1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Welfare, physiological stress responses, and carcass and meat quality in goats subjected to different slaughter methods
Get PDFThere is increasing global demand for halal meat. However, halal slaughter is controversial with respect to animal welfare. Therefore, harmonizing spiritual
views, animal welfare, slaughter methods and meat quality is a continued research effort. The current study aims to describe two experiments that link physiological
stress responses following different methods of slaughter to carcass and meat quality using goats as a model. In the first experiment, blood biochemistry, electroencephalographic changes and meat quality characteristics associated with possible noxious stimuli following neck cut of goats subjected to conscious halal slaughter and slaughter following minimal anesthesia were assessed in order to validate the minimal anesthesia
technique. Ten male Boer crossbred goats were divided into two groups of 5 animals each and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or slaughter following minimal anesthesia (AS) using 5mg/kg propofol administered through cephalic vein and maintained with halothane in 100% oxygen. Blood analysis revealed that the intensity of response for most biochemical blood parameters, except glucose and lactate was not affected by slaughter method. Based on the EEG results, the changes in brain electrical activities were not significantly different between anesthetized and non-anesthetized animals. The HS goats had earlier (p<0.05) cessation of heart beats compared with AS goats. Blood loss at exsanguination, residual hemoglobin and myoglobin in meat were not different between HS and AS. At pre-rigor, HS had lower (p<0.05) muscle pH and glycogen
compared to AS. HS meat had lower (p<0.05) drip loss than AS throughout ageing. After 24 h postmortem, AS meat had higher population of lactic acid bacteria than
HS group. The present results demonstrate that the noxious stimulus from neck cut is present in both conscious and minimally anaesthetized goats. Slaughtering goats following minimal anesthesia did not affect bleeding efficiency and meat quality in comparison with slaughtering goats fully conscious. The second experiment compared different methods of pre-slaughter electrical
stunning and slaughter without stunning on physiological stress responses, carcass and meat quality in goats. Thirty-two crossbred Boer bucks were divided into four
groups of 8 animals and subjected to halal slaughter without stunning (SWS), low frequency head-only electrical stunning (LFHO; 1 A for 3 s at 50 Hz), low
frequency head-to-back electrical stunning (LFHB; 1 A for 3 s at 50 Hz) and high frequency head-to-back electrical stunning (HFHB; 1 A for 3 s at 850 Hz). Slaughtering of animals with or without stunning was performed under minimal anesthesia. Analysis of the sticking blood revealed that all variables were significantly (p<0.05) higher than their values in blood samples taken in the farm, lairage, after the point of anesthesia induction and prior to stunning/slaughter. Following slaughter, the SWS animals had higher changes of electrical activity of
the brain (EEG) than that of pre-slaughter while electrical stunning maximized the possibility of post stunning insensibility. Based on EEG data, the LFHO animals had the highest changes of electrical activity of the brain at stunning point compared to other stunned animals. LFHB induced a cardiac arrest in all the goats
contrary to LFHO and HFHB. The duration between the point of cut and producing cardiac fibrillation for the HFHB goats was similar to that of LFHO and SWS groups. At 12 h postmortem, LFHO, LFHB and HFHB exhibited lower (p<0.05)
glycogen and pH and higher lactate and glycolytic potential values and faster pH decline than SWS. The pH, glycogen, lactate, glycolytic potential, drip loss, color, shear force, sarcomere length and myofibrillar fragmentation index at 1, 7 and 14 d postmortem did not differ between treatments. The LFHO, LFHB and HFHB
exhibited higher (p<0.05) cooking loss than SWS at 7 and 14 d postmortem. Incidences of speckles and blood splash were higher (p<0.05) in electrical stunned goats compared with SWS goats. Nonetheless, HFHB had lower (p<0.05) speckles and blood splash than LFHB and LFHO. The SWS, LFHO and HFHB goats had higher (p<0.05) blood loss and lower residual hemoglobin in muscle compared to
LFHB. The LFHB meat had higher (p<0.05) TBARS value and bacterial counts at m7 and 14 d postmortem than other treatments. Immunoblot analysis, carbonyl and
thiol content determination revealed that protein oxidation increased with aging time, but was not affected by slaughter methods. The expression of myosin heavy
chain and troponin-T reduced while actin remained stable over storage. The present findings indicate that all slaughter methods caused substantial physiological stress
responses which may not necessarily translate into compromising of animal welfare and meat quality, as all blood biochemical parameters level observed fell
within the normal physiological range for goats. Moreover, HFHB can be used as a substitute for conventional electrical stunning techniques since it meets both the Islamic requirement of the animal being alive at the moment of slaughter and animal welfare requirement of insensibility during exsanguination
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
