817 research outputs found
Resource recovery from waste: An introduction
No full textA large volume of solid and liquid waste is generated due to industrial and urban/suburban/agricultural activities. Management and handling of waste generated is nowadays burning issue for local authorities not only in urban areas, i.e., municipalities, but also in other regions in any country. With increasing urbanization and industrialization, generation of waste/wastewater appropriate disposal, treatment, and/or recycling are posing more challenges as the treatment and disposal costs huge amount in terms of money. However, conceiving the fact that “waste” word is placed wrongly and that it is a resource, resource recovery from wastes has emerged as thrust area of research and management as it offers huge environment and social sustainability potentials. Current researches globally are focusing on the recovery of various resources such as energy, bioproducts, nutrients, metals from waste/wastewater generated by anthropogenic activities, etc. This information needs to be discussed in the present context, and the future perspectives should be explored; most importantly, it should reveal current status, with state-of-the-art information and possibilities for technological exploitation. This chapter elaborates the recovery of various resources from solid and/or liquid waste.GR-G
Waste to wealth: valorization of food waste for the production of fuels and chemicals
No full textFood waste is becoming a major global concern especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. Vegetable and food waste biomass is continuously generated in huge amounts. Its major impact on the environment is the generation of greenhouse gases. Food wastes are generated at different stages like production, handling, storage, processing, as well as consumption. First-generation technologies used for food waste disposal include landfill, incineration, and composting. But these strategies are not satisfactory for food wastes since they produce toxic methane gas and bad odor and have slow reaction kinetics. This can be addressed to a certain extent by adopting alternative strategies of food waste valorization by converting wastes to value-added products like fuels and chemicals. Food waste valorization will provide a green process with least environmental impact. This chapter discusses the latest trends in food waste valorization for the production of fuels and chemicals.GR-G
Directive speech acts in the New Testament
No full textDanuta Pytel-Pandey, WrocławThis article discusses the directive speech acts in the New Testament. The
author presents examples of such acts from the New Testament Scriptures, and
then carries out their pragmalinguistic [email protected]
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Rainwater harvesting, alternative to the water supply in Indian urban areas : The case of Ahmedabad in Gujarat
No full textWater scarcity is a characteristic of north-western states of India, such as Gujarat. Over time, the continuous increase of the population as well as the financial, administrative and technical deficiencies of the new supply system have lead to the deterioration of the water service in the city. In the meantime, the water demand has considerably increased due to the improvement of standards of living. This has resulted in an increasing pressure on underground water resources, which has lead to an alarming depletion of aquifers. From this overall situation arises the question of the use of complementary alternative sources of water in Ahmedabad and more particularly of the rehabilitation of the rainwater harvesting structures still existing in its old city area. The objective of the research is to evaluate to what extent this traditional system may constitute an additional source of water within the Old city of Ahmedabad and may locally reduce the pressure on water demand, assuming that the existing supply system does not fulfil the needs of the users. The results of an exploratory field study conducted in the Old city in 2001-02, which combined quantitative and qualitative aspects, give an outlook on people's opinions and behaviors regarding both systems. Finally, the rehabilitation of rainwater harvesting structures in the Old city of Ahmedabad suggests the necessity of empowering local structures of water management (households, non governmental association) in semi-arid urban areas to create the conditions for a sustainable implementation.rainwater harvesting ; water supply ; water scarcity ; water management ; Ahmedabad Old City ; Pol ; Gujarat ; India
An Interventional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Selected Nutritional Diet on Growth of Pre-Schooler at Selected Slums Area of Bhopal (M.P)
No full textBackground: Children are the future pillars of a nation. Nutrition of these children would determine the strength of tomorrow’s nation. Inadequate nutrition of these children leads to retarded growth and development and may cripple the child the child for life long. Malnutrition is a worldwide problem and a major public health concern. More than half of the yearly 10.8 million deaths of children younger than 5 years are attributed to malnutrition according to the international reference recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selected nutritional diet on growth of pre-schooler. Methods: The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative approach. The research design selected for the study was pre- experimental study one group pre & post-test design. Data was obtained from 30 Pre-schooler children. And sample was selected used purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of demographic Performa and standardized tools. The obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The hypothesis was tested using paired ‘t’ test. The value of ‘t’ was calculated to analyses the difference between mean pre and interventional effect of selected nutritional diet on children. Weight- The value of t- test is t = 23.77 which is greater than table value therefore research hypothesis is accepted. Height- The value of t- test is t = 6.42 which is greater than table value therefore research hypothesis accepted. Conclusion: The study concluded that intervention was effective in increasing the weight and height of pre-schooler children through selected nutritional diet
Current opportunities and challenges in developing hydro-climatic services in the Himalayas: report of pump priming project November 2019
No full textThe India-UK Water Centre (IUKWC) promotes cooperation and collaboration between the complementary priorities of NERC-MoES water security research.
This report assesses the significant issues for hydro-climatic modelling and service development in the mountain regions of northern India. It is the main output from an IUKWC Pump Priming Project that ran from March to August 2018 and has been produced by an author team of climate scientist, hydrologists and glaciologist from India and the UK. It is found that although state-ofthe-art weather forecasting, climate, hydrological and glacier models are being used there are still substantial prediction uncertainties on all prediction timescales. There is a lack of detailed understanding of regional meteorological and hydrological processes, which results in potential misrepresentation of them in the models. Large-scale drivers of regional climate variability in the region have been identified but questions remain about their relevance on different timescales, their interaction, and their representation in global weather forecasting and climate models. Improving short-term predictions and climate change projections requires more meteorological, hydrological and glaciological observations in the Himalayas, improvements in data sharing, as well as additional efforts to integrate meteorological and hydrological modelling. There is also a need for improved communication of predictions to users, which should include their uncertainties.
The report is intended for workshop participants, India-UK Water Centre Open Network members and stakeholders
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