1,720,958 research outputs found
Establishing Sustainable Construction in War Zones; Palestine as a Case Study
Get PDFPalestinian construction sector suffers from prolonged conflict and numerous restrictions imposed by Israeli occupation; international funds have been focusing on sustainability, but it is not achieved yet. The aim of this paper is to appraise reconstruction in war zones, taking Palestine as a case study, it will discuss the political situation and its impact on construction sector in Palestine, it also attempts to prioritise procedures and tasks involved in reconstruction, trying to set a suitable framework for sustainable construction and trigger sustainability out of war rubble.Collecting information about sustainable construction in conflict zones is challenging, since valid data is difficult to find. The main data collection instruments are a literature review and a group discussion, with ten construction professionals in Palestine. The debate structure was founded on issues in the literature; data reliability was also supported by interviewing five Palestinian experts in construction and an authoritative figure on green building in Palestine. Participants agreed that issues described in literature are applicable in the context of Palestine. Accordingly, a list of consequences of how war affected the constructionindustry in Palestine was agreed on, and how they hindered the development of sustainable construction. Methods both on private and public levels were discussed, which aim to createbuildings to last, by designing structures that could stand against strikes; thus, using destruction to reconstruct in the right way. Sustainable construction in Palestine should be focusing on high resilience buildings and providing affordable homes. Socio-economic development and planning are needed as post-conflict countries suffer from destruction, poverty and lack of access to basic needs. It is recommended to build stronger institutionsand municipal systems for cities to be able to anticipate, endure and rebound from crisis situations.<br/
Establishing Sustainable Construction in War Zones; Palestine as a Case Study
Get PDFPalestinian construction sector suffers from prolonged conflict and numerous restrictions imposed by Israeli occupation; international funds have been focusing on sustainability, but it is not achieved yet. The aim of this paper is to appraise reconstruction in war zones, taking Palestine as a case study, it will discuss the political situation and its impact on construction sector in Palestine, it also attempts to prioritise procedures and tasks involved in reconstruction, trying to set a suitable framework for sustainable construction and trigger sustainability out of war rubble.Collecting information about sustainable construction in conflict zones is challenging, since valid data is difficult to find. The main data collection instruments are a literature review and a group discussion, with ten construction professionals in Palestine. The debate structure was founded on issues in the literature; data reliability was also supported by interviewing five Palestinian experts in construction and an authoritative figure on green building in Palestine. Participants agreed that issues described in literature are applicable in the context of Palestine. Accordingly, a list of consequences of how war affected the constructionindustry in Palestine was agreed on, and how they hindered the development of sustainable construction. Methods both on private and public levels were discussed, which aim to createbuildings to last, by designing structures that could stand against strikes; thus, using destruction to reconstruct in the right way. Sustainable construction in Palestine should be focusing on high resilience buildings and providing affordable homes. Socio-economic development and planning are needed as post-conflict countries suffer from destruction, poverty and lack of access to basic needs. It is recommended to build stronger institutionsand municipal systems for cities to be able to anticipate, endure and rebound from crisis situations.<br/
Adapting Sustainability in Palestine; Barriers and Motivators in the Implementation of Green Architecture
Get PDFAbstract: As a developing country under occupation, Palestine has limited resources but huge development needs. Whilst construction is a main driver for the economy, it is also the main source of pollution and the largest consumer of its natural resources. Palestine has no fossil fuel, and has to import petroleum products and electrical energy from Israel. This study aims to create better understanding and classification of barriers and motivators in the development of sustainable construction in Palestine, and links these to a need to implement green architecture. The main data collection instrument is questionnaire survey, that received 43 replies from construction professionals in Palestine. The questionnaire design was founded on issues in the literature; data reliability was supported by interviewing five Palestinian experts in sustainable construction. Participants agreed that barriers listed in literature were applicable in the context of Palestine. Accordingly, financial, educational, cultural, political and technical constraints were ranked. It is recommended that efforts at all levels: environmental, educational, political and governmental should be combined. Industry stakeholders supported by authorities should formulate legislation, standards and codes to enhance sustainable construction practices, together with training courses, campaigns and workshops on green buildings. Authorities should introduce financial incentives for green buildings. <br/
Adapting Sustainability in Palestine; Barriers and Motivators in the Implementation of Green Architecture
Get PDFAbstract: As a developing country under occupation, Palestine has limited resources but huge development needs. Whilst construction is a main driver for the economy, it is also the main source of pollution and the largest consumer of its natural resources. Palestine has no fossil fuel, and has to import petroleum products and electrical energy from Israel. This study aims to create better understanding and classification of barriers and motivators in the development of sustainable construction in Palestine, and links these to a need to implement green architecture. The main data collection instrument is questionnaire survey, that received 43 replies from construction professionals in Palestine. The questionnaire design was founded on issues in the literature; data reliability was supported by interviewing five Palestinian experts in sustainable construction. Participants agreed that barriers listed in literature were applicable in the context of Palestine. Accordingly, financial, educational, cultural, political and technical constraints were ranked. It is recommended that efforts at all levels: environmental, educational, political and governmental should be combined. Industry stakeholders supported by authorities should formulate legislation, standards and codes to enhance sustainable construction practices, together with training courses, campaigns and workshops on green buildings. Authorities should introduce financial incentives for green buildings. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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