22 research outputs found
Urinary Tract Bacterial Pathogens and their Sensitivity Pattern
No full textBackground:To detect the prevalence rate of bacterial infection among urinary isolates and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods In this descriptive study 300 urine samples were collected for culture and sensitivity. After documenting pus cells, inoculation was done on required medias. Growth so obtained was interpreted as one organism grows into one colony hence called colony forming unit (CFU). The number of colonies formed were counted representing number of organisms present in the inoculum of urine taken and a total count was calculated for I ml of urine. Growth of bacterial count ≥ 105 CFU/ml was considered significant. The significant growth obtained was processed for standard biochemical tests of identification and in vitro sensitivity pattern(by the standard disc diffusion method). Zones of inhibition were measured and interpreted by the recommendations of clinical and laboratory standards.Results:- Total 250 (50%) samples of both males and females were positive. Females showed higher prevalence rate of UTI than males. Gram negative bacteria were found in high prevalence rate than gram positive bacteria. The common organisms were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae, Staphylococus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa.. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests reveal that gram negatives bacteria were sensitive to imipenum, nitrofurantoin and norfloxacin. Gram positive isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin / clauvanic acid, and ampicillin.Conclusion:-There is a need for constant monitoring of susceptibility of specific pathogens in different populations to commonly used anti-microbial agents
International Day of Midwives: Honoring midwives\u27 dedication and zeal in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
No full textASSESSMENT OF LIFE SKILLS AMONG COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE-STUDENTS; IMPLICATION FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS ACADEMICS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
No full textThe literature indicates that life skills assessment and development is endemic throughout the globe. However, lacking are national studies that have researched life skills assessment at the college level. The present investigation aimed to assess the level of life skills among college undergraduate-students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Besides, the differences based on personal and demographic attributes in respect of life skills were also taken into consideration. A sample of (n=794) 5 % of the total population (15890) was selected and included in the survey. Life Skills Assessment Scale (LSAS) developed by (N.R. Prakash, S. Nirmala Devi, 2014) was used for collecting the required data. The gathered information was processed using (SPSS) version 24. Results of the study indicated that the overall nature of life skills among college students is moderate. The findings of the study indicated that the female-students reported less life skills compared to their counterparts’ male undergraduate-students (p < .05). However, the analyzed data found no significant difference in their Life skills concerning Locality, and Scheme of studies (p > .05). It is hoped that the results of this research will be more helpful for administrators, educators, curriculum designers and other social duties to improve teaching-learning and personality development for learners
Exploring the Elements of Magic Realism in American Literature with Reference to the Works of Gabriel García Márquez In, Particularly “One Hundred Years of Solitude.”
No full textThis research paper examines how Colombian author Gabriel Garcia Márquez employs magic realism in his writings. This essay will look at the literary representations of reality and dreams in the twenty-first century. He used this strategy to create a plausible scenario that is influenced by Columbian culture in the book One Hundred Years of Solitude. The author wants to raise issues about the absurdity of life and encourage self-actualization. The mythical settlement of Macondo is situated in a realistic environment with some fantastic aspects. This study demonstrates how magic realism psychoanalysis may address some of the most challenging and important subjects in literature
Sophie Germain i les seves contribucions a la ciència
No full textAquest treball té el propòsit de posar en valor les aportacions de Marie-Sophie Germain una autora de la il·lustració i revolució francesa, en l’àmbit de la ciència i la filosofia. En un context on els noms de les dones són escassos en la història de la ciència, és important donar llum a aquelles que van tenir fama en moments donats de la història. En una època plena de dificultats i en una societat dominada per homes, Germain va treballar amb perseverança per adquirir de manera autodidacta una educació informal. Va ser una de les primeres i poques dones que van anar en contra dels estereotips en la seva època i van tenir èxit. És per això, que a la memòria s’hi recullen les característiques i el procediment del seu camí en fer les seves investigacions en el camp de les matemàtiques