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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Micromelum Minutum (Rutaceae) and Two Eugenia Species (Myrtaceae)
Get PDFDrug discovery has been a goal of mankind since prehistoric times. Plants
continue to be an exceptionally viable source of biologically active natural
products. However, only small portion of the higher plants has been
phytochemically and pharmacologically investigated.
Two separate collections of Micromelum minutum from Sabah and two
Eugenia species, E. chlorantha and E. cumingiana collected from the northern
forest of Perak were subjected to phytochemical investigation with the isolation of
a number of compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by
using spectroscopic methods such as IR, UV, NMR, MS and also by comparison
with previous reports. The crude extracts, essential oil and isolated compounds from these plant materials were evaluated for their antiinflammatory, cytotoxic
and antimicrobial activities using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, MTT and
disc diffusion methods, respectively. Some isolated compounds showed
interesting biological activities
Penetapan Kadar Vitamin C secara Spektrofotometri Ultra Violet dan Sinar Tampak pada Beberapa Tablet dan Sirup Antiflu
No full textPeningkatan Efek Sitotoksik Doxorubicin oleh Naringenin pada Sel Kanker Payudara T47D melalui Induksi Apoptosis
No full textDoxorubicin is one of the standard regiment for breast cancer chemotherapy, but resistance to this agent is often occured and long period usage will induce cardiotoxicity, Therefore, combination therapy (co-chemotherapy) is needed to improve the efficacy of doxorubicin and to reduce its systemic toxicity. Naringenin is one of the most abundant ilavonoids in citrus fruits which showed cytotoxicity in various human cancer cell lines and has mechanisms through pathways except p53. This research is aimed to examine the effect of naringenin in combination with doxorubicin against T47D breast cancer cell which is resistant to doxorubicin due to p53 mutation. The IC50 dan CI (combination index) values were detennined by the MTT assay, The apoptotic stimulation effect of narigenin and doxorubicin was performed by DNA staining using cthidum bromide-acridine orange. Naringenin and doxorubicin exhibited cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 509 µM and 15 nM, respectively. The CI value in all ratios of naringenin-doxorubicin showed synergistic effect (CI 0.20-0.89). Combination ofnaringenin-doxorubicin with concentration smaller than 12,5 µM-0.6 nM in 1:1 ratio exhibited an additive combination effect, The combined treatment increased the apoptotic effect of doxorubicin.These results show that naringenin is potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent with doxonibicin, although the molecular mechanism is still needed to be explored.Doxorubicin masih digunakan sebagai regimen standar kemoterapi kanker payudara, tetapi resistensi terhadap agen ini sering ditemukan, dan pengunaannya dalam jangka waktu larna dapat menimbulkan kardiotoksisitas. Karena itu, agen kombinasi (ko-kemoterapi) perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas doxorubicin dan mengurangi toksisitas sistemiknya. Naringenin, salah satu flavonoid yang melimpah di kulit buah jenlk, memiliki cfck sitotoksik pada berbagai sel kanker dan mekanismenya melalui jalur selain p53. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek naringenin yang dikombinasikan dengan doxorubicin pada sel T47D, model sel kanker payudara yang resisten terhadap doxorubicin karena rnemiliki p53 termutasi. Nilai IC50 dan CI (combination index, indeks kombinasi) ditetapkan dcngan uji MTT. Efek pemacuan apoptosis naringenin dan doxorubicin diamati dengan pengecatan DNA menggunakan etidium bromida-akridin oranye. Naringenin dan doxorubicin memberikan efek sitotoksik dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 509 µM dan 15 nM. Nilai Cl pada berbagai rasio naringenin-doxorubicin menunjukkan efek sinergis (CI = 0,20-0,89). Pada konsentrasi kombinasi naringenin-doxorubicin yang lebih kccil dari 12,5 µM-0,6 nM dengan rasio 1:1 akan diperoleh efek kombinasi aditif, Perlakuan kombinasi meningkatkan efek apoptosis dari doxorubicin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa naringenin berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen ko-kemoterapi bersama doxorubicin, namun tetap dibutuhkan penelusuran rnekanisme moleloiler lebih lanjut
RAPID AUTHENTICATION OF TURMERIC POWDER ADULTERATED WITH CURCUMA ZEDOARIA AND CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA USING FTIR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMOMETRICS
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to develop a rapid, simple, non-destructive and inexpensive analytical method using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) as a sampling technique, combined with chemometrics for authentication of turmeric powder adulterated with Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma xanthorrhiza.
