32 research outputs found
Corresponding Author The Evaluation of wheat losses harvesting in two conventional combine (John Deere 1165, 955) in Iran
No full textABSTRACT Wheat is one of the most important food staff in consumption pattern of each country. More than 50 percent of energy is provided by bread in the developing countries. The aim of this study was measuring wheat losses during pre-harvest and harvest stages in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province of Iran in year 2013. Wheat losses at harvest stages were measured to wheat varieties in 2 levels of Omid and Alvand were chosen and Combine types in 2 levels: JD 955 and JD 1165 while were chosen. The data analyzed using and means were compared using SAS Software's and Duncan's Multiple Range Tests were. The results showed that higher amount of losses were in the Omid variety and JD 955 with totally 6.83 % (307.4 kg ha-1) that 10.5 % of them attributed on the cleaning, 34 % on Header, 16.5 % on Drum, 21 % on impurity and 18% broken grain losses. The lowest losses related to JD 1165 and Alvand variety with 3.97 % (178.66 kg ha-1) that 10 % of them attributed on the cleaning, 38 % on Header, 13 % on Drum , 22 % on impurity and 17% broken grain losses. Also, average pre-harvest losses amount was in all fields the study 24.5 kg ha-1 that 9.8 % of total losses represent the measured total losses Alvand 20.5 kg ha-1 and the variety of Omid 28.5 kg ha-1 respectively
Dynamics of the COVID-19 Clinical Findings and the Serologic Response
No full textThe factors affecting the dynamics of lengthening of symptoms and serologic responses are not well known. In order to see how the serologic responses change in relation to the clinical features, we selected a group of 472 adults with a positive IgM/IgG antibody test result from a baseline study of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, assessed their COVID-19 and past medical histories, and followed them up in about 3 months. Nearly one-fourth of the subjects were asymptomatic at the baseline; 12.8 subjects became symptomatic at the follow-up (FU) when 39.8 of the subjects had some persisting symptoms. At the baseline, 6.1 showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM positive, 59.3 only for IgG, and 34.5 for both. At the FU, these figures declined to 0.6, 54.0, and 4.4, respectively, with the mean IgM and IgG levels declining about 6.3 and 2.5 folds. Blood group A was consistently linked to both sustaining and flipping of the gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory symptoms. The baseline IgM level was associated with GI symptoms and pre-existing cirrhosis in multivariate models. Both of the baseline and FU IgG levels were strongly associated with age, male, and lung involvement seen in chest computed tomography (CT)-scan. Finally, as compared with antibody decayers, IgM sustainers were found to be more anosmic mean difference (MD): 11.5%; P = 0.047 with lower body mass index (BMI) (MD: 1.30 kg/m2; P = 0.002), while IgG sustainers were more commonly females (MD: 19.2%; P = 0.042) with shorter diarrhea duration in the FU (MD: 2.8 days; P = 0.027). Our findings indicate how the anti-SARS-CoV-2 serologic response and COVID-19 clinical presentations change in relation to each other and basic characteristics. © Copyright © 2021 Niavarani, Poustchi, Shayanrad, Sharafkhah, Mohammadi, Mansour-Ghanaei, Joukar, Roshandel, Hormati, Ghadimi, Sadeghniiat-haghighi, Abdollahi, Mardani, Bahadorimonfared, Ghanbari, Delavari, Vosoogh-Moghaddam, Zamani, Roozafzai, Alvand, Darvishian and Malekzadeh
Improving strength-ductility synergy of nano/ultrafine-structured Al/Brass composite by cross accumulative roll bonding process
No full textCopyright © 2023 The Author(s). Increasing the strength of metallic multilayered composites fabricated through accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is typically accompanied by a sacrifice in ductility. In the current work, we propose a strategy to achieve microstructural refinement and outstanding strength-ductility synergy in Al/Brass composites. Here, the aluminum matrix exhibits a bimodal grain distribution, consisting of fine equiaxed grains with an average size of ∼100 nm and ultrafine-elongated grains, in which the brass fragments were distributed uniformly. These microstructural features, introduced through cross accumulative roll bonding (CARB), provide synergistic strengthening effects. The CARB processed composite exhibits a mean misorientation angle of 43.16° and a fraction of high angle grain boundaries of 87%, compared to values of 38.02° and 79% for ARB processed specimen. The CARB processed composite demonstrates a major texture characterized by prominent Rotated Brass {110}, Rotated Goss {011}, and Rotated Cube {001} components. In contrast, the ARB processed specimen revealed strong Goss {011}, Rotated Goss {011}, Brass {011}, and S {123} components. The Copper {112} and S {123} components were nearly absent in the CARB processed composite, because both of them were unstable under the CARB regime. The CARB processed composite shows a tensile strength of 405 MPa and a remarkable elongation of 12.4% at ambient temperature, outperforming ARB processed specimen with a tensile strength of 335 MPa and elongation of 9.5%. These unique mechanical properties in the CARB processed composite are ascribed to the dislocation strengthening, bimodal grain size distribution, uniformity of the brass fragments, and quality of bonding at the interfaces.Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FENU-2023-0013).; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (Brain Korea 21 (BK21) Postdoctoral Fellowship to MN).
