2,444 research outputs found
Democratic Welfare State as Visualised by the Quaid-i-Azam
No full textThe Quaid-i-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, is known more for his political achievements than for his socio-economic thought. Last two decades, however, have seen a continuous flow of books containing his speeches, statements, messages, interviews, discussions in pre-independence legislative bodies and addresses in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. Even a cursory look at this vast literature shows that he was not only concerned with the political aspect of sub-continent’s independence movement but also consistently expressed his views regarding the socio-economic uplift of masses in general and Muslim society in particular. These views in their bare essentials reflect a remarkable continuity of approach from the earlier days of his political career to the period he occupied the position of Governor General of Pakistan. Actually, he became more and more expressive and forthright as the prospects of Pakistan coming into existence became bright. When Pakistan finally appeared as a sovereign nation on the map of the world, he openly rejected the prevailing economic system as having failed to do justice between man and man and to eradicate friction from the international field.
Supplemantry_Information-Multiple_damage_detections_in_plate-like_structures_using_GSM – Supplemental material for Multiple damage detections in plate-like structures using curvature mode shapes and gapped smoothing method
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemantry_Information-Multiple_damage_detections_in_plate-like_structures_using_GSM for Multiple damage detections in plate-like structures using curvature mode shapes and gapped smoothing method by Saeed Ahmad, Aashir Waleed, Umar Siddique Virk, Muhammad Tanveer Riaz, Aamish Sharjeel and Nasir Ahmad in Advances in Mechanical Engineering</p
Table_S1 – Supplemental material for Evolutionary Analysis of Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 Reveals Positive Selection in Mammals
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S1 for Evolutionary Analysis of Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 Reveals Positive Selection in Mammals by Muhammad Jamil Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Muzammal Adeel, Aixin Liang, Hua Guohua, Saeed Murtaza, Riaz Hussain Mirza, Abdelmotaleb Elokil, Farman Ullah and Liguo Yang in Evolutionary Bioinformatics</p
Drought Resilience of Wheat Genotypes Through Microbial Biostimulants Under Water Deficit Regimes
No full textABSTRACT Drought resilience strategies are needed to tackle the escalating issue of water scarcity and to sustain crop productivity under water deficit conditions. There is a gap in identifying the most effective consortium of microbial biostimulants and understanding the underlying physiological and antioxidant mechanisms involved in the drought resilience of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop. To address this, three experiments were carried out in laboratory and wire house conditions to identify and optimise the response of drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants for wheat genotypes. Three drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants: Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum were selected from a laboratory study. The two wheat genotypes: Dilkash‐2021 and Bakhar Star (drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were selected from a wire house experiment. Afterwards, the response of individual and consortium of selected drought‐tolerant microbial biostimulants was evaluated in drought‐tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes under well‐watered and water deficit regimes. Results indicated that seed inoculation of drought‐tolerant genotype with the microbial consortium of Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum significantly increased relative water contents (58%), stomatal conductance (39%), sub‐stomatal conductance (70%), water use efficiency (38%) and net leaf photosynthetic rate (34%) as compared with the un‐inoculated control under water deficit. Furthermore, a significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentration (36%) and an improvement in proline contents (77%), superoxide dismutase (82%) and peroxidase (51%) were observed with this microbial consortium under water deficit. Therefore, seed inoculation of drought‐tolerant wheat genotypes with the microbial consortium might be considered in formulating the best agricultural practices for alleviating the adverse effects of water deficit on the wheat crop
Uji komparasi perhitungan gerhana matahari global Muhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali
