92 research outputs found
Erratum: Comparison of purgative manna drop and phototherapy with phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice: A randomized double-blind clinical trial (Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives (2019) 10:3 (152-157) DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.3.06)
No full textThe Name and affiliation of the third author, Neda Rahimi, Pediatric Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, were incorrect. The corrected name and affiliation are as follows: Neda Rahimian, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran The authors apologize for the error. © 2020 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved
A Study and Criticism on the Book: An Approach to Philosophy of Al-Farabi as a Detachment of Greek Philosophy Tradition
No full textThe present paper includes the introduction and critique of the book: An Approach to Philosophy of Al-Farabi as a Detachment of Greek Philosophy Tradition. The author of the book intends to highlight the fundamental and axial innovations of al-Farabi in the revival of philosophy at his time to explain how to distinguish the system of Islamic philosophy from the Greek tradition. The most important claim of the author is to explain the philosophy of Islam based on three principles: a..Determining its subject as “existence”, not “existent” b. Understanding the existence of the knowledge bin the scenes of presence c. The distinction between essence and existence. Thus, he believes that Farabi, through his existential view, was able to restore the essential role of existence versus the essence and quiddity. The book also addresses the linguistic and epistemological approach of Farabi’ as well as the introduction of al-Huruf book in the same direction, as well as his invention in transferring nine pares logic into two parts logic. From the perspective of the author of this paper, despite the importance of the aforementioned claim i.e., the establishment of a philosophy of Islam centered on the existence by al-Farabi, the reasons and pieces of evidence which are used in the book in order to prove that claim is necessary but not sufficient. Approximately 10 critical reviews have been done in the article on the contents and claims of the book
Optimization and State Estimation of Li Ion Cells Using Single Particle Model
No full textDue to high energy density of Li ion cells, rechargeable Li ion batteries are used extensively in different markets and applications ranging from consumer electronics (e.g. laptops, cell phones) to automotive (e.g. Hybrid Electrical Vehicles) and aerospace (e.g. satellite power sources). Battery modeling is a key factor to design, optimize and control Li ion cells. Due to reliability and robustness, physics-based models are of great interests with respect to empirical Equivalent Circuit (EC) models. However, the computation burden restricts the full order physics-based models for on line applications.
In this dissertation, reduced order physics-based Single Particle (SP) model is first compared with an empirical EC model to fit three sets of cell voltage data. The cells are under Low Earth Orbit (LEO) cycling where the charge-discharge rates are less than 1 C-rate. The statistical results indicate that the SP model superiorly predicts all sets of data compared to the EC model, while the computation times of both models are on the same order of magnitude. The SP model is then selected as a preferred model for cell simulation.
Maximization of the cell life by optimizing charge rates during cycling is the first application of the SP model. To simulate the capacity fade during the cell life, the anode side reaction, where some of Li ions are lost, are incorporated into the model. First, we show that by applying a dynamic optimization routine the number of cycles can be increased by approximately 29.4 % with respect to the case with one optimal charge current. Then, a new approach based on optimization results is presented to find the optimal charge rates. The new algorithm is able to maximize the cell life in a few minutes while the previous optimization algorithm takes at least one day, and improves the useful cell life by approximately 41.6 % with respect to using only one optimal charge current.
State of charge and loss of active material estimation of a cell under LEO condition by means of the SP model is another work in this dissertation. Zero mean Gaussian noise was added to the charge-discharge curves obtained by the SP model to generate synthetic data. Afterwards, nonlinear Filtering approaches including Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) were applied to predict the true SOC and the electrodes¡¯ degradation, by minimizing the measurement residuals between the model prediction and the synthetic data. The results indicated that UKF is a far superior candidate than EKF for the SOC estimation for a Li-ion cell during the cycling. Moreover, the proposed method is able to predict the loss of active material for each electrode during the cell life.
