1,721,014 research outputs found
Neurorobotics In Pakistan
No full textNeurosurgery demands highest degree of accuracy and precision. A surgeon’s dexterity may be tested to the human limit when it comes to negotiating with delicate structures inside cranial cavity. Robotic devices can help surgeons cross these human limits and achieve better precision and less invasiveness. With enhanced accuracy, precision and dexterity it is possible to work through small corridors and trajectories causing minimal injury to the normal brain. Unfortunately however, robotics in neurosurgery is not as advanced as it is in other surgical specialties like gynecology and urology….
Neurorobotics In Pakistan
Get PDFNeurosurgery demands highest degree of accuracy and precision. A surgeon’s dexterity may be tested to the human limit when it comes to negotiating with delicate structures inside cranial cavity. Robotic devices can help surgeons cross these human limits and achieve better precision and less invasiveness. With enhanced accuracy, precision and dexterity it is possible to work through small corridors and trajectories causing minimal injury to the normal brain. Unfortunately however, robotics in neurosurgery is not as advanced as it is in other surgical specialties like gynecology and urology….
Ependymal creeping on mri as a differentiating feature of high grade gliomas
No full textGliomas are the most common primary tumors of the brain, early and correct diagnosis of the disease is essential in improving survival. High grade lesions are associated with worse prognosis. Our study assesses ependymal creeping on MRI scans as an indicator of high grade lesions. Methodology: Preoperative MRIs of 94 cases were retrospectively reviewed for ependymal creeping. The glioma group consisted of 69 patients and 25 were in the non glioma group. Data was also analyzed separately for high grade lesions and other lesions. Results: Sensitivity of ependymal creeping for glioma vs non glioma lesions was 82.61% specificity 35.42 % (p value=0.048)c.For high grade lesions sensitivity was 67.39 % and specificity of 64.58 %( p value=0.002) Conclusion: Ependymal creeping is sensitive for identification of glial lesions but specificity is not very high. Ependymal creeping shows greater specificity for high grade glial lesions compared with other lesions and may be suggestive of diagnosis aiding in earlier recognition of such lesions, however histological conformation is needed for final diagnosis.
Keywords: Ependymal creeping, MRI, high grade glioma, identificatio
Does Early Tracheostomy Improve Outcome in Severe Head Injury?
Get PDFObject: To determine if early tracheostomy reduces the duration of mechanical ventilation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay and morbidities associated with it in patients with severe head injury.
Methods: This 5-yr retrospective review included 60 ICU patients with severe traumatic head injury requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Early tracheostomy (ET) was defined as tracheostomy within 7 days, and prolonged endotracheal intubation (EI) as endotracheal intubation for more than 7 days. Among 60 patients, 30 underwent early tracheostomy and 30 remained on prolong EI for ventilation. All patients were comparable in term of age and initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). We evaluated groups regarding clinical outcome in terms of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), ICU stay and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS).
Results: The incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was significantly higher in prolonged Endotracheal Intubation EI group, relative to Early tracheostomy ET group (63% vs. 43%, respectively). ET group showed significantly less ventilator days (9 days vs. 12 days), ICU stay (10 days vs. 13 days), complication rate (13% vs. 18%) and mortality (10% vs.25%). Clinical outcome assessed on the basis of Glascow Outcome Score (GOS) was better in ET group.
Conclusions: In severe head injury early tracheostomy decreases total days of ventilation and ICU stay. Tracheostomy is associated with a decrease in the incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). Early tracheostomy should be considered in severe head injury patients requiring prolong ventilatory support.
 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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