No full textMuhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali memiliki riwayat pernah belajar ilmu falak kepada Kiai Noor Ahmad Jepara (alm) pengarang kitab falak Nur al-Anwar. Meski begitu, Muhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali memiliki metode yang berbeda dalam memprediksi fenomena gerhana Matahari. Kedua metode perhitungan ini sering digunakan sebagai referensi dalam memprediksi fenomena gerhana Matahari, meskipun memiliki hasil akhir yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: (1) Bagaimana metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global Muhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? (2) Bagaimana perbandingan tingkat akurasi dari metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global Muhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? (3) Bagaimana kelebihan dan kekurangan dari metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global Muhammad Wasil dan K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? Permasalahan dibahas melalui studi pustaka dengan pengumpulan data secara dokumentasi dan wawancara. Semua data dianalisis dan dikomparasikan dengan hasil NASA sebagai acuan tingkat akurasi.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan: Yang pertama, metode perhitungan Muhammad Wasil dan K.H Ahmad Ghozali memiliki persamaan menggunakan konsep sistem koordinat ekliptika geosentrik, selain itu terdapat perbedaan antara kedua metode perhitungan meliputi konsep bentuk Bumi yang digunakan, sumber data, ketentuan delta T(∆T), dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam metode perhitungan. Yang kedua, tingkat akurasi metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global K.H. Ahmad Ghozali lebih tinggi daripada metode perhitungan Muhammad Wasil dalam memprediksi fenomena gerhana Matahari. Tingkat akurasi ini berdasar pada perhitungan keadaan greatest eclipse yang berdampak langsung terhadap pelaksanaan salat gerhana. Yang ketiga, metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global Muhammad Wasil memiliki kelebihan kontak yang dihitung lebih lengkap, dapat menggambarkan peta pergerakan gerhana, tingkat akurasi lebih tinggi dalam perhitungan kontak umbra, sedangkan terdapat kekurangannya, yaitu sulit diimplementasikan tanpa bantuan program sebagai alat bantu. Pada metode perhitungan gerhana Matahari global K.H. Ahmad Ghoazali memiliki kelebihan diantaranya metode perhitungan lebih praktis, memiliki tingkat akurasi tinggi untuk kontak penumbra dan puncak gerhana (greatest eclipse), sedangkan kekurangannya, yaitu akurasi rendah dalam perhitungan kontak umbra gerhana Matahari global.
Kata Kunci: Muhammad Wasil, K.H. Ahmad Ghozali, gerhana Matahari global
ABSTRACT:
Muhammad Wasil and K.H. Ahmad Ghozali has a history of studying astronomy with Kiai Noor Ahmad Jepara (deceased), author of the book of astronomy Nur al-Anwar. Even so, Muhammad Wasil and K.H. Ahmad Ghozali has a different method for predicting the phenomenon of a solar eclipse. These two calculation methods are often used as references in predicting solar eclipse phenomena, even though they have different final results. This research is intended to answer the questions: (1) What is the method for calculating global solar eclipses by Muhammad Wasil and K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? (2) What is the comparison of the level of accuracy of the global solar eclipse calculation method of Muhammad Wasil and K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? (3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the global solar eclipse calculation method Muhammad Wasil and K.H. Ahmad Ghozali? Problems are discussed through literature study by collecting data through documentation and interviews. All data is analyzed and compared with NASA results as a reference for accuracy levels.
This research concludes: Firstly, the calculation methods of Muhammad Wasil and K.H Ahmad Ghozali have similarities using the concept of a geocentric ecliptic coordinate system, apart from that there are differences between the two calculation methods including the concept of the shape of the Earth used, data sources, provisions for delta T(∆T), and the approach used in the calculation method. Second, the level of accuracy of the global solar eclipse calculation method K.H. Ahmad Ghozali's calculation method is higher than Muhammad Wasil's in predicting the phenomenon of a solar eclipse. This level of accuracy is based on calculating the state of the greatest eclipse which has a direct impact on the implementation of eclipse prayers. Third, Muhammad Wasil's method for calculating global solar eclipses has the advantage of contacts being calculated more completely, being able to depict a map of the movement of the eclipse, a higher level of accuracy in calculating umbral contacts, while there are disadvantages, namely that it is difficult to implement without the help of a program as a tool. In the calculation method for global solar eclipses, K.H. Ahmad Ghoazali has advantages, including a more practical calculation method, having a high level of accuracy for penumbral contact and the peak of the eclipse (greatest eclipse), while his disadvantages are low accuracy in calculating umbral contact for global solar eclipses.
