1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Study of the therapeutic potentials of the induced augmentation in adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of chronic mild stress and depression
No full textContexteLe trouble dépressif majeur (TDM) est un problème de santé mentale répandu et l'une des principales causes d'incapacité dans le monde. Cependant, les mécanismes physiopathologiques de la dépression restent à préciser, et les antidépresseurs disponibles sont encore limités dans leurs effets, montrant une capacité limitée à induire une rémission complète chez les patients. En effet, de nombreux patients atteints de TDM présentent des résistances aux traitemens ou des épisodes récurrents. L'hippocampe, et en particulier dans la zone sous-granulaire du gyrus denté, est une des deux régions du cerveau chez le mammifère (la seule chez l’Homme) qui montre la capacité de générer de nouveaux neurones dans le cerveau adulte, un phénomène appelé neurogenèse hippocampique adulte (AHN). Il a été révélé par le passé que l'AHN pouvait être impliquée dans la physiopathologie de la dépression ainsi que, de manière cruciale, dans plusieurs effets comportementaux des antidépresseurs. En tenant compte ces derniers résultats, il a été suggéré qu’une stratégie thérapeutique visant à augmenter spécifiquement l’AHN puisse améliorer l’efficacité de la réponse thérapeutique chez les patients.Matériel et méthodesEn utilisant un modèle murin de stress chronique et dépression, le stress chronique léger imprévisible (UCMS), ce travail de doctorat a eu pour objectif d’étudier si une l'augmentation induite d'AHN pouvait être suffisante pour produire des effets de type antidépresseur au niveau comportemental et au niveau neuroendocrinien.Dans ce but, une lignée de souris bi-transgénique (iBax) a été utilisée, dans laquelle l'AHN pouvait être augmentée de manière inductible en supprimant le gène pro-apoptotique Bax des progéniteurs neuronaux suite à l’action de la recombinase CreERT2 de manière dépendante de la présence de son ligand, le tamoxifène qui pouvait être apporté par injections périphériques. Ce travail s’est ensuite appuyé sur une série d’expérience avec 2 principales cohortes composées de quatre groupes de souris, réparties en fonction de 2 facteurs : environnement (UCMS / non stressé) et traitement (Tamoxifène / véhicule).RésultatsL'UCMS induit une diminution de l’AHN et une syndrome qui rappelle différentes dimensions associées au trouble dépressif. L'UCMS produit un état associé à des comportements anhédonique, et de type anxieux, ainsi qu’à une altération physique (pelage, poids) et des réponses comportementales et neuroendocrinienne (axe HPA) au stress aigu. L’injection de tamoxifène chez les souris UCMS a contrecarré la diminution d'AHN ainsi que partiellement contrebalancé les effets de l’UCMS sur certaines dimensions associées à l’UCMS (anhédonie et axe HPA) mais pas sur d’autres altérations (l'état physique, le poids, comportements associés à l’anxiété et en réponse au stress aigu).ConclusionPris dans leur ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent qu'une stratégie visant à augmenter l'AHN peut être en mesure d'atténuer certaines dimensions comportementales et neuroendocriniennes liées à la dépression de l'UCMS, telles que les déficits de réactivité de l'axe anhédonie et HPA, mais est insuffisante pour produire seule une rémission complète.BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common debilitating mental health problem, and one of the leading causes of disability due to diseases worldwide. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression are still unclear, and the available antidepressants are still limited in their effects, showing poor ability to exhibit complete recovery, where a large percent of medically treated MDD patients show resistance to treatments or recurrent episodes. The hippocampus, and particularly in the sub-granular zone of dentate gyrus, is one of the two brain regions in mammals (the unique region in humans) that display the capability to generate neurons in the adult brain, a process called adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Previous studies have revealed that AHN may be strongly involved in the pathophysiology of MDD as well as in many behavioural effects of antidepressants. Taken these results together, it has been suggested that a therapeutic strategy aiming at increasing AHN could be effective in improving MDD treatment.Material and methodsUsing a mouse model of chronic stress and depression, unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), the current doctorate project aimed to investigate whether inducible AHN increase would be sufficient to produce antidepressant-like effects at behavioral and neuroendocrine levels. For this purpose, a bi-transgenic mouse line (iBax) has been used, in which AHN can be augmented in an inducible manner by deleting the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from the neural progenitors following the tamoxifen-dependent action of CreERT2 recombinases. This work was then based on a series of experiments with two main cohorts that were composed by four groups of mice, according to two factors : environment (UCMS/non-stressed) and treatment (Tamoxifen/ vehicle).ResultsUCMS induced an AHN decrease associated with a syndrome that is reminiscent of depression-like states. The UCMS yielded to states associated with anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviors as well as alterations in physical measures (coat, weight) and in the behavioral and neuroendocrine (HPA axis) responses to acute stress. Tamoxifen injection reversed the AHN decrease as well as partly counteracted UCMS effects on the cookie test and HPA axis but not for the coat state, weight gain, NSF test and FST.ConclusionTaken together, our results suggest that a strategy directing at increasing AHN may be able to alleviate some depression-related behavioral and neuroendocrine dimensions of UCMS, such as anhedonia and HPA axis reactivity deficits, but may be hardly sufficient to produce a complete recovery
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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