8 research outputs found
Problems Encountered by Head Teachers at Primary Schools in Punjab, Pakistan
No full textPrincipals are main agent of school improvements. Head teachers encounter many problems and challenges driven by many internal factors operating in the school. These problems are threat to the contiuation of head teachers themselves in their position and the success of school. Thus, the main purpose of the study was to explore the problems encountered by head teachers at primary level in central Punjab and finding out the difference among male and female heads teachers of primary school in Punjab. Data was collected through survey method and study was quantitative in nature. Population of this study was comprised of all head teachers at primary level in the public schools (32348) of Punjab. After delimitation Lahore district is considered to be the final population that comprised of 523 primary schools. All the head teachers of primary schools in Lahore were selected as a sample of the study and the response rate was 90.7% making the final sample as 475 primary schools. Census sampling technique was used. Self-developed questionnaire was used for collection of data. The numbers of items in head teachers’ tool were 27 and Cronbach’s Alpha value of head teacher instrument was .704. The data was analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Packages for social Sciences). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to calculate the data. In descriptive statistics was used to calculate the Mean, Standard Deviation and frequency. In inferential statistics, independent samples t-test was used to find out the significance difference among demographic variables (gender). There found significant difference in the opinion of male and female head teachers regarding problem encountered. Main problems indicated by the head teachers were student based, teacher based, departmental and personal. It is recommended that school education department should develop a committee in which solutions to such problems should be addressed and resolved in order to quality educational management of public sector schools. The study suggested further qualitative in-depth research to pose solutions of these problems so that policy makers may develop a systematic structure and proceedings of the committee
Ties That Blind: A Longitudinal Study on Consanguinity and Congenital Disorders in Kabirwala, Pakistan
No full textConsanguineous marriage, defined as marriage between close relatives, is a prevalent practice in many traditional societies. It is commonly perceived to secure property rights, maintain social cohesion, and fortify kinship structures. However, consanguineous marriages are also associated with an increased risk of inbreeding and consequent chromosomal disorders. Pakistan has one of the highest rates of consanguineous marriage worldwide, with an estimated 60% of all marriages occurring between close relatives. This study focuses on the persistence of consanguinity in Kabirwala, Pakistan, a town in the Punjab province. It investigates the trend of consanguinity and relative affinity according to generations in Kabirwala. It also observes the effects of modernization on consanguinity and explores the reasons behind the practice from the respondents\u27 perspectives. The study used a longitudinal qualitative design, conducting in-depth interviews with the same participants (N=24 couples) over 15 years. Findings indicate that consanguinity is still prevalent in Kabirwala, with 77% of marriages between cousins. The study also found that the practice is rooted in traditional knowledge frameworks that link consanguinity to congenital disorders. However, modernization has led to a decline in consanguineous marriage among younger generations
A CORPUS-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASSERTIVE STRATEGIES IN PAKISTANI DEMOCRATIC AND DICTATORIAL SPEECHES
Get PDFThe present study explores the assertive strategies in Pakistani democratic and dictatorial speeches delivered by Pervez Musharraf and Benazir Bhutto during 1999-2007 in Pakistan and abroad. Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis has been used to trace formal properties of basic assertive statements and relationship between speech text and socio-political context. To meet the objectives of the study, sixteen speeches of Pervez Musharraf with 29744 word tokens and twelve speeches of Benazir Bhutto with 29177 word tokens have been selected following convenient sampling technique. Assertive features including clusters, modality, boosters in assertiveness and key words have been delimited to probe repeated assertiveness in the speeches corpora of both politicians. Quantitative data have been extracted from AntConc (3.2.1). This study reveals that both democratic and dictatorial leaders have used various assertive strategies to present some view, belief and stance. With the corpus analysis, it is found that dictatorial speeches are abounded in multiple assertive strategies of identity, ideology and power whereas the democratic assertiveness comprise solidarity, generalization, and rights. Democratic assertiveness tends to convey assimilative approach whereas dictatorial assertions are self-restricted and subject to unshared power
研究発表 「浄瑠璃」と「パンソリ」作品の感情を模写した擬音語・擬態語 ―人物の泣くさまを中心に―
No full textpdfThe purpose of this paper is to investigate words of mimicry and sound effects which appear in the joruri drama of Chikamatsu and the pansori plays of the Korean dramatist Shinzehyo, with particular attention to the characteristics of words which express "crying." Here is a summary of the results of my investigations. Firstly, it is clear that words reproducing emotion occur far more frequently in joruri than in pansori. The fixed facial expressions of joruri puppets mean that free expression of psychological shifts is impossible, and consequently this has to be expressed to the audience directly through words. Another reason is that the chief interest of the sewamono plays lies in the depiction of the characters' psychological changes, rather than the details of the background incidents. As a result. joruri requires a more emotionally descriptive language. By contrast, the scarcity of such languag in pansori can be attributed to the following three points: a) pansori is an art form which expresses by music a narrative poem. The author's personal feelings or thoughts are never expressed. Individual expression is denied, and in its place these epic poems aspire to a manner of thought that will be universally understood. b) emphasis is on depiction of the progression of events within the narrative rather than personal characterisation, so pansori lacks emotional or passionate language c) emotional swings are often indicated by varying the jandan (rhythm). These three factors reduce the necessity for emotional or passionate language.