Keywords: Muhammad Wasil, K.H. Ahmad Ghozali, global solar eclipse
الملخص
محمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي لهم تاريخ في دراسة علم الفلك مع كياي نور أحمد جيبارا (متوفى)، مؤلف الكتاب الفلكي نور الأنوار. ومع ذلك، فإن محمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي لديهما طرق مختلفة للتنبؤ بظاهرة كسوف الشمس. غالبًا ما يتم استخدام هاتين الطريقتين الحسابيتين كمراجع في التنبؤ بظواهر كسوف الشمس، على الرغم من اختلاف نتائجهما النهائية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى الإجابة على الأسئلة التالية: (1) ما هي طريقة حساب كسوف الشمس العالمي لمحمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي؟ (2) كيف يمكن مقارنة مستوى دقة طرق حساب كسوف الشمس العالمي لمحمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي؟ (3) ما هي مميزات وعيوب طريقة حساب كسوف الشمس العالمي لمحمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي؟ تتم مناقشة المشاكل من خلال دراسة الأدبيات من خلال جمع البيانات من خلال الوثائق والمقابلات. ويتم تحليل جميع البيانات ومقارنتها بنتائج وكالة ناسا كمرجع لمستويات الدقة.
ويخلص هذا البحث إلى ما يلي: أولاً، هناك أوجه تشابه بين طريقتي الحساب لمحمد واصل وكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي باستخدام مفهوم نظام الإحداثيات الكسوف لمركز الأرض، عدا عن ذلك هناك اختلافات بين طريقتي الحساب بما في ذلك مفهوم شكل الأرض المستخدم. ومصادر البيانات وأحكام دلتا T(∆T) والنهج المستخدم في طريقة الحساب. ثانيا، مستوى دقة طريقة حساب كسوف الشمس العالمي لكياي الحاج أحمد غزالي أعلى من طريقة حساب محمد واصل في التنبؤ بظاهرة كسوف الشمس. ويعتمد هذا المستوى من الدقة على حساب حالة الكسوف الأكبر الذي له تأثير مباشر على تنفيذ صلاة الكسوف. ثالثا، تتميز طريقة محمد واصل لحساب كسوف الشمس العالمي بميزة احتساب الاتصالات بشكل أكثر اكتمالا، والقدرة على تصوير خريطة لحركة الكسوف، ومستوى أعلى من الدقة في حساب الاتصالات الظلية، في حين أن هناك عيوب، وهي أن فمن الصعب تنفيذها دون مساعدة البرنامج كأداة. تتميز طريقة كياي حاج أحمد غزالي لحساب كسوف الشمس العالمي بمزايا، بما في ذلك طريقة حسابية أكثر عملية، وجود مستوى عالٍ من الدقة في الاتصال شبه الظلي وذروة الكسوف (الكسوف الأكبر)، في حين أن العيب هو انخفاض الدقة في حساب الاتصال الظلي لكسوف الشمس العالمي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: محمد واصل، أحمد غزالي، كسوف الشمس العالمي
A Review of Milk Production in Pakistan with Particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers
No full textThe purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in Pakistan and the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry. The document begins with a general overview of milk production in the country, followed by a detailed study of dairy farming in the province of Punjab, with a particular focus on the small-scale producers. Preliminary estimates of the margins in the formal and informal market for liquid milk are provided. The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of typical farms. Four farm types were selected to represent 'typical farms' in the province of Punjab: one farm with one and three, and two farms with ten dairy animals respectively, one of the latter located near the city of Lahore. Each farm is described in detail with assets, production costs, profits and other economic information presented both graphically and in the text. The study concludes that a sound intervention strategy to strengthen the position of the small scale dairy farms would focus simultaneously on at least three fronts: (1) lowering farm production costs, (2) increasing productivity and (3) promoting a "higher" farmers' share in the consumer milk prices. A more competitive milk marketing system designed to cater for the needs of small-scale dairy farmers would send strong positive signals for small farmers to mobilise their own resources and develop their operations.Livestock Production/Industries,
sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080084 – Supplemental material for Fe-POM/attapulgite composite materials: Efficient catalysts for plastic pyrolysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080084 for Fe-POM/attapulgite composite materials: Efficient catalysts for plastic pyrolysis by Saira Attique, Madeeha Batool, Oliver Goerke, Ghayoor Abbas, Faraz Ahmad Saeed, Muhammad Imran Din, Irfan Jalees, Irfan Ahmad, Duncan H Gregory and Asma Tufail Shah in Waste Management & Research</p
