3,410 research outputs found
Comparison of Word Intelligibility in Spoken and Sung Phrases
No full textTwenty listeners were exposed to spoken and sung passages in English produced by three trained vocalists. Passages included representative words extracted from a large database of vocal lyrics, including both popular and classical repertoires. Target words were set within spoken or sung carrier phrases. Sung carrier phrases were selected from classical vocal melodies. Roughly a quarter of all words sung by an unaccompanied soloist were misheard. Sung passages showed a seven-fold decrease in intelligibility compared with their spoken counterparts. The perceptual mistakes occurring with vowels replicate previous studies showing the centralization of vowels. Significant confusions are also evident for consonants, especially voiced stops and nasals
Direct numerical simulation of stagnation region flow and heat transfer with free-stream turbulence
No full textA direct numerical simulation is performed for stagnation- region flow with free- stream turbulence. A fully implicit second- order time- advancement scheme with fourth- order finite differences and an optimized scheme are employed. The optimized scheme is developed to save computational cost. The free- stream turbulence is a precomputed field of isotropic turbulence. The present DNS results in the " damping'' and " attached amplifying'' regimes are found to be similar to those of the organized inflow disturbances. Emphasis is placed on the flow and temperature fields in the " detached amplifying'' regime. The contours of instantaneous flow field illustrate that streamwise vortices are stretched in the streamwise direction by mean strain rate. The temperature field is also stretched in the streamwise direction near the wall. The surface contours reveal that the temperature field is influenced significantly by streamwise vorticity. Due to the dominance of the mean strain, the log- law region is not observed for (u) over bar and (T) over tilde, the inner scaling fails, but the outer scaling works. The single- point turbulence statistics and the turbulent statistics budgets are obtained. The flow statistics reflect the typical characteristics of stagnation- region flow which are generically different from those of other canonical shear flows. One of the typical features of the budgets is that the velocity pressure correlation and the turbulent transport play significant roles in the stagnation- region flow. Finally, the present simulation data are compared with experimental results. It is found that the effect of large- scale eddies on the enhancement of wall heat transfer is substantial in the turbulent stagnation- region heat transfer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics
Two-step procedure for data-based modeling for inferential control applications
No full textA two-step procedure for building an inferential control model, which uses both historical operation data and plant test data, is proposed. Motivation for using the two types of data is given, and a systematic way to combine them in the model-identification step is proposed. Some potential problems associated with the procedure in practice and their solutions are discussed. The efficacy of the procedure is demonstrated in a case study involving a multicomponent distillation column simulated in HYSYS
KIAA1114, a full-length protein encoded by the trophinin gene, is a novel surface marker for isolating tumor-initiating cells of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes
No full textIdentification of novel biomarkers for tumor-initiating cells (TICs) is of critical importance for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers. Here we identified the role of KIAA1114, a full-length translational product of the trophinin gene, as a distinctive marker for TICs in human liver cancer by developing a DNA vaccine-induced monoclonal antibody targeting the putative extracellular domain of KIAA1114. Compared with other established markers of liver TICs, KIAA1114 was unique in that its expression was detected in both alpha fetoprotein (AFP)-positive and AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with the expression levels of KIAA1114 being positively correlated to their tumorigenic potentials. Notably, KIAA1114 expression was strongly detected in primary hepatic tumor, but neither in the adjacent non-tumorous tissue from the same patient nor normal liver tissue. KIAA1114(high) cells isolated from HCC cell lines displayed TIC-like features with superior functional and phenotypic traits compared to their KIAA1114(low) counterparts, including tumorigenic abilities in xenotransplantation model, in vitro colony- and spheroid-forming capabilities, expression of stemness-associated genes, and migratory capacity. Our findings not only address the value of a novel antigen, KIAA1114, as a potential diagnostic factor of human liver cancer, but also as an independent biomarker for identifying TIC populations that could be broadly applied to the heterogeneous HCC subtypes.X1110Nsciescopu
Intravaginal Fc-fused IL-7 attract DNA vaccine-induced CD8 T cell in the genital tract
No full text11sciescopu
TAQ DNA 중합효소에 특이적으로 결합하는 폴리펩타이드 및 그 용도
