155 research outputs found
Theoretical and experimental revelation of the structural, dielectric, optical and magnetic properties of Sr1−xNixFe8SnO15 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) V-type hexagonal ferrites
No full textA novel V-type hexaferrite with the substitution of strontium by divalent nickel, having the chemical formula Sr1−xNixFe8SnO15 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), is synthesized by employing a sol–gel auto combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the hexagonal phase for all the samples; however, an extra peak due to SnO2 was observed. With the increase in the Ni2+ concentration, the values of lattice constants a (Å) and c (Å) and unit cell volume decreased slightly, and the crystallite size was calculated to vary in the range of 19 to 21 nm for all the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated that the average particle size lies in the range of 70–110 nm for all the samples. The samples have the maximum dielectric constant (ε′) and minimum electrical modulus (M′) at low frequency (<100 Hz); when the frequency is gradually increased, both the parameters stabilized and became constant, with real permittivity values from 61.4 to 37.4 between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, which are high values for hexaferrites. AC conductivity increased exponentially with the increase in frequency, while Ni content had little effect on these values. The polarization versus electric field (P–E) loops showed electrical polarizability but represented a lossy behavior that lessened with increasing Ni2+ content. The optical band gap energy values increased slightly with Ni2+ substitution over the unsubstituted sample. The saturation magnetization (Ms) increased with Ni substitution from 31.1 emu g−1 in the pure V ferrite to a maximum value of 43.6 emu g−1 for x = 0.4, and remanence magnetization (Mr) values were also significant. However, a drastic decrease in coercivity (Hc) was observed with Ni substitution, from a reasonably hard ferrite (Hc = 2218 Oe, 176.5 kA m−1) for x = 0.2 to very soft ferrites with x = 0.4 and 0.6 (Hc of around only 200 Oe, 16 kA m−1, a ten-fold decrease). The small grain size, reasonable Ms, and great variation in Hc with x between hard and soft ferrites while maintaining some Mr signify that these V-type hexaferrites could also be interesting materials for potential spintronic, magnetic memory, and microwave absorption applications
Documenting the Burushaski language: Issues in data collection, transmission, preservation, and revitalization
No full textAs globalization increases so does the loss of world languages. Two most common reasons for language endangerment are: (1) there are few living native speakers, and (2) many children do not learn the language of their parents because other languages are considered more helpful or powerful. While the first scenario leads to rapid extinction, the second scenario, quite common in South Asia and the developing world, leads to slow language attrition and eventual death. The two types of endangered languages are under pressure to differing degrees and in different ways in relation to language maintenance. Many linguists across the world are seeking to document and preserve the so-called “endangered” languages. Taking advantage of the latest state-of-the-art technologies, documentary linguists are making efforts towards documenting and recording oral and written linguistic traditions, translating and annotating documentation materials, compiling grammatical descriptions and dictionaries, and preparing pedagogical materials for language teaching/learning for the ethnic population which claims ownership of the language. The aim of this paper is to discuss the various steps, methods, and challenges in the documentation and revitalization of Burushaski – a linguistic isolate spoken by about 90,000 people in Gilgit, Pakistan (Ethnologue 2005), and (by approximately 300 speakers) in Srinagar, India (first author 2006). Burushaski is primarily orally-preserved and literacy in the native language is practically zero. Its survival is greatly threatened by multilingualism and language shift. Documentation efforts have been conducted by western scholars, but because their publications are mostly in foreign languages (Berger 1974-1998, Tiffou 1999), they are inaccessible to Burushos who are (mainly) literate in Urdu – the prestigious language. Recently, some Pakistani scholars have produced pedagogical materials for the promotion of Burushaski but, because of limited resources and lack of training, such efforts are yet to produce substantial results. Awaiting official standardization, local rivalries have also resulted in a number of competing writing systems. Burushaski is spoken in a socio-culturally conservative and a politically volatile region and documentation efforts by non-natives encounter many obstacles. Presenting a progress report of an ongoing project (starting 2003), this paper examines the various issues in documenting Burushaski, such as: initial encounters in encouraging community participation; social, cultural, political, and financial obstacles in data collection; effective use of information technologies without disrupting community traditions; and different challenges in revitalization efforts. To meet the various project goals, we propose steps in developing an integrated framework sensitive to the issues unique to this particular situation
A Study on Molecular Detection of Theileria lestoquardi by PCR Amplification in Apparently Healthy Small Ruminants from Five Districts of Southern Punjab
No full textMadiha Fatima and Sadaf Saeed have contributed equally to the manuscript. Abstract.-The present study was designed to detect the prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi in small ruminants of Southern Punjab and to determine the risk factors associated with the spread of theileriosis, if any. A total of 115 blood samples from small ruminants including goat (n=66) and sheep (n=49) were collected from five sampling sites (Bahawalnagar, Dera Ghazi Khan, Layyah, Multan and Muzaffargarh districts) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan from randomly selected herds. Data on the characteristics of the animals (species, gender, age, tick presence or absence and health status) and various herd characters (location, size, composition, dog presence or absence and tick association with the dog if present) was collected on sampling sites through questionnaire. Prevalence of the T. lestoquardi was recorded to be 3.47% (n=4) through PCR amplification of their 18S rRNA gene that produced a 730 base pairs DNA fragment. All positive samples were sheep blood samples collected from Multan indicating that sheep were more prone to this parasite (P = 0.03). It was observed that tick association with the animal was a highly significant (P = 0.00003) risk factor associated with the theileriosis in small ruminants
MYSTICS ELEMENTS IN THE POETRY OF YUNUS EMRE
No full textSufism is a noble ethics. It is a journey of obedience and prioritizing others over oneself. Sufism is not a mere ritual, but a collection of qualities . It embodies the oneness of God, the purification of the heart and soul, respect, humanism, the transience of the world, the reality of life and death, and adherence to the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. Yunus Emre, from Anatolia, Turkiye was a lover of the Divine and a complete mystic. Through Sufism, he attained guidance and became renowned as a poet whose heart overflowed with Allah, s love.