Since the SP model is only valid for low rate (¡Ü 1C) applications, we tried to extend the model for higher charge-discharge rates up to 5C by incorporating solution phase charge and material balances into the SP model equations. Li ion concentration and potential profiles in electrolyte phase are approximated by polynomial functions. Applying the aforementioned reduction techniques decreases the degree of freedom of full order model by more than 100, while the cell voltage relative error of proposed model is less than 1% at different charge-discharge rates
Dynamic Sustainable Success Prediction Model for Infrastructure Projects: A Rough Set Based Fuzzy Inference System
No full textPurpose: Successful implementation of infrastructure projects has been a controversial issue in recent years, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to propose a decision support system (DSS) for the evaluation and prediction of project success while considering sustainability criteria. Design/methodology/approach: To predict sustainable success factor, the study first developed its sustainable success factors and sustainable success criteria. These then formed a decision table. A rough set theory (RST) was then implemented for rules generation. The decision table was used as the input for the rough set, which returned a set of rules as the output. The generated rulesets were then filtered in fuzzy inference system (FIS), before serving as the basis for the DSS. The developed prediction tool was tested and validated by applying data from a real infrastructure project. Findings: The results show that the developed rough set fuzzy method has strong ability in evaluation and prediction of the project success. Hence, the efficacy of the DSS is greatly related to the rule-based system, which applies RST to generate the rules and the result of the FIS was found to be valid via running a case study. Originality/value: Use of DSS for predicting the sustainable success of the construction projects is gaining progressive interest. Integration of RST and FIS has also been advocated by the seminal literature in terms of developing robust rulesets for impeccable prediction. However, there is no preceding study adopting this integration for predicting project success from the sustainability perspective. The developed system in this study can serve as a tool to assist the decision-makers to dynamically evaluate and predict the success of their own projects based on different sustainability criteria throughout the project life cycle.</p
"Uncertainty and Future Market Analysis of Concentrated Solar Power in the U.S.A"
No full textThere has been an ever growing concern over addressing the issue of climate change and reducing the green house gas emissions (GHG) in the whole world and especially in the U.S. Many measurements are being taken into account for reducing the adverse effects of the GHG emissions as well as making equilibrium between climate security and energy security which further paves the way for moving forward to a more green economy. Also energy independence is playing an increasing role in the political landscape. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology as one kind of solar renewable energy technology has gained significant momentum in recent years. CSP is gaining acknowledgement for its potential to produce large volumes of power where it can be considered as an alternative source of energy which competes with the conventional fossil fuels. The main advantage of CSP is that its required energy is abundant and free, i.e. solar radiation. Characteristic for a CSP power plant is its industrial size based on heat transfer. Since NEM is a company active in the power business with expertise in the heat transfer equipment, it wants to pursue the new business opportunities in the CSP market. There exist different CSP market potential locations around the globe which can be considered for development of CSP project. The U.S. is perceived to be one of the main competitors-along with Spain-in the close future which is expected to gain a lion share of this solar energy market. However, the U.S. electricity market is subject to many uncertainties and thus investors in the electricity sector may be reluctant to take up technologies which involve higher risks. In essence, this research pursued to study the associated uncertainties that are embedded in the U.S. CSP energy market and investigated the directions in which this market can grow in the future term. In this research at first, the CSP technology assessment has been carried out. This includes elaboration on the basic characteristics and functionalities of three types of CSP technology which includes Parabolic Trough, Power Tower (or central receiver) and Liner Fresnel technology. Further, major key components which are of great importance both from the perspective of the market viability as well as shaping the U.S. CSP energy market are introduced. Next, the research builds on its methodological grounds for studying and analyzing the concept of uncertainty which is the focal point of this thesis. In essence, literature review on the concept of uncertainty and its background is performed. In order to profoundly come up with a valid and comprehensive framework for uncertainty analysis, it was crucial to study and discuss the most two important dimensions of uncertainty, that is the typology of sources and types of uncertainty. According to this sort of classification, an uncertainty-analysis framework was ultimately developed which encompassed all the aforementioned concepts. Furthermore, the methods and tools that can be used in