Secondly, I examined how often phrases depicting lamentation or crying in both materials, and whether the frequency of crying varied. I found that crying (including the crying voice itself) is by far the most important, presumably because the central aim of the dramatic works of both countries is naturally to express "yû" (grief). In addition, most of the characters are lower-class citizens, peasants, oppressed people, much given to lamentation and crying. Furthermore, the frequency of the use of words reproducing lamentation was lower in joruri than in pansori. The scarcity of such words in joruri can be attributed to the seriousness of tragedy. The author has tried to express emotion by using various kinds of words, together with words of mimicry and sound effects. Pansori on the other hand, is tragic. The emotion of crying could even be expressed by words of mimicry and sound effects without the help of other expressions.
Thirdly, I compared the expressions of crying, and found that, in joruri, these are generally limited to sudden cries of "watto!", whereas in pansori the commonest phrase is "ægoægo" which simulates sustained crying. Both employ sudden, loud shouts to express crying, but this suddenness and timing is rather different. "Watto" normally expresses grief when a sudden misfortune befalls the speaker or the speaker's family. "ægoægo" expresses grief when the speaker suffers continual misfortune, so to speak, a fatal one
MIMICRY AND SOUND EFFECTS IN "JORURI" AND "PANSORI"
Get PDFpdfThe purpose of this paper is to investigate words of mimicry and sound effects which appear in the joruri drama of Chikamatsu and the pansori plays of the Korean dramatist Shinzehyo, with particular attention to the characteristics of words which express "crying." Here is a summary of the results of my investigations. Firstly, it is clear that words reproducing emotion occur far more frequently in joruri than in pansori. The fixed facial expressions of joruri puppets mean that free expression of psychological shifts is impossible, and consequently this has to be expressed to the audience directly through words. Another reason is that the chief interest of the sewamono plays lies in the depiction of the characters' psychological changes, rather than the details of the background incidents. As a result. joruri requires a more emotionally descriptive language. By contrast, the scarcity of such languag in pansori can be attributed to the following three points: a) pansori is an art form which expresses by music a narrative poem. The author's personal feelings or thoughts are never expressed. Individual expression is denied, and in its place these epic poems aspire to a manner of thought that will be universally understood. b) emphasis is on depiction of the progression of events within the narrative rather than personal characterisation, so pansori lacks emotional or passionate language c) emotional swings are often indicated by varying the jandan (rhythm). These three factors reduce the necessity for emotional or passionate language.
Secondly, I examined how often phrases depicting lamentation or crying in both materials, and whether the frequency of crying varied. I found that crying (including the crying voice itself) is by far the most important, presumably because the central aim of the dramatic works of both countries is naturally to express "yû" (grief). In addition, most of the characters are lower-class citizens, peasants, oppressed people, much given to lamentation and crying. Furthermore, the frequency of the use of words reproducing lamentation was lower in joruri than in pansori. The scarcity of such words in joruri can be attributed to the seriousness of tragedy. The author has tried to express emotion by using various kinds of words, together with words of mimicry and sound effects. Pansori on the other hand, is tragic. The emotion of crying could even be expressed by words of mimicry and sound effects without the help of other expressions.