Methods: Turmeric powder is placed above the diamond crystal in ATR compartment. Spectra are scanned in the absorbance mode from 4000 to 600 cm-1. The obtained spectra is further analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-R).
Results: PCA score plot shows that Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza can be discriminated well. PLS-DA can be used to build the model for classification between pure turmeric powder and adulterated powder with the values of Q2, R2X, and R2Y of 0.9558, 0.9813, and 0.9746, respectively. The good calibration model for quantification of each adulterant is obtained by PLS-R with R2 value more than 0.99 and lower RMSEC value. Both models have been validated by internal and external validation which result in the high R2 value and low RMSEP value which indicates that both models are accurate and precise.
Conclusion: The combination of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used to authenticate turmeric powder adulterated with Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Pemacuan Apoptosis oleh Fraksi Kloroform Kulit Batang Bruguiera gymnorhiza pada Sel Kanker Rahim HeLa
No full textEkstrak Air J amur Ling Zhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Leysser) Karsten) Meningkatkan Persentase Sel Limfosit T CD8+ Relatif pada Tikus yang Dipejani Doxorubicin
No full textCancer therapy using chemotherapeutic agents associated with many adversed side effects, including immunosupressant. The use of immunostimulator together with chemotherapeutic agent (co-chemotherapy) can be the alternative method to solve that problem. Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi) has been reported to have immunostimulatory activity. The aim of this research was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of water extract of G. Zucidum by determining the relative CD8+ T lymphocyte cell percentage in rats induced by doxorubicin. Extraction of plant material was carried out by infusion method. Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into six groups, they were doxorubicin as control, commercial product as comparing control, 100 mg/kgBW and 450 mg/kgBW extract treatment, extract control, and without treatment control. Relative CD8+ T lymphocyte cell percentages of blood samples were obtained by flow cytometry by using Multiset program. The data were analyzed statistically using paired sample t test and one way ANOVA continued by Post Hoc test. The result showed that the water extract of G. lucidum increased the relative CD8+ T lymphocyte cell percentage in rats induced by doxorubicin. The water extract of G. lucidum is promising to be developed as co-chemotherapy immunostimulatory agent.Pengobatan kanker dengan agen kemoterapi sering menimbulkan berbagai macam efek samping yang merugikan, termasuk imunosupresi. Penggunaan imunostimulan bersama dengan agen kemoterapi (ko-kemoterapi) dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengatasinya. Ganoderma lucidum (jamur Ling Zhi) dilaporkan menunjukkan aktivitas imunostimulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas imunostimulan ekstrak air G. lucidum dengan menentukan persentase sel limfosit T CD8+ relatif pada hewan uji yang dipejani doxorubicin. Ekstraksi bahan tanaman dilakukan dengan metode infusa. Tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol doxorubicin, kontrol pembanding produk komersil, perlakuan ekstrak dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 450 mg/kgBB, kontrol ekstrak, dan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Persentase sel limfosit T CD8+ relatif dari sampel darah diukur dengan flow cytometry menggunakan program Multiset. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan t test dan one way ANOVA, dilanjutkan Post Hoc test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air G. lucidum mampu meningkatkan persentase sel limfosit T CD8+ relatif pada tikus yang dipejani doxorubicin. Ekstrak air G. lucidum menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen imunostimulan ko-kemoterapi
Synergistic Effect of Areca catechu L. Ethanolic Extract and Its Chloroform Fraction with Doxorubicin on MCF7
