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Is it only humans that count from left to right?
Get PDFWe report that adult nutcrackers (Nucifraga
columbiana) and newborn domestic chicks
(Gallus gallus) show a leftward bias when required
to locate an object in a series of identical ones on
the basis of its ordinal position. Birds were trained
to peck at either the fourth or sixth element in a
series of 16 identical and aligned positions.
These were placed in front of the bird, sagittally
with respect to its starting position. When, at
test, the series was rotated by 908 lying frontoparallel
to the bird’s starting position, both species
showed a bias for identifying selectively the
correct position from the left but not from the
right end. The similarity with the well-known
phenomenon of the left-to-right spatially oriented
number line in humans is considered
From left to right: Humans only?
No full textAdult humans map numbers onto a mental number line oriented from left to right. It is not clear if this mapping is of cultural nature, or if it rather is a universal intuition, also present in non-human species.
In a task requiring the identification of an object on the basis of its ordinal position in a series of identical objects, few-days-old chicks showed a leftward bias when the spatial orientation of the series was changed from training to test.
Here, two bird species (i.e. the domestic chick and the Clark’s nutcracker) were tested in a similar task. Birds were trained to identify the 4th or the 6th element in a series of 16 fixed and identical elements, oriented sagittally with respect to the bird in the starting point. When the orientation of the series remained as for the training, birds’ performance was above chance. When generalizing to the series rotated by 90°, birds’ performance was also for pecking at the correct positions significantly above chance, but now birds displayed a bias for locating such positions in the left hemispace. Birds thus exhibited a left-side bias similar to that displayed by humans. It may be the case that a right hemispheric dominance is at play in this sort of tasks, with the left visual hemifield controlling birds’ behaviour, but the resemblance with the human’s behaviour is not negligible
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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