1,720,957 research outputs found
Noninvasive ventilation for weaning and post extubation failure
No full textInvasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is a life-saving procedure not lacking from complications that enhances morbidity and mortality for intubated patients; therefore, it is important to minimize the duration of IMV. When the weaning fails, it is associated with an increased risk of death and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Many investigators examined the possibility to wean patients ventilated invasively by Noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Several studies, tested, in patients affected by chronic respiratory disorders (ie, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the use of NIV as a weaning strategy after a failure of a spontaneous breathing trial; as a result, NIV reduced mortality, minimized ventilator-associated pneumonia, and shortened length of hospital stay. Further studies will be needed to assess the real impact of NIV on other form of respiratory failure.\Another major clinical problem in ICU is the post extubation failure. In fact, more than 15% of patients need to be reintubated within the first 72 hours. After a successful weaning trial,their prognosis is poor with an hospital mortality that exceeds 30%_40%. Randomized controlled studies have demonstrated that when NIV is applied to treat an overt episode of post extubation respiratory failure, it can be indeed harmful perhaps due to the delay of reintubation. Conversely, promising results were obtained using NIV to prevent the development of a post extubation failure in patients considered at high risk, particularly in those affected by hypercapnia at the time of a successful T-piece trial
Prognostic value of braden activity subscale for mobility status in hospitalized older adults
Full text linkOBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive value of the Activity subscale of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk in assessing mobility impairment and recovery among hospitalized older adults. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: UF Health Shands Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. PATIENTS: 19,769 older adults (â¥65 years) hospitalized between January 2009 and April 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Incident mobility impairment and recovery were assessed with the Braden Activity subscale (BAS) score that nurses use to grade patients at every shift change (~3 times/d). Posthospital mortality rate and discharge disposition were used to assess the prognostic value of the BAS. RESULTS: Of the 10,717 study patients observed âwalking frequentlyâ at admission, 2218 (20.7%) developed incident mobility impairment. Of the other 9052 study patients, who were impaired at admission, 4734 (52.3%) recovered to a state of walking occasionally or frequently. Older adults who developed mobility impairment during hospitalization had an odds of death higher than that of those who remained mobile (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.39). This effect predominately occurred within the first 6 follow-up months. Older adults who recovered from mobility impairment had an odds of death lower than that of those who did not recover mobility in the hospital (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.49-0.59). This effect was slightly stronger within the first 6 months after hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Nursesâ BAS assessment of mobility status during hospitalization provides substantial prognostic value in hospitalized older adults. The BAS could be an efficient and valuable source of information about mobility status for targeting posthospital care of older adults
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
In-Hospital Mobility Variations Across Primary Diagnoses Among Older Adults
No full textObjectives: To examine the relationship between primary diagnoses and mobility impairment and recovery among hospitalized older adults. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: UF Health Shands Hospital, an 852-bed level I trauma center located in Gainesville, Florida. Participants: A total of 18,551 older adults (â¥65 years) with 29,148 hospitalizations between January 2009 and April 2014. Measurements: Incident and discharge mobility impairment and recovery were assessed using the Braden activity subscale score that was recorded by the nursing staff at every shift change: approximately 3 times per day. Primary diagnosis ICD-9 codes were used as predictors and recategorized by using the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality Clinical Classification Software. Results: Of the 15,498 hospital records in which the patient was initially observed to "walk frequently," 3186 (20.6%) developed incident mobility impairment (chair-fast or bedfast). Primary diagnoses with a surgical or invasive procedure were the most prevalent (77.2%) among the hospital observations with incident mobility impairment; otherwise, primary diagnoses without surgery were much more associated with discharge mobility impairment (59%). The highest incidence of mobility impairment occurred in patients with heart valve disorders and aortic and peripheral/visceral artery aneurysms (6.24 and 6.05 events per 30 person-days, respectively); septicemia showed the highest incidence rate for mobility limitation at discharge (0.94 events per 30 person-days). Mobility impairment was observed in 13,650 (46.8% of total) records at admission and 5930 (43.44%) were observed to recover to a state of walking occasionally or frequently. Osteoarthritis and cancer of gastrointestinal organs/peritoneum had the highest incidence rate for mobility recovery (7.68 and 5.63 events per 30 person-days respectively). Conclusions: Approximately 1 of 5 patients who were mobile at admission became significantly impaired during hospitalization. However, approximately half (43.4%) of patients observed to have mobility impairment at admission recovered during hospitalization. Conditions most associated with mobility impairment and recovery are varied, but older patients hospitalized for septicemia and cardiovascular diseases with surgery (heart valve disorders and aortic/peripheral/visceral artery aneurysms) appear to be at most risk for incident mobility impairment that did not recover at discharge
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