on va desenvolupar un enfocament innovador en relació amb l’últim teorema de Fermat i en el camp de la teoria de l’elasticitat on va ser pionera en estudiar certs fenòmens físics. Amb la seva obra Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques va guanyar el premi Le Prix convocat per l’Institut de França de Paris. També analitzarem el seu punt de vista filosòfic amb la seva obra Considérations générales sur l'état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, que tracta de les ciències i les lletres en diferents èpoques de la culturaEste trabajo tiene el propósito de poner en valor las aportaciones de Marie-Sophie Germain a una autora de la ilustración y revolución francesa, en el ámbito de la ciencia y la filosofía. En un contexto donde los nombres de las mujeres son escasos en la historia de la ciencia, es importante arrojar luz a aquellas que tuvieron fama en momentos dados de la historia. En una época llena de dificultades y en una sociedad dominada por hombres, Germain trabajó con perseverancia para adquirir de forma autodidacta una educación informal. Fue una de las primeras y pocas mujeres que fueron contra los estereotipos en su época y tuvieron éxito. Por ello, en la memoria se recogen las características y el procedimiento de su camino al realizar sus investigaciones en el campo de las matemáticas donde desarrolló un enfoque innovador en relación con el último teorema de Fermat y en el campo de la teoría de la elasticidad en la que fue pionera en estudiar ciertos fenómenos físicos. Con su obra Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques ganó el premio Le Prix convocado por el Instituto de Francia de París. También analizaremos su punto de vista filosófico con su obra Considérations générales sur la état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, que trata de las ciencias y las letras en diferentes épocas de la culturaThis work aims to highlight the contributions of Marie-Sophie Germain, an author of the French Enlightenment and Revolution, in the field of science and philosophy. In a context where the names of women are scarce in the history of science, it is important to shed light on those who had fame at given moments in history. In a time of difficulties and in a male-dominated society, Germain worked with perseverance to acquire an informal self- taught education. She was one of the first and few women who went against stereotypes in her time and succeeded. Therefore, the memoir records the characteristics and procedure of her path in conducting her research in the field of mathematics where she developed an innovative approach in relation to Fermat's last theorem and in the field of the theory of elasticity in which she was a pioneer in studying certain physical phenomena. With her work Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques she won the Le Prix prize awarded by the Institut de France in Paris. We will also analyze her philosophical point of view with her work Considérations générales sur l'état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, which deals with sciences and letters in different epochs of cultur
Sophie Germain i les seves contribucions a la ciència
No full textAquest treball té el propòsit de posar en valor les aportacions de Marie-Sophie Germain una autora de la il·lustració i revolució francesa, en l’àmbit de la ciència i la filosofia. En un context on els noms de les dones són escassos en la història de la ciència, és important donar llum a aquelles que van tenir fama en moments donats de la història. En una època plena de dificultats i en una societat dominada per homes, Germain va treballar amb perseverança per adquirir de manera autodidacta una educació informal. Va ser una de les primeres i poques dones que van anar en contra dels estereotips en la seva època i van tenir èxit. És per això, que a la memòria s’hi recullen les característiques i el procediment del seu camí en fer les seves investigacions en el camp de les matemàtiques on va desenvolupar un enfocament innovador en relació amb l’últim teorema de Fermat i en el camp de la teoria de l’elasticitat on va ser pionera en estudiar certs fenòmens físics. Amb la seva obra Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques va guanyar el premi Le Prix convocat per l’Institut de França de Paris. També analitzarem el seu punt de vista filosòfic amb la seva obra Considérations générales sur l'état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, que tracta de les ciències i les lletres en diferents èpoques de la culturaEste trabajo tiene el propósito de poner en valor las aportaciones de Marie-Sophie Germain a una autora de la ilustración y revolución francesa, en el ámbito de la ciencia y la filosofía. En un contexto donde los nombres de las mujeres son escasos en la historia de la ciencia, es importante arrojar luz a aquellas que tuvieron fama en momentos dados de la historia. En una época llena de dificultades y en una sociedad dominada por hombres, Germain trabajó con perseverancia para adquirir de forma autodidacta una educación informal. Fue una de las primeras y pocas mujeres que fueron contra los estereotipos en su época y tuvieron éxito. Por ello, en la memoria se recogen las características y el procedimiento de su camino al realizar sus investigaciones