1,720,972 research outputs found
In-vivo evidence of a role for nitric oxide in regulating the activity of the norepinephrine transporter
No full textWe examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of neuronal uptake of norepinephrine (uptake-1) in rats under anesthesia. The effect on systolic blood pressure of two pressor drugs that work by different mechanisms, norepinephrine and angiotensin II, was explored in anesthetized rats under control conditions and after prevention of NO synthesis with Nw-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA). The results showed that whereas the pressor effects of increasing doses of norepinephrine were potentiated by L-NNA, those of angiotensin II were not affected, which implied that NO was selectively involved in modulating the pressor effect of norepinephrine. To explore the mechanisms involved in this potentiation, we examined the effect of L-NNA on the pressor effect of tyramine, a purely-indirectly-acting sympathomimetic amine which enters nerve terminals thorough uptake 1 and liberates norepinephrine from storage vesicles. Increasing doses of tyramine produced pressor effects which, in contrast to those of norepinephrine, were significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with L-NNA. Similarly, pretreatment with cocaine, the classical inhibitor of uptake 1, significantly decreased the pressor effect of tyramine; however, the response to tyramine was then restored when L-NNA was administered, thus reversing the effect of cocaine. We conclude that NO plays a major role in the adrenergic system by enhancing the activity of uptake 1 in sympathetic nerve terminals. Blockade of uptake 1 by cocaine is also partly dependent on NO. The stimulus for the mobilization of the NO synthase pathway in adrenergic neurons and the subsequent steps involved in modulating uptake 1 deserve further exploration. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Apparsundaram S, 1998, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V287, P733; Balligand JL, 1999, CARDIOVASC RES, V43, P607, DOI 10.1016-S0008-6363(99)00163-7; Bryan-Lluka LJ, 2001, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V40, P607, DOI 10.1016-S0028-3908(00)00201-X; Burn JH, 1932, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V46, P75; CARMICHA.FJ, 1973, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V186, P253; Chowdhary S, 1999, CLIN SCI, V97, P5, DOI 10.1042-CS19980399; FAWAZ G, 1965, BRIT J PHARM CHEMOTH, V24, P526; FURCHGOTT RF, 1980, NATURE, V288, P373, DOI 10.1038-288373a0; GREENBERG SS, 1990, AM J HYPERTENS, V3, P211; HAN X, 1994, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V476, P309; HARTLING G, 1961, J BIOCH PHARM, V8, P246; ITO S, 1991, J CLIN INVEST, V87, P1656, DOI 10.1172-JCI115181; IVERSEN LL, 1965, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V17, P62; JIMBO M, 1994, J AUTONOM NERV SYST, V50, P209, DOI 10.1016-0165-1838(94)90011-6; KATSUMURA K, 1998, AM J PHYSIOL, V274, pR1142; Kaye DM, 1997, AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C, V272, pH875; Kaye DM, 2000, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V130, P1060, DOI 10.1038-sj.bjp.0703416; Kilic F, 2003, MOL PHARMACOL, V64, P440, DOI 10.1124-mol.64.2.440; KUMAGAI H, 1993, HYPERTENSION, V21, P476; Liu JL, 1996, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V270, pR1361; MILLER KJ, 1994, J BIOL CHEM, V269, P27351; Murakami H, 1998, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V274, pR181; Patzak A, 2001, J AM SOC NEPHROL, V12, P1122; REES DD, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P3375, DOI 10.1073-pnas.86.9.3375; Sanchez-Mendoza A, 1998, J HYPERTENS, V16, P697, DOI 10.1097-00004872-199816050-00018; SCHWARZ P, 1995, CIRC RES, V77, P841; Scrogin KE, 1998, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V274, pR367; Sears CE, 1998, J AUTONOM NERV SYST, V73, P63, DOI 10.1016-S0165-1838(98)00123-4; SIMAAN J, 2002, FASEB J, V15, pA213; Symons JD, 1999, J APPL PHYSIOL, V87, P574; TESFAMARIAM B, 1987, AM J PHYSIOL, V253, pH792; VO PA, 1992, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V107, P112133
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Using team-based learning to teach clinical pharmacology in medical school: Student satisfaction and improved performance
