1,720,958 research outputs found
Local institutions, social capital and their role in forest plantation governance: lessons from two case studies of smallholder plantations in Paraguay
Full text linkForestry activities are not implemented in a vacuum, but highly interlinked with other domains: social, cultural, institutional, economic, and
political. Good governance that builds on effective local institutions and social capital enhancement becomes one of the key issues in studying
and implementing forestry projects locally. The paper presents empirical evidence from a social forestry project implemented in the poorest
departments of Eastern Paraguay. It provides a descriptive comparison of two neighbouring communities characterized by different institutions.
There is a large difference in project performance in both areas in socio-economic terms. One community displayed high levels of social
capital and was better prepared to take advantage of extension aid and “store” the acquired know-how. The other community, with low levels
of social capital, benefited from the project activities only temporarily. The role of local institutions as project channels and the development
of social capital are indicated as key factors for plantation projects to work effectively
Paradigms in tropical forest plantations: a critical reflection on historical shifts in plantation approaches.
Full text linkThis paper traces macro-level trends and changing approaches to plantation forestry, with particular emphasis on tropical and subtropical
regions. Introducing the theoretical concept of a paradigm and drawing on the notions of discourse and epistemic community, it analyses the
development of knowledge structures present in the history of plantation forestry. The historical context with an economic and developmental
focus is provided to better understand the political economy of forest plantations in the South. A typology of plantation paradigms according
to the selected criteria is put forth to illustrate both the discursive and technical changes plantation projects underwent in time. The paper
concludes with a critical discussion on the parallels between the historical developments, change in economic thought and development aid
and their influence on tree-planting activities as well as the strengths, weaknesses and challenges for both the plantation and general forestry
epistemic community in the years to come
Widening the scope of responsible innovation: Food waste and the role of consumers
No full textABSTRACT
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) scholars often
emphasise the distributed nature of innovation, but RRI generally
targets researchers or innovators (or their organisations). Can we,
within an RRI approach, expect consumers to be more active
innovation agents and to be held more responsible for driving
innovation in the right direction? To explore this question, we
studied the societal challenge of food waste. We designed a
study consisting of three world cafés to explore consumer
perceptions of their own responsibility to engage with the food
value chain to innovate to reduce food waste and complemented
this with questionnaires. We found that the consumers in this
study conceptualise their responsibilities in a passive way, not
using current possibilities for communication with food
companies. More open and interactive industry-led engagement
processes are needed. This requires building competence and
capacity to increase such engagement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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