Validating a global rating scale to monitor individual resident learning curves during arthroscopic knee meniscal repair.
No full textPURPOSE: To determine whether a global rating scale (GRS) with construct validity can also be used to assess the learning curve of individual orthopaedic trainees during simulated arthroscopic knee meniscal repair. METHODS: An established arthroscopic GRS was used to evaluate the technical skill of 19 orthopaedic residents performing a standardized arthroscopic meniscal repair in a bioskills laboratory. The residents had diagnostic knee arthroscopy experience but no experience with arthroscopic meniscal repair. Residents were videotaped performing an arthroscopic meniscal repair on 12 separate occasions. Their performance was assessed by use of the GRS and motion analysis objectively measuring the time taken to complete tasks, path length of the subject's hands, and number of hand movements. One author assessed all 228 videos, whereas 2 other authors rated 34 randomly selected videos, testing the interobserver reliability of the GRS. The validity of the GRS was tested against the motion analysis. RESULTS: Objective assessment with motion analysis defined the surgeon's learning curve, showing significant improvement by each subject over 12 episodes (P < .0001). The GRS also showed a similar learning curve with significant improvements in performance (P < .0001). The median GRS score improved from 15 of 34 (interquartile range, 14 to 17) at baseline to 22 of 34 (interquartile range, 19 to 23) in the final period. There was a moderate correlation (P < .0001, Spearman test) between the GRS and motion analysis parameters (r = -0.58 for time, r = -0.58 for path length, and r = -0.51 for hand movements). The inter-rater reliability among 3 trained assessors using the GRS was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with motion analysis, an established arthroscopic GRS, with construct validity, also offers a moderately feasible method to monitor the learning curve of individual residents during simulated knee meniscal repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An arthroscopic GRS can be used for monitoring skill improvement during knee meniscal repair and has the potential for use as a training and assessment tool in the real operating room
Risk factors for CKD of unknown origin in univariable and multivariable logistics regression analysis.
No full textRisk factors for CKD of unknown origin in univariable and multivariable logistics regression analysis.</p
Demographics, medical history, and house use of pesticides in the studied population.
No full textDemographics, medical history, and house use of pesticides in the studied population.</p
Prevalence and determinants of opioid use disorder among long-term opiate users in Golestan Cohort Study
No full textAbstract Background Number of opiate users worldwide has doubled over the past decade, but not all of them are diagnosed with opioid use disorder. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for OUD after ten years of follow-up. Methods Among 8,500 chronic opiate users at Golestan Cohort Study baseline (2004–2008), we recalled a random sample of 451 subjects in 2017. We used three questionnaires: a questionnaire about current opiate use including type and route of use, the drug use disorder section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview lifetime version, and the validated Kessler10 questionnaire. We defined opioid use disorder and its severity based on the DSM-5 criteria and used a cutoff of 12 on Kessler10 questionnaire to define psychological distress. Results Mean age was 61.2 ± 6.6 years (84.7% males) and 58% were diagnosed with opioid use disorder. Starting opiate use at an early age and living in underprivileged conditions were risk factors of opioid use disorder. Individuals with opioid use disorder were twice likely to have psychological distress (OR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.44–3.52) than the users without it. In multivariate regression, former and current opiate dose and oral use of opiates were independently associated with opioid use disorder. Each ten gram per week increase in opiate dose during the study period almost tripled the odds of opioid use disorder (OR = 3.18; 95%CI: 1.79–5.63). Conclusions Chronic opiate use led to clinical opioid use disorder in more than half of the users, and this disorder was associated with psychological distress, increasing its physical and mental burden in high-risk groups
Study sample flow diagram.