Thirdly, I compared the expressions of crying, and found that, in joruri, these are generally limited to sudden cries of "watto!", whereas in pansori the commonest phrase is "ægoægo" which simulates sustained crying. Both employ sudden, loud shouts to express crying, but this suddenness and timing is rather different. "Watto" normally expresses grief when a sudden misfortune befalls the speaker or the speaker's family. "ægoægo" expresses grief when the speaker suffers continual misfortune, so to speak, a fatal one.conference pape
Exploring Sustainable Tourism in Nigeria for Developmental Growth
Get PDFTourism has become a major source of economic diversification for many countries, underpinning the service sector and forging effective backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy, allowing new employment and income earning opportunities. Although, the developed countries account for a higher proportion of global tourism, many developing countries are beginning to take advantage of the huge opportunities offered by tourism. However, only developing countries with effective natural and man-made tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure have been able to develop their tourism sector and seize the attendant advantages. The need for economic diversification in most developing countries is overwhelming because of their defining mono-cultural economic characteristics where only one or two commodities dominate exports and provides the bulk of foreign exchange from which these countries could reconcile their internal and external balances. Nigeria is one such country seeking to diversify its economy away from crude oil production to maximize employment and income generating opportunities. Nigeria has huge tourism potentials, especially given its natural and diversified landscapes but lacks effective and tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure. While tourism affords huge employment and income generating opportunities, its impact on bio-physical environment is well acknowledged hence the emphasis on sustainable tourism. Indeed, most of Nigeria’s natural landscapes are eco-sensitive areas and exploring them as tourist destinations must be sustainably conducted to enhance the carrying-capacity or regenerative capacity of these landscapes. This paper critically analyses Nigeria’s tourism potentials, focusing on the impacts on the wider economy. By appealing to the qualitative method of research, the paper concludes that the tourism sector has huge potentials yet unexplored, which if fully supported, can contribute significantly to the economic diversification and poverty alleviation efforts of the government
Caught in the Crossfire: Aggression and Violence against Doctors in Pakistan after 9/11
No full textIn the backdrop of 9/11 and war against terror in Afghanistan, Pakistani society has witnessed recurrent episodes of conflict and violence. The level of intolerance has substantially increased and use of violent means has become a norm. While citizens across the board have suffered from rising insecurity, doctors have particularly been the victim of violence. This study intended to investigate the extent of violence committed against the doctors in the hospital settings, their coping strategies, and emotional sufferings due to their violence experiences. For data collection, cross sectional survey was conducted with 200randomly selected doctors in four randomly selected teaching hospitals of Lahore. The data revealed that house officers were most vulnerable to violence in the hospital setting among the doctors. Significant gender variations were observed and male doctors reported to have suffered more form violent acts ascompared to female doctors. Doctors mostly used passive coping strategies against violence and reporting to police was the least cited response. They felt angry over these incidents but reported to feel helpless about the situation. The study concluded that the root of problem lies in the inefficient health care system and the lack of capacity to cater the needs of population. It is suggested that the healthcare system in the country may be strengthened to the satisfaction of patients and his/her relatives so that the doctors may be protected against the aggression of disgruntled people
Optimización de la productividad y condiciones de calidad en la fabricación del quesillo en el departamento del Caquetá
