43 research outputs found
Modelling International Tourism Demand and Uncertainty in Maldives and Seychelles: A Portfolio Approach
No full textMaldives and Seychelles in the Indian Ocean are small island tourism economies (SITEs), both of which have relatively small populations, territorial sizes, land area and narrow productive bases. The two SITEs are surrounded by vast ocean and have an overwhelming reliance on international tourism for economic development. Variations in international tourist arrivals to these 2 SITEs have been affected by unanticipated oil shocks, natural disasters, crime and global terrorism, among others. An accurate assessment of the variations in international tourist arrivals, particularly the conditional volatility, is essential for policy and marketing purposes. The conditional mean and conditional variance of the weekly international tourist arrivals to Maldives and Seychelles from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2003 for the 5 main tourist source countries are modelled. Multivariate models of uncertainty are estimated and tested. An assessment and interpretation of the estimates are made for policy makers and tour operators to reach optimal decisions on the basis of a portfolio approach to international tourism demand. The paper assesses 4 sets of country spillover effects between Maldives and Seychelles, namely: (i) the own country effects for Maldives and Seychelles; (ii) the country spillover effects from the remaining four countries within each of Maldives and Seychelles; (iii) the own country spillover effects between Maldives and Seychelles; and (iv) the cross-country spillover effects between Maldives and Seychelles. The empirical results for both Maldives and Seychelles are discussed in terms of each of these components.Small island tourism economies, Weekly international tourist arrivals, Uncertainty, Conditional volatility, Country spillover effects Acknowledgements: The first author wishes to acknowledge the financial support of the School of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Edith Cowan University. The second author is most grateful for the financial support of the Australian Research Council.
Modelling International Tourism Demand and Volatility in Small Island Tourism Economies
No full textSmall Island Tourism Economies (SITEs) vary in their size, land area, location, narrow resource bases, economic development, an overwhelming reliance on tourism, and a consistent inflow of foreign direct investment for economic growth. SITEs differ in their ethnic diversity, political systems, economic and environmental vulnerability, ecological fragility, and the risks facing investors. Owing to natural disasters, ethnic conflicts, crime, and the threat of global terrorism, there have been dramatic changes in the arrivals of international tourists to SITEs. These variations in international tourism demand to SITEs, particularly the conditional variance (or volatility) in international tourist arrivals, have not previously been analysed in the tourism research literature. An examination of the conditional volatility of international tourist arrivals is essential for policy analysis and marketing purposes. This paper models the conditional mean and conditional variance of the logarithm of monthly international tourist arrivals and the growth rate (or log-difference) in the monthly international tourist arrivals for six SITEs, namely Barbados, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Maldives, and Seychelles. Diagnostic checks of the regularity conditions of the logarithm of monthly international tourist arrivals and their growth rates suggest that the estimated univariate models of trends and volatility are statistically adequate. Therefore, the estimated models are appropriate for purposes of public and private sector management of tourism. Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank Felix Chan, Suhejla Hoti, Christine Lim and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. The first author is most grateful for a UWA Research Grant, and the second author wishes to acknowledge financial support of Australian Research Council.Island economies, small size, vulnerability, international tourism demand, arrival rate, trends, volatility, time-varying conditional variance, GARCH, GJR, asymmetry, shocks, regularity conditions
Managing Value-at-Risk in Daily Tourist Tax Revenue for the Maldives
No full textInternational tourism is the principal economic activity for Small Island Tourism Economies (SITEs). There is a strongly predictable component of international tourism, specifically the government revenue received from taxes on international tourists, but it is difficult to predict the number of international tourist arrivals, which determines the magnitude of tax revenue receipts. A framework is presented for risk management of daily tourist tax revenues for the Maldives, which is a unique SITE because it relies almost entirely on tourism for its economic and social development. As international tourism receipts are significant financial assets to the economies of SITEs, the time-varying volatility of international tourist arrivals and their growth rate is analogous to the volatility (or dynamic risk) in financial returns. The volatility in the levels and growth rates of daily international tourist arrivals are investigated in the paper. This paper provides a template for the future analysis of earnings from international tourism, particularly tourism taxes for SITEs, discusses the direct and indirect monetary benefits from international tourism, highlights tourism taxes in the Maldives as a development financing phenomenon, and provides a framework for discussing the design and implementation of tourism taxes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the analysis developed in this paper can be used by the Maldivian Government in determining monetary and fiscal policy, by creditors to evaluate the risks associated with providing financial support to the Maldives, and by resort operators to decide whether to expand or contract their operations. Acknowledgements: The first author acknowledges the financial support of the Australian Research Council, the second author wishes to acknowledge a UWA Research Fellowship, and the third author is most grateful for the financial support of an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and University Postgraduate Award at UWA. The authors wish to thank the Editor, two referees, Clive Granger, Matteo Manera and Juerg Weber for helpful comments and suggestions. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Second International Conference on Tourism and Sustainable Development: Macro and Micro Economic Issues, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, September 2005.Small Island Tourism Economies (SITEs), international tourist arrivals, tourism tax, volatility, risk, Value-at-Risk (VaR), Sustainable Tourism@Risk (ST@R)