Yunus Emre\u27s poetry reflects oneness of Allah, obedience to the Prophet(PBUH), spiritual mentorship, self-purification, reliance and contentment, patience, acceptance, humanism, the nature of life and death, moral excellence, and generosity. He believed that the path to God lies through the heart; those who do not find God within are essentially strangers. In his poetry, he emphasized following the teachings of the perfect guide, asserting that both good and bad come from God. Each day can bring both fortune and opposition, and one should be grateful to God in both situations.
The themes in Yunus\u27s poetry are universal, carrying messages of love, compassion, and humanism. His verses continue to resonate deeply today. Indeed, Yunus Emre epitomizes the humanistic tradition of the Turkish people, delivering messages of friendship and love to all humanity. He condemned differences based on race, ethnicity, or language, promoting peace among people. He advocated for the elimination of hatred and for living a good life, reflecting the teachings of the Prophet(PBUH).
Yunus Emre\u27s aim was to love humanity and to unite people on a common platform. His thoughts are conveyed through his "Dewan" and "Risalet al-Nasihah." Yunus Emre has influenced generations and left a profound impact on his people. The truths hidden in his words will keep him alive in the hearts of people for generations to come.
 
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Dicationic Azolium Salts and Their Application as NHC Precursors in Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling.
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An Analysis of Saeed Naqvi’s Poetry: An Analysis of Saeed Naqvi’s Poetry
No full textSaeed Naqvi is considered one of the greatest poets of the present age. His name is having the worth of a rising star in the world of literature. The diversity and versatility of his personality finds expression in his poetry. The effect of his poetry is universal. His poetry reflects simple and pure human emotions. His imaginative and thought provoking poetry excites the attractive and captivating aspects of human nerves. His poetry keeps every heart alive. This attribute has given a cosmopolitan stature to his poetry.
 
Ageing ovaries and endometrium in PCOS
No full textObjective: to measure the outcome of age on ovarian and uterine morphology in women with primary infertility due to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross sectional study. Two hundred primary infertile women with PCOs were subdivided into age groups (years) 20-30 (group I) and 31- 40 (group II). The ovarian volume (OV), follicles count (FC) and size (FS), uterine area (UA) and endometrial thickness (Endo) were determined by trans- abdominal (TAS) and trans -vaginal scan (TVS) using the ultrasound machine. Unpaired t-test was applied to evaluate the result Results: Comparison between group I and group II was made to evaluate the outcome. A significant raise was noted in the uterine morphology of group II. The UA was 89.99±5.83 v/s 119.0±23.33 (0.001) and endometrial thickness was 0.48±0.11 v/s 0.59±0.13 (0.001). A significant decline was noted in the ovarian morphology of group II; the OV (TAS) was 15.36± 2.56 v/s 10.57±12 (0.001) and TVS showed 15.74±2.23 v/s 10.37±1.08 (0.001). The FC was 14.05±1.56 v/s 12.47±0.89 (0.022) and FS was 9.45±7.98 v/s 4.33±5.88 (0.00). Conclusion: The OV, FC and FS (ovarian morphology) variables decreases in the elder infertile group with PCOs but the uterine morphology variables showed an increase in area with thickening of endometrium in the elder group
Ionic-liquid tagged prolines as recyclable organocatalysts for enantioselective α-aminoxylations of carbonyl compounds
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