1,721,038 research outputs found
Chickpea
No full textUpdates the physiology of chickpea with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality..Fil: Vadez, Vincent. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Hajjarpoor, Amir. International Crops Research Institute
for the Semi-Arid Tropics; IndiaFil: Korbu, Lijalem Balcha. Ethiopian Institute Of Agricultural Research; EtiopíaFil: Alimagham, Majid. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Pushpavalli, Raju. Csiro Agriculture And Food; AustraliaFil: Ramirez, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología; ArgentinaFil: Kashiwagi, Junichi. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: Kholova, Jana. International Crops Research Institute
for the Semi-Arid Tropics; IndiaFil: Turner, Neil C.. University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: Sadras, Victor O.. University of Adelaide; Australi
Cereal yield in Mediterranean-type environments: challenging the paradigms on terminal drought, the adaptability of barley vs wheat and the role of nitrogen fertilization
No full textUnder Mediterranean environments most of the cereals are produced under rainfed conditions, exposing crops to different severity of water stress due to scarce and variable rainfall. In this chapter, we revise three elements that are commonly accepted in cereal production in Mediterranean type-environments: First, the notion that annual crops in these environments are exposed to terminal drought. Using physiological and environmental analysis, we showed that this label over-emphasises grain filling, and neglects the most critical pre-flowering period; this has implications for both crop management and breeding. Second, the notion that barley performs better than wheat at the lowest end of the rainfall range. We emphasise the lack of solid scientific evidence supporting this view, and briefly consider the implications for patterns of land cover. Third, the notion that nitrogen fertilisation may reduce yield in low rainfall sites and seasons. We argued that, again in this case, the scientific evidence does not fully support this viewpoint, and discuss the opportunities to improve yield and water use efficiency by better management of nitrogen fertilisation.Fil: Savin, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Slafer, Gustavo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cossani, Cesar Mariano. No especifíca;Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Functional crop types are more important than diversity for the productivity, profit and risk of crop sequences in the inner Argentinean Pampas
No full textCONTEXT: Over the last 250 years, many natural ecosystems in South America, including the Inner Pampas of Argentina, evolved into extremely simplified agroecosystems. In the last 25 years, simplified soybean-based crop sequences have become widespread. Putative drivers of the wide adoption of this system include high soybean grain price, simplified agronomic management and low cost, but comparison of production, profit and risk in current and alternative crop sequences are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the production, profit, and risk of seven crop sequences varying in their diversity, cropping intensity and the proportion of functional crop types.
METHODS: We modelled seven typical or feasible crop sequences for two locations with different rainfall and soil water holding capacity for a 50-yr period. Crop sequences included wheat (W) or fallow during winter and soybean (S) or maize (M) as single and double crops during summer, and were characterized with indexes of agrobiodiversity (ABDI, from 0.33 to 1.00), cropping intensity (from 0.40 to 0.83) and soybean proportion (SP, from 0 to 1.00).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: W/M-M had the highest and S-S the lowest yield in both locations. The high yielding crop sequences had a lower stability of grain yield that those with a high proportion of soybean (S-S and W/S-S). Yield stability and CVaR (conditional value-at-risk) for gross margin and gross margin ratio were unrelated with ABDI. The prevalent, least diverse soybean monoculture (S-S) had the lowest cost and medium profit-risk metrics. Increasing the proportion of maize contributed to higher gross margin and gross margin ratio with a lower risk in some crop sequences. Crop sequences with high proportion of soybean (S-S and W/S-S) had low mean cost with a close to average CVaR. However, these were not the sequences with the highest gross margin or gross margin ratio. Our results demonstrated that functional crop types (cereal and legumes) were more important than diversity and cropping intensity for the profit and risk of crop sequences in the Inner Argentinean Pampas.
SIGNIFICANCE: Economic risk-benefit analysis of crop sequences is necessary but not sufficient to understanding the drivers of grower's choices, which are greatly influenced by context regarding policies for grower support, taxes, and land ownership.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Videla Mensegue, Horacio Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia de Extensión Rural Laboulaye; ArgentinaFil: Caviglia, Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Caviglia, Octavio. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. South Australian Research & Development Institute; AustraliaFil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. University of Adelaide. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; Australi
Effect of fruit load on oil yield components and dynamics of fruit growth and oil accumulation in olive (Olea europaea L.)
