104 research outputs found
Household responsibility system and China's agricultural Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change
No full textChina’s extraordinary population expansion and its determinants during the qing period, 1644-1911
Get PDFIt has long been puzzled why and how China’s population was able to multiply four-fold from circa 1750 to 1850. Descriptions/explanations as well as reservations/suspicions vary widely and the debate can be energetic and uncompromising at the same time. This research aims to settle some aspects of the debate both qualitatively by looking at the interplay between China’s resource endowments (e.g. farmland), technology (new crops), institutions (landownership, aided migration, disaster relief and so forth) and exogenous shocks (wars and natural disasters) on the one hand, and quantitatively by deploying empirical test on correlations between populations growth and factors that influenced that growth. Our key findings indicate that China’s demographic upsurge during the Qing Period (1644-1911) was achieved with a synergy of positive factors and mainly by the non-market sector
Impact of Poverty Reduction on Education: Analytical Study from the Perspectives of Rwanda and Sri Lanka
Get PDFPoverty is still a challenge in the development of education in underdeveloped countries in general and particularly in rural areas. Both Rwanda and Sri Lanka have been putting much effort into poverty reduction and achievements are observable. Although both countries put more effort in the education sector among other key priorities for development, an imbalance in access to education between rural and urban areas education still, is observable. Low access and high dropout are high in rural areas compared to urban areas. This paper articulates poverty reduction and its impact on education both in rural and urban areas that is, Rwanda and Sri Lanka. The study uses the secondary data from world development indicators of World Bank and other data from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Education and Cultural Affairs in Sri Lanka. The results show that poverty had been considerably reduced in both countries, Rwanda and Sri Lanka, and also access to education in rural areas increased compared to earlier times. Even though the governments’ emphasis on poverty reduction has positively impacted access to education both rural and urban areas in Rwanda and Sri Lanka. The challenges are still many and affect the quality of education in rural areas and in some parts of urban areas. Keywords: Poverty reduction, Development, Education, Rural, Urba
Forced ruralisation of urban youth during Mao’s rule and women’s status in post-Mao China: an empirical study
Get PDFThis study uses data of “Chinese Household Income Project Survey 2002” to investigate long-term impact of Mao’s persistent policy of “forced/involuntary ruralisation of urban youth” (shangshan xiaxiang, literally “re-settlement in mountains and villages”) during the 1950s and 70s on women’s labour market participation and contribution to family incomes. Our results indicate that the impact of Mao’s forced ruralisation on female labour market participation can be positive (despite diminishing in size due to ageing). In addition, a change from positive to negative impact is largely determined by personal hardship under Maoism and its aftermath. Moreover, regarding female contribution to family incomes, our findings suggest that forcefully ruralised urban women have more bargaining power later in family finance. Our conclusion is that against all the odds Mao’s “forced ruralisation of urban youth” has improved family and societal positions of female victims in the post-Mao era as an unintended consequence of Maoism
Property Rights, Labor Mobility and Collectivization: The Impact of Institutional Changes on China’s Agriculture in 1950-1978
Get PDFThis paper evaluates the impact of property rights, labor mobility barriers and degrees of collectivization on China’s agricultural growth in 1950-1978. Using a semi-Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis, we find that collective production with free labor mobility and private property rights was the most efficient institutional setting. Although deviations from the two institutions resulted in a decline in agricultural production, the loss in agricultural production from labor mobility barriers was up to five times greater than loss from depriving farmers of private property rights
The Ranks of Corrupt Officials, the Legal Institutional Design and the Distortion of Corruption Punishment
No full text- …