Erratum to: Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals (Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, (2018), 32, 4, (1749-1760), 10.1007/s12206-018-0331-5)
No full textThere is one correction to make to the original article. The affiliation of the 3rd author, Muhammad Asad, was misprinted. The affiliation should be corrected as follows:3Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
I call Upon you, the Rescuer
No full textThis manuscript is a heterogenous collection of mystical work and an essay copied from an original. It is incomplete and was composed by Ahmad bun Shaykh Muhammad , Muhammad al-Ghāli Bah, and an unknown author. The content deals with Islamic knowledge, praise poetry, Sufi esotericism.Ce manuscrit est une collection hétérogène d'œuvres mystiques et un essai copié à partir d'un original. Il est incomplet et a été composé par Ahmad bun Shaykh Muhammad, Muhammad al-Ghāli Bah et un auteur inconnu. Le contenu traite de la connaissance islamique, de la poésie de louange, de l'ésotérisme soufi
Perihal gurindam [About stanza]
No full textArtikel ini berkenaan dengan perihal 'gurindam'. Menurut R.J. Wilkinson, kekata gurindam berasal daripada bahasa Sanskrit dan bermakna rangkap yang menjadi bidalan atau pepatah berangkap yang berpadan dengan tempatnya, sesuai rangkap dengan maksudnya; sesuai pemula dengan kesudahannya; sesuai sebab dengan akibatnya dan seimbang salah dengan hukumnya. Za'ba menjelaskan bahawa gurindam itu suatu jenis syair yang berjela, rangkapnya bersukat tetapi tidak tetap. lsi gurindam ialah fikiran yang bernas, yang disampaikan dengan bahasa nyanyian yang kemas dan riang. Gurindam membawa bahasa tamsil, ibarat dan umpama, serta melukiskan isinya dengan warna yang indah lagi bijaksana. Za'ba menyatakan seterusnya: isi gurindam dinyatakan terus-menerus sahaja. Dengan bahasa yang riang (humour), banyak gurindam tua yang lekat pada lidah Melayu sebagai bidalan. Contoh dua buah gurindam yang disiarkan media cetak ialah Gurindam Melayu, karya Zafilin A Hamid dan salinan kedua daripada 12 rangkaian Gurindam Duabelas, ciptaan Raja Ali Haji bin Haji Ahmad pada tahun 1846. Selain menyatakan sebab-akibat, Gurindam Duabelas membawakan iktibar dan nasihat yang disampaikan menerusi lukisan, kiasan dan ibarat. Penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai jenis-jenis gurindam seperti gurindam bersajak, yang tidak bersajak, tidak bersukat dan gurindam melarat. This article is about 'gurindam'. According to R.J. Wilkinson, the word 'gurindam' was originally from the Sanskrit language and means stanzas of discourse that are a kind of proverb, which is suitable with the situation and time; with a beginning and ending; its cause and effect; and balanced with the law and its consequences. Za'ba explained that 'gurindam' is a lengthy poem, measured but not fixed stanzas. The 'gurindam' contents are thoughtful, delivered with a neat and concise language, fresh, and allegorical. 'Gurindam' carries the language full of examples, parables and metaphors; and depicts its contents with colour and wisdom. Za'ba further states that the contents of 'gurindam' are expressed continuously. The author found two 'gurindams' on the printed media; one is the Gurindam Melayu, by Zafilin A Hamid. The other was the second of the 12 series of Gurindam Duabelas, created by Raja Ali Haji bin Haji Ahmad in 1846. The 'gurindam duabelas' brought teachings and lessons expressed by words painting a picture, figuratively and allegorically. The writer gives further explanations on the types of 'gurindam' such as the 'gurindam bersajak' (rhyme), 'tidak bersajak' (does not rhyme), 'tidak bersukat' (unmeasured) and 'gurindam melarat' (lengthy gurindam)
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