No full textFormal teaching in clinical pharmacology was never part of the curriculum at the American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine. Based on feedback from students and on recommendations of academic bodies, we have introduced, since June 2008, twice-monthly rational prescribing sessions during the required internal medicine rotation in year 4 of medical school. All sessions were designed according to the innovative Team-based Learning format and concluded by having the students practice prescription writing and personal formulary development based on the World Health Organization criteria. Our 18-month experience showed that students were very satisfied with the course and the teaching approach, and that their performance on prescription writing and formulary development had improved. Although further studies are needed to explore the impact of team-based learning on additional performance measures, we recommend it as an effective alternative for teaching clinical pharmacology in medical schools. © 2011 The Author(s).Akici A, 2005, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V61, P643, DOI 10.1007-s00228-005-0960-3; Azer SA, 2008, ANN ACAD MED SINGAP, V37, P204; Candler C, 2007, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V82, P134, DOI 10.1038-sj.clpt.2007.6100266; de Vries TP, 1994, GUIDE GOOD PRESCRIBI; Dunaway GA, 2005, TEACH LEARN MED, V17, P56, DOI 10.1207-s15328015tlm1701_10; FELDMAN RD, 1987, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V27, P682; Flockhart DA, 2002, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V366, P33, DOI 10.1007-s00210-002-0559-5; Franson Kari L, 2007, J Vis Commun Med, V30, P156, DOI 10.1080-17453050701700909; Franson KL, 2008, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V66, P135, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2125.2008.03167.x; Heaton A, 2008, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V66, P128, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2125.2008.03197.x; Jaillon P, 2006, THERAPIE, V61, P439, DOI 10.2515-therapie:2006071; KARAM R, 2008, LEBANESE NATL DRUG I; Koles P, 2005, MED EDUC, V39, P1045, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2929.2005.02248.x; Kwan CY, 2002, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V366, P10, DOI 10.1007-s00210-002-0561-y; Lathers CM, 2002, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V42, P477, DOI 10.1177-00912700222011535; Letassy N., 2007, ANN M AM ASS COLL PH; Levine RE, 2004, TEACH LEARN MED, V16, P270, DOI 10.1207-s15328015tlm1603_9; Likic R, 2009, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V65, P231, DOI 10.1007-s00228-008-0592-5; Maxwell S, 2003, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V55, P496, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2125.2003.01878.x; Michaelsen L, 2008, TEAM BASED LEARNING, P9; Michaelsen L, 2005, TEACH LEARN MED, V17, P85, DOI 10.1207-s15328015tlm1701_15; Michaelsen L. K., 2008, NEW DIRECTIONS TEACH, V116, P7, DOI DOI 10.1002-TL.330; Naritoku DK, 2009, TEACH LEARN MED, V21, P148, DOI 10.1080-10401330902791313; Nieder GL, 2005, CLIN ANAT, V18, P56, DOI 10.1002-ca.20040; NIERENBERG DW, 1986, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V40, P488; NIERENBERG DW, 1990, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V48, P606; NIERENBERG DW, 1993, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V33, P311; NIERENBERG DW, 1990, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V48, P603; NIERENBERG DW, 1986, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V40, P483; Orme M, 2002, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V58, P635, DOI 10.1002-s00228-002-0531-9; Oshikoya K A, 2007, Nig Q J Hosp Med, V17, P101; Richir MC, 2008, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V64, P217, DOI 10.1007-s00228-007-0432-z; Rodriguez-Carranza R, 2008, GAC MED MEX, V144, P463; Searle NS, 2003, ACAD MED, V78, pS55, DOI 10.1097-00001888-200310001-00018; TICHELAAR J, 2009, MED TEACH, V30, P1; Tofovic SP, 1998, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V38, P670; WILLIAMS PB, 1990, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V30, P1065; Zgheib NK, 2010, MED TEACH, V32, P130, DOI 10.3109-01421590903548521107
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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