No full text: figuras, tablasEl quesillo Caquetá es uno de los productos insignia del departamento del Caquetá, el cual posee la primera denominación de origen para quesos en Colombia otorgada por la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio en el año 2011. La producción de queso y quesillo Caquetá es aproximadamente de 81.738 kg día-1 con un rendimiento promedio del 10.8% (Torrijos-Rivera, 2024), el cual se encuentra por debajo de los valores teóricos de referencia generando pérdidas para el productor, que, asociadas a la falta de estandarización del proceso, bajo control de la producción y falencias en las condiciones de calidad durante el proceso de fabricación pueden generar pérdidas económicas para el sector lácteo del Departamento.Caquetá cheese is one of the flagship products of the department of Caquetá, which has the first designation of origin for cheese in Colombia, granted by the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce in 2011. The production of Caquetá cheese is approximately 81,738 kg per day, with an average yield of 10.8% (Torrijos-Rivera, 2024), which is below the theoretical reference values, generating losses for the producer. These losses, associated with the lack of standardization of the process, poor production control, and shortcomings in quality conditions during the manufacturing process, can generate economic losses for the department's dairy sector.RESUMEN 5
Índice de figuras 7
Índice de tablas 8
1 INTRODUCCIÓN 14
1.1 El Quesillo Caquetá 14
1.2 Composición fisicoquímica del Quesillo Caquetá 14
1.3 Denominación de origen del Quesillo Caquetá 15
1.4 Aspectos claves en la elaboración del Quesillo Caquetá 15
2 ESTADO DEL ARTE 18
2.1 Productividad y optimización de procesos 18
2.2 Modelación del rendimiento teórico del queso 21
2.3 Sistema de aseguramiento de la Calidad 21
3 CONTRIBUCIONES DE ESTA TESIS DOCTORAL 24
4 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 26
5 CAPÍTULO 1 31
5.1 OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES DE CONTROL DEL PROCESO EN LA FABRICACIÓN DEL QUESILLO CAQUETÁ 31
5.2 Resumen 31
5.3 Abstract 33
5.4 Introducción 35
5.5 Materiales y métodos 38
5.5.1 Determinación de variables de control 38
5.5.2 Diseño Experimental 38
5.5.3 Fabricación del quesillo 38
5.5.4 Análisis fisicoquímico del quesillo 39
5.5.5 Análisis estadístico 39
5.5.6 Rendimiento quesillero 39
5.5.7 Optimización de las variables de control del proceso 40
5.5.8 Elaboración del quesillo con las variables optimizadas 40
5.5.9 Determinación de Minerales 40
5.5.10 Caracterización de mono y oligosacáridos 41
5.5.11 Perfil de ácidos grasos 42
5.5.12 Perfil peptídico 42
5.5.13 Determinación de Proteína por método de Bradford 43
5.5.14 Electroforésis SDS-PAGE 43
5.5.15 Identificación de las proteínas 44
5.5.16 Análisis Peptidómico 44
5.6 Resultados 46
5.6.1 Determinación de variables de operación 46
5.6.2 Análisis fisicoquímico de la leche 47
5.6.3 Elaboración del quesillo 48
5.6.4 Proteína 51
5.6.5 Grasa 51
5.6.6 Lactosa 52
5.6.7 Humedad 52
5.6.8 Cenizas 52
5.6.9 pH 53
5.6.10 aw 53
5.6.11 Análisis de datos 53
5.6.12 Optimización de las variables de estudio 57
5.6.13 Elaboración del quesillo con las variables optimizadas 60
5.6.14 Minerales 62
5.6.15 Perfil de mono y oligosacáridos 64
5.6.16 Perfil de ácidos grasos 68
5.6.17 Determinación de Proteína por método de Bradford 72
5.6.18 Electroforésis SDS-PAGE 73
5.6.19 Identificación de Proteínas 75
5.6.20 Perfil peptídico 76
5.7 Conclusiones 81
5.8 Referencias bibliográficas 82
6 CAPÍTULO 2 96
6.1 MODELO PREDICTIVO DEL RENDIMIENTO DEL QUESILLO CAQUETÁ EN FUNCIÓN DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA LECHE 96
6.2 Resumen 96
6.3 Abstract 97
6.4 Introducción 98
6.5 Materiales y métodos 100
6.5.1 Análisis fisicoquímico de la leche 100
6.5.2 Análisis fisicoquímico del queso 100
6.5.3 Modelo de predicción 100
6.5.4 Validación del modelo 100
6.5.5 Análisis Estadístico 101
6.6 Resultados 102
6.6.1 Modelo de regresión 106
6.6.2 Validación del modelo 106
6.7 Conclusiones 109
6.8 Referencias bibliográficas 110
7 CAPÍTULO 3 113
7.1 DOCUMENTACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE ASEGURAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD HACCP EN EL PROCESO DE FABRICACIÓN DEL QUESILLO CAQUETÁ 113
7.2 Resumen 113
7.3 Abstract 114
7.4 Introducción 115
7.5 Materiales y métodos 117
7.5.1 Diagnóstico higiénico-sanitario 117
7.5.2 Diagrama de flujo 118
7.5.3 Análisis de peligros 118
7.5.4 Identificación de los Puntos Críticos de Control (PCC) 119
7.5.5 Guía plan HACCP plantas quesilleras 120
7.6 Resultados y discusión 121
7.6.1 Diagnóstico higiénico-sanitario 121
7.6.2 Diagrama de flujo 121
7.6.3 Análisis de peligros e identificación de los PCC 123
7.6.4 Guía plan HACCP plantas quesilleras 127
7.7 Conclusiones 128
7.8 Referencias bibliográficas 129
8 PRODUCTOS DESARROLLADOS 131
9 FUTUROS TRABAJOS 133DoctoradoDoctor(a) en Ingenierí
