123,108 research outputs found
Barilius pakistanicus Mirza & Sadiq 1978
No full text<i>Barilius pakistanicus</i> Mirza & Sadiq, 1978 [N]—Baril <p> <b>Taxonomy.</b> Original description: <i>Barilius vagra pakistanicus</i> Mirza & Sadiq, 1978: 1, fig. [Reservoir in Fort Monro, elevation 1909 metres, Khan District, Pakistan; holotype: GCM F 9].— Afghanistan synonyms: None.— Revisions: None.—Illustration: Mirza & Sadiq (1978: 1, fig.) as <i>Barilius vagra pakistanicus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Status in Afghanistan.</b> First record from Afghanistan by Banarescu and Nalbant (1975) then subsequently Moravec and Amin (1978); confirmed by Coad (1981: 9; 2014: 129; 2015: 227).—Afghanistan materials: None.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat.</b> Distribution in Afghanistan: Matun River, Chamkani River, Kabul River.—General distribution: South Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kashmir.—Habitat: This species occurs in both fast-running and standing streams in mainly shallow but also deep areas. It is an omnivore and is thought to have a moderate tolerance for habitat degradation. Freshwater.</p> <p> <b>Economic importance.</b> Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.</p> <p> <b>Conservation.</b> Conservation status in Afghanistan: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (Daniels 2021e).—Threats: CLI, CON, ABS, HAB, EUT.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.</p>Published as part of <i>Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1)</i> on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8048564">http://zenodo.org/record/8048564</a>
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Energy and taxation
No full textThis chapter addresses the latest policies implemented in Europe consistent with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and explores their implications for tax purposes. Among these strategies, the introduction of the Emissions Trading System (ETS) can be considered a success story, as it has proved capable of striking a balance between the need for environmental protection and financial sustainability of businesses. Although the ETS mechanism is clear, taxation of ETS certificates is complicated as it possibly has impacts under direct taxes and value-added tax (VAT). The chapter argues that the certificates should be considered services under European VAT law and taxed accordingly. The production of certificates by private companies is also considered. This possibility, a reality in several states, raises issues concerning the possibility of tax proceedings originating from the sale of such certificates. The chapter argues that this scenario should be explored, and that the possibility of producing certificates (and taxing them properly) would facilitate the green transition, ultimately reducing costs and mitigating the adverse impact on businesses
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
(R)-alpha-Aminoadipic acid: an interesting chiral pool building block
No full textSadiq A, Sewald N. (R)-alpha-Aminoadipic acid: an interesting chiral pool building block. ARKIVOC. 2012;2012(5):28-36.(R)-alpha-Aminoadipic acid is available on a large scale by enzymatic cleavage from cephalosporin C (CephC) in the production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA). It can be converted into other interesting enantiomerically pure compounds, e. g. derivatives of (R)-pipecolic acid (R-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid), (R)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2(2H)-carboxylates, and other compounds obtained by further conversions of these products
Recognizing seizure using Poincaré plot of EEG signals and graphical features in DWT domain
No full text: Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are considered one of the oldest techniques for detecting disorders in medical signal processing. However, brain complexity and the non-stationary nature of EEG signals represent a challenge when applying this technique. The current paper proposes new geometrical features for classification of seizure (S) and seizure-free (SF) EEG signals with respect to the Poincaré pattern of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients. DWT decomposes EEG signal to four levels, and thus Poincaré plot is shown for coefficients. Due to patterns of the Poincaré plot, novel geometrical features are computed from EEG signals. The computed features are involved in standard descriptors of 2‐D projection (STD), summation of triangle area using consecutive points (STA), as well as summation of shortest distance from each point relative to the 45-degree line (SSHD), and summation of distance from each point relative to the coordinate center (SDTC). The proposed procedure leads to discriminate features between S and SF EEG signals. Thereafter, a binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is developed as an appropriate technique for feature selection. Finally, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are used for classifying features in S and SF groups. By developing the proposed method, we have archived classification accuracy of 99.3 % with respect to the proposed geometrical features. Accordingly, S and SF EEG signals have been classified. Also, Poincaré plot of SF EEG signals has more regular geometrical shapes as compared to S group. As a final remark, we notice that the Poincaré plot of coefficients in S EEG signals has occupied more space as compared to SF EEG signals (Tab. 3, Fig. 11, Ref. 57). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: EEG signal, DWT, Poincaré plot, geometrical feature, BPSO, SVM, KNN
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Rapid accurate point-of-care tests combining diagnostics and antimicrobial resistance prediction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium
No full textIn addition to inadequate access to early diagnosis and treatment with antimicrobial agents for patients and sexual contacts, management and control of STIs is significantly challenged by emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly for STIs such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium. This is further compounded by use of nucleic acid amplification techniques for diagnosis, resulting in reduced phenotypic AMR testing for N. gonorrhoeae and absence or suboptimal AMR surveillance for guiding treatment of both STIs in many settings. Rapid accurate point-of-care (POC) tests for diagnosis of all STIs would be valuable but to significantly impact treatment precision and management of N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium infections, combinations of rapid POC diagnostic and AMR testing (POC-AMR) will likely be required. This strategy would combat STI burden and AMR emergence and spread by enabling diagnosis and individualised treatment at the first healthcare visit, potentially reducing selection pressure on recommended antimicrobials, reducing transmission of resistant strains and providing means for AMR surveillance. Microfluidic and nanotechnology platforms under development for rapid detection of STIs provide a basis to also develop molecular rapid POC-AMR prediction. A number of prototypic devices are in the pipeline but none as yet approved for routine use. However, particularly for N. gonorrhoeae, more knowledge is required to assess which antimicrobials lend themselves to a genotypic POC-AMR approach, in relation to genotypic-phenotypic associations and potential impact clinically and epidemiologically. Key for successful deployment will include also understanding cost-effectiveness, cost-consequences and acceptability for key stakeholders
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
6-Alkynyl- and 6-Aryl-Substituted (R)-Pipecolic Acid Derivatives
No full textSadiq A, Sewald N. 6-Alkynyl- and 6-Aryl-Substituted (R)-Pipecolic Acid Derivatives. Organic Letters. 2013;15(11):2720-2722.(R)-alpha-Aminoadipic acid is a readily available enantiomerically pure starting material for the synthesis of (R)-pipecolic acid and its derivatives. Sonogashira or Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of an Wormyl pipecolate-derived vinyl bromide furnish 6-alkynyl or aryl derivatives. Reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride and subsequent N-deformylation provide 6-alkynyl substituted (R)-pipecolic acid derivatives, valuable building blocks for amino acid and peptide chemistry
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