en el campo de las matemáticas donde desarrolló un enfoque innovador en relación con el último teorema de Fermat y en el campo de la teoría de la elasticidad en la que fue pionera en estudiar ciertos fenómenos físicos. Con su obra Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques ganó el premio Le Prix convocado por el Instituto de Francia de París. También analizaremos su punto de vista filosófico con su obra Considérations générales sur la état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, que trata de las ciencias y las letras en diferentes épocas de la culturaThis work aims to highlight the contributions of Marie-Sophie Germain, an author of the French Enlightenment and Revolution, in the field of science and philosophy. In a context where the names of women are scarce in the history of science, it is important to shed light on those who had fame at given moments in history. In a time of difficulties and in a male-dominated society, Germain worked with perseverance to acquire an informal self- taught education. She was one of the first and few women who went against stereotypes in her time and succeeded. Therefore, the memoir records the characteristics and procedure of her path in conducting her research in the field of mathematics where she developed an innovative approach in relation to Fermat's last theorem and in the field of the theory of elasticity in which she was a pioneer in studying certain physical phenomena. With her work Récherches sur la théorie des surfaces elàstiques she won the Le Prix prize awarded by the Institut de France in Paris. We will also analyze her philosophical point of view with her work Considérations générales sur l'état des sciences et des lettres, aux différentes époques de leur culture, which deals with sciences and letters in different epochs of cultur
Bioactive polysaccharides and small molecules from the native North American fungus Echinodontium tinctorium
No full textMushrooms, the fruiting bodies of fungi, are known to be powerful sources of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals but there are limited studies focusing on exploring the medicinal value of mushrooms native to North America. Here, I describe the isolation of two novel bioactive polysaccharides from the aqueous extracts of the fungus Echinodontium tinctorium: an immunostimulatory complex polysaccharide (EtISPFa) of 1354 kDa, and a growth-inhibitory β-glucan of 275 kDa. In addition, six small molecules including a phenol derivative, a new diphenylmethane derivative and three lanostane-type triterpenes were isolated from the organic extracts of E. tinctorium. The molar mass of these isolated small molecules (labelled 1-6) was determined to be 124, 260, 506, 498, 496, and 440 g/mol respectively. Phase separation, Sephadex LH-20 size exclusion, Sephadex DEAE ion exchange chromatography, Sephacryl S-500 HR size exclusion, silica column chromatography, and HPLC were used for bioactivity-guided purification. Chemical structures and linkages of EtISPFa and EtGIPL1a polysaccharides were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Final structures of small molecules were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Immuno-stimulatory activity of EtISPFa was assessed by immunoassay in Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells and growth-inhibitory activity of EtGIPL1a and small molecules were assessed by MTT growth-inhibitory assay in cancer cell lines. The mechanism of growth inhibition was assessed via apoptosis and cell cycle assays. EtISPFa stimulated the immune response by inducing TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage cells. In contrast, EtGIPL1a showed promising anti-proliferative activity against U251 glioblastoma cells and on ten other cancer cell lines. EtGIPL1a induced apoptosis in U251 cells with an increased cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic marker and significant DNA fragmentation in cell cycle analysis. Amongst the small molecules, compounds (2), (4) and (5) caused growth-inhibition in U251 cells; compound (4) also showed promising effects on multiple other cancer cell lines; all its bioactivities are reported here for the first time. The crystal structures of compounds (2), (4) and (5) have also been reported for the first time. Molecular targets of (1), (2), (4) and (5) by MolTarPred were predicted and warrants further experimental investigation
New bioactive triaryl triglyceride esters: Synthesis, characterization and biological activities
No full textFour new bioactive aryl triester derivatives of glycerol and benzoic acids were synthesized. The synthetic compounds were studied for their antimicrobial and urease inhibition activities. Esterification was carried out by using carbonyldiimidazole to enhance the acyl elimination addition reaction with benzoic acid derivatives. The structure of triglycerides were studied by EI-MS, 1H, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. All synthetic compounds showed urease inhibition activity with highest value of IC50 value 22.4 ± 0.45 μM which is nearest to standard thiourea IC50 value (21.6 ± 0.12 μM). Except compound (3d), all other compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albican.
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