No full textThe present invention discloses a novel polypeptide capable of binding Taq DNA polymerase, a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, a recombinant vector comprising the polynucleotide, a cell having the recombinant vector introduced therein, a method of producing the polypeptide using the recombinant cell, and a hot-start PCR composition comprising the polypeptide. The polypeptide of the present invention is capable of binding specifically to Taq DNA polymerase to inhibit the activity of the polymerase, and thus may be effectively used in hot-start PCR using Taq DNA polymerase
Input test signal design and parameter estimation method for the Hammerstein-Wiener processes
No full textWe propose a new parameter estimation method for Hammerstein-Wiener-type processes composed of the input-output nonlinear static functions and a linear dynamic subsystem. A special test signal is designed to separate the identification problems of the linear dynamic subsystem and the output nonlinear static function from that of the input nonlinear static function. Then, the system identification procedure can be significantly simplified: the identification problems of the linear dynamic subsystem and the output nonlinear static function can be solved independently without considering the input nonlinear static function, and the model parameters of the input nonlinear static function can also be estimated analytically without any iterative nonlinear optimization. Furthermore, we develop a new estimation algorithm to identify the linear dynamic subsystem and the output nonlinear static function more efficiently. This algorithm does not need to initialize the model parameters of the output nonlinear static function and reduces the searching space in the iterative nonlinear optimization problem, resulting in more robust and faster convergence and easier initialization in the nonlinear optimization compared to previous approaches
Yeast hydrolysate as a low-cost additive to serum-free medium for the production of human thrombopoietin in suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells
No full textTo enhance the performance of a serum-free medium (SFM) for human thrombopoietin (hTPO) production in suspension cultures of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, several low-cost hydrolysates such as yeast hydrolysate (YH), soy hydrolysate, wheat gluten hydrolysate and rice hydrolysate were tested as medium additives. Among various hydrolysates tested, the positive effect of YH on hTPO production was most significant. When 5 g l(-1) YH was added to SFM, the maximum hTPO concentration in batch culture was 40.41 mug ml(-1), which is 11.5 times higher than that in SFM without YH supplementation. This enhanced hTPO production in YH-supplemented SFM was obtained by the combined effect of enhanced q(hTPO) (the specific rate of hTPO production). The supplementation of YH in SFM increased q(hTPO) by 294% and extended culture longevity by >2 days if the culture was terminated at a cell viability of 50%. Furthermore, cell viability throughout the culture using YH-supplemented SFM was higher than that using any other hydrolysate-supplemented SFM tested, thereby minimizing degradation of hTPO susceptible to proteolytic degradation. In addition, YH supplementation did not affect in vivo biological activity of hTPO. Taken together, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of YH as a medium additive for hTPO production in serum-free suspension cultures of rCHO cells
Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells
No full textPurpose: The induction of tissue-localized virus-specific CD8 T-cell response is essential for the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against genital diseases, such as cervical cancer and genital herpes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the immunologic role of IL7 in the induction of mucosal cellular immunity. Experimental Design: IL7 was engineered through Fc fusion to enhance mucosal delivery across the genital epithelial barrier. The immunomodulatory role of IL7 was evaluated by monitoring the kinetics of various immune cells and measuring the expression of chemokines and cytokines after intravaginal administration of Fc-fused IL7 (IL7-Fc). The antitumor effects of intramuscular human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine or topical IL7-Fc alone or in a combinational regimen on mice survival were compared using a orthotopic cervical cancer model. Results: Intravaginal treatment of IL7-Fc, but not native IL7, induces upregulation of chemokines (CXCL10, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5), cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF alpha, IL6, and IL1 beta), and an adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in the genital tract, leading to the recruitment of several leukocytes, including CD4, CD8, gamma delta T cells, and dendritic cells. Importantly, in this murine cervical cancer model, topical administration of IL7-Fc after intramuscular HPV DNA vaccination increases the number of HPV-specific CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa, but not in the spleen, leading to stronger antitumor activity than the HPV DNA vaccine alone. Conclusions: Our findings provide an important insight into the immunomodulatory role of IL7-Fc via topical application and the design of therapeutic vaccine regimen that induces effective genital-mucosal CD8 T-cell responses.1110Ysciescopu
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