No full textIntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem. Recently, an epidemic of CKD of unknown origin (CKDu), a form of CKD seen mostly in agricultural communities, has been emerged. One of the proposed causes of CKDu is pesticide use in farmers. On the other hand, the research on relation between indoor use of pesticides and CKDu is little. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between indoor use of pesticide as well as the exposure time with CKDu. This study was done as part of the population-based cohort of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran. We used the baseline data of the Zahedan Adult Cohort Study. All subjects with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2, and unavailable creatinine measurement were excluded. Subjects with an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were defined as having CKDu, and their data were compared with those with an eGFR of more than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Data regarding indoor pesticide use and duration of exposure were obtained through a questionnaire. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1079 subjects remained in the study. Female sex, single marital status, low physical activity, triglyceride (TG) levels of more than 150 mg/dl, body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2, non-smokers, indoor pesticide use, and high pesticide exposure time were associated with CKDu. The effects of age, female sex, TG levels more than 150 mg/dl, pesticide use (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01–1.84), and high exposure time (third tertile of exposure time) compared to non-users (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.07–2.51) remained significant in multivariable analysis.ConclusionWe found a positive association between pesticide use, as well as longer exposure time to pesticides, and impaired kidney function in cases without diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Further longitudinal studies should be carried out to confirm these findings.</div
Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)
No full textBackground The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is postulated to have the highest increase in the prevalence of diabetes by 2030; however, studies on the epidemiology of diabetes are rather limited across the region, including in Iran. Methods This study was conducted between 2016 and 2018 among Iranian adults aged 20 to 65 years residing in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Diabetes was defined as the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of 126 mg/dl or higher, and/or taking antidiabetic medications, and/or self-declared diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as FBG 100 to 125 mg/dl. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association of multiple risk factors that attained significance on the outcome. Results Overall, 30,498 participants were recruited; the mean (±SD) age was 41.6 (±11.9) years. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 30.8 and 15.3%, respectively. We found a similar prevalence of diabetes in both sexes, although it was higher among illiterates, urban residents, married people, and smokers. Participants aged 50–65 and those with Body Mass Index (BMI) 30 kg/m2 or higher were more likely to be affected by diabetes [RR: 20.5 (18.1,23.3) and 3.2 (3.0,3.6)]. Hypertension [RR: 5.1 (4.7,5.5)], waist circumference (WC) equal or more than 90 cm [RR: 3.6 (3.3,3.9)], and family history [RR: 2.3 (2.2,2.5)] were also significantly associated with diabetes. For prediabetes, the main risk factors were age 50 to 65 years [RR: 2.6 (2.4,2.8)], BMI 30 kg/m2 or higher [RR: 1.9 (1.8,2.0)], hypertension and WC of 90 cm or higher [RR: 1.7 (1.6,1.8)]. The adjusted relative risks for all variables were higher in females than males, with the exception of family history for both conditions and waist circumference for prediabetes. Conclusions Prediabetes and diabetes are prevalent in southwestern Iran. The major determinants are older age, obesity, and the presence of hypertension. Further interventions are required to escalate diabetes prevention and diagnosis in high-risk areas across Iran
National surveillance of cancer survival in Iran (IRANCANSURV): Analysis of data of 15 cancer sites from nine population-based cancer registries.
No full textCancer survival is a key indicator for the national cancer control programs. However, survival data in the East Mediterranean region (EMR) are limited. We designed a national cancer survival study based on population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) from nine provinces in Iran. The current study reports 5-year net survival of 15 cancers in Iranian adults (15-99 years) during 2014 to 2015 in nine provinces of Iran. We used data linkages between the cancer registries and the causes of death registry and vital statistics and active follow-up approaches to ascertain the vital status of the patients. Five-year net survival was estimated through the relative survival analysis. We applied the international cancer survival standard weights for age standardization. Five-year survival was highest for prostate cancer (74.9%, 95% CI 73.0, 76.8), followed by breast (74.4%, 95% CI 72.50, 76.3), bladder (70.4%, 95% CI 69.0, 71.8) and cervix (65.2%, 95% CI 60.5, 69.6). Survival was below 25% for cancers of the pancreas, lung, liver, stomach and esophagus. Iranian cancer patients experience a relatively poor prognosis as compared to those in high-income countries. Implementation of early detection programs and improving the quality of care are required to improve the cancer survival among Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of cancer patients in Iran and other EMR countries