No full textEkstrak etanol biji buah pinang (Areca catechu L.) menunjukkan efek sitotoksik pada sel kanker MCF7 dan WiDr. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek sinergisme antara ekstrak etanol biji buah pinang (AE) dan fraksi kioroforrnnya (ACF) dengan doxorubicin (Dox) dalam pemacuan apoptosis sel MCF7. Ekstrak etanol dipartisi dengan n-heksan dan kloroform untuk mendapatkan fraksi kloroforin. Efek sitotoksik.AE, ACF, dan Dox pada perlakuan tunggal dan kornbinasi ditentukan dengan metode MTT. Penganiatan apoptosis dilakukan dengan pengecatan DNA dengan akridin oranye-etidium bromida (double staining). Imunositokimia dilakukan untuk melihat ekspresi COX-2 dan Bax. Kombinasi Dox 100, 250, 334, dan 500 nM dengan AE 8 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 20 µg/ml; serta Dox 100 dan 250 nM dengan ACF 7 dan 18 µg/ml memperlihatkan efek sinergistis yang kuat (CI 0,1-0,3). Sernentara itu, kombinasi Dox 250, 334, dan 500 nM dengan AE 20, 27, dan 40 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 27 dan 40 µg/ml; Dox 100 nM dengan AE 20 µg/mi; Serta 500 nM dengan ACF 24 dan 35 µg/ml menunjukkan efek sinergistis (CI 0,3-0,7). Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi AE dan ACF dengan Dox memperiihatkan efek sinergistis pada MCF7 dengan indeks kombinasi (CI) kurang dari 0,9 (P<0,05). Periakuan kombinasi juga memacu apoptosis. Penekanan ekspresi Bcl-2 terjadi padaperlakuan kombinasi ACF-Dox. Hasil penelitian ini menunjulckan bahwa koinbinasi AE dan ACF dengan Dox memberikan efek sinergistis dalam pemacuan apoptosis dengan kemungkinan mekanisme meialui penekanan ekspresi Bcl-2
In vivo Antiplasmodial of the Most Active Fraction and Its Compound of Kapur Leaves (Harmsiopanax aculeatus Harms) Extract Against Plasmodium berghei
Get PDFIntroduction : The rising of Plasmodium resistance towards chloroquine and other antimalarial drugs have encouraged to discover and develop new drugs mainly derived from natural products. Harmsiopanax aculeatus (kapur plant) has traditionally used by people of in Maluku Province to treat malaria.Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify antiplasmodial activity and its chemical constituents of the most active fraction of kapur leaves.Methods: The dried powder of Kapur leaves (1.3 kg) were extracted successively by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. After removal the solvents the hexane 15.6 g (1.2%), ethyl acetate 53.3 g (4.1%) and methanol 61.1 g (4.7%) extracts were obtained. Those extracts were assayed for their in vivo antiplasmodial activities by using 4-days suppressive test in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, HPIA and identified the compound by GC-MS.Results: The ED50 of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were 467.58, 2074.02 and 16.16 mg/kgBW, respectively. Fractionation of the methanol extract gave 18 combined fractions (FG1 – FG18). FG8 was the most active fraction with the IC50 HPIA of 18.22 μg/ml. Phytochemical test of this fraction using spray reagent showed the existence of essential oils, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds. Separation of FG8using pressed chromatography gave 19 combined fractions (FG8.1-FG8.19). The fraction containing intense blue fluorescent spot (FG8.5) was further separated by PLC fourthly eluted with chloroform. Seven major components with the percentage of compotition more than 3.11% were identified as eugenol (tr = 12.692; 18.22%), isoprophyl myristate (tr = 16.333; 3.99%); bis(2-methylpropyl) phtalat (tr = 16.939; 7.15%); methyl palmitic (tr = 17.442; 3.11%); palmitic acid (tr = 17.883; 25.72%); butyl 2-methylpropyl phtalat (tr = 17.957; 9.37%) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phtalat (tr = 23.258; 23%).Conclusion: Methanol extract of H. aculeatus was the most potential in vivo antiplasmodial activity. Combined fraction 8 which contain 7 compounds was the most active fraction.Keywords: Harmsiopanax aculeatus Harms, in vivo antiplasmodial, HPIA, PLC, GC-M
Brazilein Increased Cytotoxic Activity of Doxorubicin on MCF-7/DOX Cells
Get PDFBrazilein is a compound obtained in a large amount from the dried heartwood of Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Brazilein has strong cytotoxic effect in several cancer cell lines. This research was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of brazilein and its combination with a chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin on MCF-7/DOX breast cancer cells. In the cytotoxicity assay, MCF-7/DOX cells were cultured in the presence of brazilein solely and in combination with doxorubicin for 24 hours and cell viability was evaluated by using MTT assay. MTT assay showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with IC50 value of 37 µM. Brazilein increased doxorubicin’s cytotoxic activity on MCF-7/DOX cells. Both of single treatment with different concentration of brazilein 12.5 and 25 mM or doxorubicin 0.8 and 1 mM gave cell viability percentage above 80%, but combination of them led to decrease the cell viability percentage significantly. Based on this research, it can be concluded that brazilein is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapy agent on breast cancer cell that have been resistant to doxorubicin. Futher study must be held to evaluate its molecular mechanism.Keywords : brazilein, doxorubicin, MCF-7/DOX, cytotoxic.
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