1,720,958 research outputs found
Biocontrol strategies in the management of Cadophora luteo-olivacea, skin-pitting agent of kiwifruit
No full textSkin-pitting disease causes great economic losses on kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson) production, as the symptoms appear on fruits only after 3-4 months of cold storage. Nowadays, very few synthetic active compounds are allowed during the postharvest period, because of the related residues’ problem. For this reason, the goal of the present study was to search for alternative strategies to control skin-pitting. Thus, the efficacy of bacteria and yeasts strains as biocontrol agents (BCAs) was tested by in vitro and in vivo assays against Cadophora luteo-olivacea strains, the causal agent of skin-pitting disease of kiwifruit. The efficacy of different BCAs (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Metschnikowia, and Aureobasidium spp.) belonging to our laboratory collection, purchased, and derived compounds from a commercial bio-fungicide, was tested by in vitro assays against the fungal mycelial growth. In vitro results showed that the strains Pseudomonas synxantha 117-2b and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 were the most effective against the pathogen growth through the tested antagonistic strategies. Strains P. synxantha 117-2b and B. amyloliquefaciens FZB24, as the most active BCAs by in vitro experiments, were also tested on kiwifruit. From preliminary results, the antagonists appeared promising in reducing the incidence of skin-pitting symptoms by 73 and 60%, respectively, so, proposing a valid and sustainable alternative strategy to control C. luteo-olivacea during the storage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Molecular characterization of Aureobasidium spp. strains isolated during the cold season. A preliminary efficacy evaluation as novel potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens
Full text linkSeveral Aureobasidium spp. strains isolated from wild environments during winter 2022 were characterized by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the translation elongation factor EF-1α gene (EF1), and part of the elongase gene (ELO). The variability in the EF1 and ELO loci are higher than in the ITS. All strains but one (UC14), were identified as A. pullulans. To assess the effectiveness of the characterized strains as biocontrol agents (BCAs) of diseases occurring during postharvest storage, a selection of the strains was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. On average, the reduction of Monilinia spp. colony growth was more marked for non-volatile metabolites than for volatile (VOCs). Strain UC14 provided the strongest mycelial growth reduction of Monilinia fructicola by VOCs (66%). According to the in vivo results, all strains were effective in controlling brown rot during cold storage and remarkably in restricting the growth of Monilinia polystroma. In particular, VB23 was the most effective in controlling brown rot incidence, by 80%, 60%, 100%, and severity, by 79.5%, 72.7% and 100%, for Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. polystroma, respectively
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Study of the efficacy of bacterial antagonists against Cadophora luteo-olivacea of kiwifruit
Full text linkSkin pitting currently represents one of the major postharvest diseases of kiwifruit and one of the most difficult to manage in packinghouses due to its latent behavior and the difficulty in predicting its emergence. Our research demonstrates the potential to use different bacterial strains (Pseudomonas synxantha and Bacillus spp.) instead of synthetic compounds to preserve kiwifruit from the development of postharvest skin pitting symptoms, following the momentum towards sustainable strategies. The antagonists tested with in vitro assays showed different efficacy rates against C. luteo-olivacea (strain Cad21) mycelial growth by producing non-volatile metabolites. The biochemical composition of the most active bacterial non-volatile secondary metabolites was described through FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy. Pseudomonas synxantha strain 117-2b emerged as the most active strain in in vivo experiments, both as a curative and preventive treatment (63% and 84.7% of inhibition, respectively). In addition to its ability to reduce disease incidence, the biological antagonism exerted by P. synxantha strain 117-2b was further demonstrated by qPCR analysis as a reduction in the pathogen's abundance. In view of these results, alternative solutions in the field and during postharvest storage could be considered to control C. luteo-olivacea of kiwifruit
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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