No full textOlive oil yield and its components (fruit number, average fruit weight and fruit oil concentration) depend on crop load and source–sink ratios as affected by environmental conditions, management and the alternate bearing typical of the species. The aims of this work were to: (i) establish quantitative relationships between oil yield and its components as affected by fruit load in a high-yielding production system, (ii) analyse the dynamics of fruit weight and fruit oil concentration in terms of rates and durations, and (iii) explore the relationships between the dynamics of oil and water in fruit. In a fully irrigated olive orchard in Mendoza (32° S), Argentina, cv. Arbequina trees with similar crown volume and three fruit loads (3-fold range) were monitored during two seasons. Oil yield was positively associated with both fruit number and fruit fresh weight, but not with fruit oil concentration. Across seasons and fruit loads, fruit yield increased linearly with fruit number at ∼1.5 kg per thousand fruit and reached a maximum ∼60 kg tree−1 (or 25 t ha−1) at a fruit load of 32,700 fruit tree−1. The fruit filling rate was affected by fruit load, while the duration of fruit growth and the dynamics of oil and water concentration were unaffected by fruit load. Fruit water concentration reached a minimum at the onset of Stage III of fruit growth, which was marked by a rapid increase in oil concentration. Fruit fresh weight and oil weight increased with source–sink ratio from ∼0.5 up to a threshold ∼2 m3 crown per thousand fruit. In contrast, a 8-fold range of source–sink ratio did not affect fruit oil concentration.EEA JunínFil: Trentacoste, Eduardo Rafael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Puertas, Carlos Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. South Australian Research & Development Institute; Australi
Effect of irrigation and tree density on vegetative growth, oil yield and water use efficiency in young olive orchard under arid conditions in Mendoza, Argentina
No full textWe measured the effects of planting density (238, 317 and 476 trees ha−1), irrigation (fully irrigated control vs. deficit irrigation) and their interaction on the vegetative growth, yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of young olive trees during three seasons. In the water deficit treatment, irrigation was applied when midday stem water potential (SWP) dropped below −2.5 MPa; SWP of controls was maintained between −1.2 and −1.5 MPa. Across irrigation treatments, oil yield at high density (968 kg ha−1) was 70 % higher than at low density. Reduction in oil yield due to deficit irrigation was not significant compared to control (501 vs. 664 kg ha−1). IWUE at lower tree density averaged 1.5 kg ha−1 mm−1, increased by 50 % in intermediate density and by 57 % at the highest density. Deficit irrigation increased IWUE twofold with respect to controls. IWUE responded to the interaction density × irrigation whereby the highest IWUE (4.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) was obtained at highest density and deficit irrigation. IWUE was nonlinearly related to seasonal water stress integral ( Sψ ), where maximum efficiency corresponded to 180 MPa days. The negative correlation between fruit water concentration and Sψ highlights the potential benefit of deficit irrigation of increasing oil extractability. The positive outcomes of increasing the density (higher oil yield) and deficit irrigation (higher IWUE, lower water concentration in fruit) need to be weighed against the long-term effect on vegetative growth. Under our conditions, three seasons of water deficit reduced crown and trunk size by 35 % in relation to fully irrigated.EEA JunínFil: Trentacoste, Eduardo Rafael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Puertas, Carlos Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. South Australian Research & Development Institute; Australi
Profiles of leaf senescence during reproductive growth of sunflower and maize
Get PDFWe investigated the effect of reproductive growth on the profiles of leaf senescence in maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Leaf senescence after flowering was assessed using both structural (leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen and dry matter) and functional (photosynthesis) variables in undisturbed plants (+G) and in plants in which grain set was prevented (-G). Two weeks after flowering, lack of grain accelerated senescence in maize and delayed senescence in sunflower as indicated by leaf chlorophyll; leaf nitrogen and dry matter were less sensitive response variables. Lack of interaction between reproductive treatment and leaf position indicates that the senescence signal, whatever its nature, was equally effective throughout the plant in both species. In both species, feedback inhibition of photosynthesis was first detected 30-35 d after flowering; excess carbohydrate in the leaves was therefore an unlikely trigger of accelerated senescence in maize. As reproductive development progressed, differences between +G and -G plants were more marked in sunflower, and tended to disappear or reverse in maize. In sunflower, interactions between leaf position and reproductive treatment - attributable to the local effect of grain - were detected around 20-27 d after flowering.Fil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Echarte, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Fernando Héctor. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus- drought relationships in plants: a quantitative review
No full text© 2023 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus-drought relationships are important in agriculture and natural vegetation. In this quantitative review, we sampled published factorial experiments to probe for relationships against the null hypothesis of additivity. Our sample captured antagonistic, additive, and synergistic inter-virus relationships in double infections. Virus-drought relationships in our sample were additive or antagonistic, reinforcing the notion that viruses have neutral or positive effects on droughted plants, or that drought enhances plant tolerance to viruses. Both inter-virus and virus-drought relationships vary with virus species, host plant to the level of cultivar or accession, timing of infection, plant age and trait, and growing conditions. The trait-dependence of these relationships has implications for resource allocation in plants. Owing to lagging theories, more experimental research in these fields is bound to return phenomenological outcomes. Theoretical work can advance in two complementary directions. First, effective theory that models the behaviour of the system without specifying all the underlying causes that lead to system state change. Second, mechanistic theory based on a nuanced view of the plant phenotype that explicitly considers downward causation; the influence of the plant phenotype on inter-virus relations and vice versa; the impact of timing, intensity and duration of drought interacting with viruses to modulate the plant phenotype; and both the soil (moisture) and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit) aspects of drought. Theories should scale in time, from short term to full growing season, and in levels of organisation up to the relevant traits: crop yield in agriculture and fitness in nature.This work was partially funded by Spain’s Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Ref. PID2020-117074RB-I00 project INTERVIRAPHID. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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