Hemorrhoid with a melanocytic nevus [7]
No full text[No abstract available]BRADY MS, 1995, DIS COLON RECTUM, V38, P146, DOI 10.1007-BF02052442; CLEMMENSEN OJ, 1991, HISTOPATHOLOGY, V18, P237, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2559.1991.tb00831.x; Felz MW, 2001, SOUTHERN MED J, V94, P880; Maqbool A, 2004, CUTIS, V73, P409; MORENO SE, 2005, CLIN TRANSL ONCOL, V7, P1711
ROLE OF CORRUPTION AND ITS IMPACT UNDER VARIOUS REGIMES: CROSS COUNTRY ANALYSIS
No full textMany empirical studies investigate relationship between democracy and corruption by considering democratic and non-democratic regimes. There are many economies which are not fully democratic and autocratic, so there is a dire need to explore these relationships in case of other two categories of political regimes, such as flawed democracies and hybrid regime. Does this relationship equally hold in these political regimes? This study gauges out the linkages between corruption and economic growth for all plausible cases of political regimes. Empirical analysis includes sample of 159 countries based on different political regimes, consisting on 20 full democracies, 55 flawed democracies, 39 hybrid regime, and 53 authoritarian regimes. The data are taken from the period of 2006 to 2019. The sophisticated empirical Bayesian estimation procedure is employed to explore the association between growth and socio-economic variables. The results indicate that corruption in case of mature democracies has no significant effect on economic growth While in autocracies has significant positive effect on economic growth. However, corruption has negative effect on economic growth in flawed democracies and hybrid regim
'Tajdeed-e-Tafakkur-e-lslami' in the light of Translations of Iqbal's Speeches
No full text'Tajdeed-e-Tafakkur-e-lslami' is an Urdu translation of 'Khutbat- e-lqbal' by Dr. Muhammad Asif Awan. Iqbal’s famous speeches are a masterpiece of Philosophical thoughts. Syed Nazir Niazi, Sameeul Haq, Shareef Kunjahi, and Dr. Waheed Ishrat Translated the speeches of Iqbal (Khutbate Iqbal) in Urdu explaining for the common reader. A comparison between these books and 'Tajdeed-e-Tafakkur-e-lslami' is required. 'Tajdeed-e-Tafakkur-e-lslami' is the essence of his eight-year hard work. The translator has adopted a scholarly style in this translation. This translation is of particular importance in terms of synonyms and meanings of word-meaning relationships. The translator has accurately translated Iqbal's ideas, beliefs & concepts. 'Tajdeed-e-Tafakkur-e-Islami' is one of the ultimate translations of the Khutbat-e-Iqbal so far
The shifting borders of conflict, difference, and oppression: Kurdish folklore revisited
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. Available in this repository by permission of the publisher. The final published version is available from the publisher via the link in this record.Not available
The ARRIVE Essential 10: author checklist – Gastroprotective effect of Zinnia elegans extracts against ethanol-Induced induced gastric mucosal damage through downregulation of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines.
No full textThe ARRIVE Essential 10: author checklist – Gastroprotective effect of Zinnia elegans extracts against ethanol-Induced induced gastric mucosal damage through downregulation of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines
Port development in small Island developing states: A case study of the Maldives
No full textThe Maldives is a Small Island Developing State which depends on sea-borne transport connectivity for trade and inclusive nationwide growth. The high international freight costs to its small domestic market are aggravated by deficiencies in services and capacity in the Port of Male', the sole maritime gateway to the country. Male' City is the main hub for the distribution of goods for the whole country. It is densely populated, hence the movement and storage of goods within the city has exacerbated congestion. The gateway and distribution function of Male' port introduces bottlenecks and constraints to efficient transport and logistics in the Maldives. Moreover, due to the prevailing institutional arrangements, Maldivian ports have developed in an ad-hoc manner over the years. It is anticipated that the ports will not be able to accommodate future demand if current conditions are left to continue. This paper aims to develop an adaptive port master plan over the time horizon of 20 years, to address the above-mentioned issues. The tools for adaptive port planning were used to address uncertainties and vulnerabilities in the development of the masterplan. The basic plans encompass the development of Male' Commercial Harbour as an efficient gateway and distributor. A distribution network was designed to connect Male' with the regional ports. The actions to increase robustness and flexibility were translated into projects with no flexibility (ad-hoc), just-in-time flexibility and just-in-case flexibility. In summary, the 20-year vision for Maldivian ports is to become an international gateway port with an efficient ship to shore operation with fast and efficient domestic distribution via a roll-on/roll-off network connecting the far reaches of the country.Accepted Author ManuscriptRivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineerin
Fischer-Tropsch Fuel (Kerosene) Based on Solar-PV and Air Capture
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceSustainable Energy Technolog
