full-vision condition. These data are discussed according to the hypothesis that the system underlying visual perception in the allocentric frame of reference and that involved in motor action can functionally interact. The strength of this interaction depends upon the efficiency of the egocentric frame of reference by which motor actions are constructed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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