dealing with uncertainty are presented. In fact, numerous methods can be found in the scientific literature, both qualitatively and quantitatively for reducing the issue of uncertainty. However in the framework of this research, scenarios -mainly from the policy analysis perspectivewas chosen to deal with the associated uncertainties in projection of the U.S. solar CSP market. Finally in the last phase of the research, the developed “uncertainty-scenario” framework is applied. The results from this step of the research indicate that the U.S. CSP energy market is highly reliant and impacted by couple of major uncertain forces which can be categorized as economic and financial, legal and political and finally social and behavioral forces. Further amid these identified forces and system changes, the research underlined three highly uncertain factors which have high impact on the renewable energy system namely as governmental regulatory regimes and supporting schemes, project financing (or the availability of money) and energy consumption. On the other hand, the current credit crisis has also been identified as a major force and cause of system change which affects almost all of these forces which has rippled through almost all renewable energy market sectors including CSP. Nevertheless, according to these identified highly uncertain forces which can cause great deals of impact on the system, scenarios for depicting plausible futures of the U.S CSP market are explored. These qualitative scenarios are created in a way to encompass different extremes on how the CSP future market can unfold namely as the base-case scenario, the low-case scenario and the high-growth case scenario. In the last step of this research, according to each of the derived scenarios relevant recommendation to NEM is provided. These recommendations are presented from two perspectives. In first place, recommendations for per-case developed scenario are provided. Next, recommendations in a more general perspective are presented. These mainly include acknowledging the kinds of decisions that should be taken where insufficient knowledge exists in connection to the development of technologies, such as CSP.Values and Technology DepartmentTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Distribution pattern of the Snake-eyed Lizard, Ophisops elegans Ménétriés, 1832 (Squamata: Lacertidae), in Iran
No full textOphisops elegans, a common lizard with a wide distribution range in Iran, was selected to investigate the influence of environmental factors on its distribution pattern. Based on a distribution model developed with the software Maxent for O. elegans, the most important factors influencing the distribution pattern were found to be high winter precipitation, intermediate levels of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and intermediate levels of sunshine. It seems that overall plant cover and competition with Mesalina watsonana are the main factors which influence the distribution pattern of O. elegans in the central Iranian Plateau
The Relationship between the Continuous Imaginal World and the Discontinuous Imaginative Faculty in Ascending and Descending Arcs according to Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra
No full textOne of the most important issues for Muslim philosophers is the continuous imaginal world and its relationship with the discontinuous imaginative faculty. The continuous imaginal world is a perceptive faculty of the soul known as the faculty of imagination. The discontinuous imaginative faculty is the order of the universe called the imaginal world, which Muslim philosophers have portrayed in ascending and descending arcs. Linking the discontinuous imaginative faculty in descending and ascending arcs occurs through the continuous imaginal; however, in order to link to the discontinuous imaginative faculty, which enjoys intermediate immateriality, this faculty should also enjoy intermediate immateriality. Suhrawardi explicitly introduced the discontinuous imaginative faculty, but he was not able to explain the relationship between the discontinuous and continuous imaginal world and the discontinuous imaginative faculty correctly, since he does not believe in the immateriality of the continuous imaginal world. Nonetheless, his intellectual efforts paved the way for Mulla Sadra. Proving the immateriality of discontinuous imagination, Mulla Sadra could truly explain its relationship with the discontinuous imaginative faculty by means of ascending and descending arcs. Thus, through the ideas of Mulla Sadra, the revelations of mystics and prophets are made sense of by descending arcs, and all the promises of divine religions are justified in ascending arcs
SANCTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE IRAN’S ECONOMY
No full textIn period, following the imposition of sanctions, Iran faced many economic problems. Financial sanctions did not allow Iran to access international business, and international credit cards system (MasterCard and VISA) was not extended to Iran. The ways of independent development of Iran, used at the moment and possible in the future have been considered in the article. Of possible alternatives, in particular, the concept of development, based on the forecast, that sanctions have a negative impact on Iran, in accordance with the second, sanctions have a positive impact on Iran, have been analyzed. The author examines in the article both concepts and their impact on the country’s economy
A numerically efficient method of solving the full-order pseudo-2-dimensional (P2D) Li-ion cell model
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