1,721,028 research outputs found
Quality Pine Wood Sawdust Waste Particle Board (Pinus merkusii) Using Gambir-Sucrose Adhesive
No full textParticleboard without synthetic adhesives has the opportunity to be developed to replace similar products with synthetic adhesives. Pine wood saw waste has great potential to be used as particle board without synthetic adhesives. The use of pine sawmill waste is still limited to the furniture and household crafts industries and has not been processed into technological products. One alternative binding material can come from vegetable materials, namely gambier-based tannin. Sucrose is a natural ingredient that has potential as a natural adhesive to replace formaldehyde-based synthetic adhesives. This research aims to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of pine particle board using gambier-sucrose adhesive and analyze the influence of the ratio of adhesive materials and compression temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of pine particle board. This research method refers to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 (2003) standard with a board size of 25 x 25 x 1 cm. The adhesive used is gambier-sucrose adhesive with two treatment factors, namely the adhesive ratio (25/75, 50/50, 75/25) and compression temperature (180 ℃, 200 ℃), 30% adhesive content, and 35 Mpa compression pressure. for 15 minutes for 3 repetitions. The results of the research show that the ratio of adhesive materials and compression temperature does not have a significant effect on testing the density, water content, water absorption capacity, modulus of rupture, and has a significant effect on testing the thickness development, modulus of elasticity and internal bond of particle board with their respective values. testing, namely, density 0,44-0,51%, water content 8,50-9,87%, water absorption capacity 113,98-191,06%, thickness expansion 11,48-26,10%, modulus of elasticity 155,66-975,86 kgf/cm2, modulus of rupture 1,84-8,14 kgf/cm2, and internal bond 0,06-0,41 kgf/cm2. The physical properties test showed that the density, water content and thickness expansion with an adhesive material ratio of 25/75 with a compression temperature of 200 ℃ met the standards of Japanese Industrial Standard A (2003), while the mechanical properties test did not meet the standards. The best treatment is found in an adhesive material ratio of gambier/sucrose 25/75 with a compression temperature of 200 oC.59 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Characteristics of Natural Gambir Adhesive (Uncaria gambir) from Pakpak Bharat, North Sumatra)
No full textGambir is a sap extracted from the leaves and twigs of the gambier plant. Pakpak Bharat Regency is one of the largest gambier producers in North Sumatra Province. Apart from being a traditional medicine and beauty agent, gambier also has potential in the industrial sector as a material for making adhesives such as plywood and particle board. Sucrose can also function as a binder or adhesive independently, this indicates that the OH group in sucrose can form quite strong hydrogen bonds with lignocellulose. The purpose of adding sucrose is to add hydroxyl groups between sucrose and gambier which will bind to cellulose. This research aims to test the characteristics of gambier, test the characteristics of gambier adhesive, and analyze the influence of the gambier-sucrose ratio factor in the adhesive on the quality of pine powder particle board. This research method refers to SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000, SNI 06-4567˗1998 and JIS A 5908-2003. Gambir-sucrose adhesive is made in five material ratios, namely the gambier-sucrose ratio of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, and for boards using two ratios, namely the ratio 75/25 and 25/75 and the temperature applied to making the board is 200ºC. The results of this research show that gambier from Pakpak Bharat contains 78.50% catechin with condition characteristics and water content that meet SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000 standards. For gambier-sucrose adhesive it meets SNI 06-4567˗1998 standards regarding shape, color and presence of impurities. (100% sucrose), ash content (0/100), solids content (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50), specific gravity (75/25, 50/50). In the physical properties test, it shows that the density meets the JIS A-5908˗2003 standard, in the power test results the water content at a 50/50 ratio meets the standard with values of 0.51-0.58 g/cm3 and 6.68%, while in testing for water absorption, thickness development, and internal bond, it does not meet the JIS A-5908˗2003 standards.63 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Making Wood Plastic Composites from Red Meranti Wood Sawdust Waste (Shorea sp.) and Polypropylene Plastic Waste
No full textOne way to reduce polypropylene plastic and meranti sawdust (Shorea sp.) waste is to produce wood plastic composite. In this research, wood plastic composite were produced with a ratio of polypropylene plastic: red meranti (weight/weight) of 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, referring to previous studies which showed that a plastic content of 60% to 80% produced optimal composite boards, as well as the addition of 5% maleic anhydride (MAH) binding agent to compare the quality of the boards. This study aims to analyze the effect of the polypropylene (PP):red meranti ratio on the characteristics of plastic composite boards, analyze the effect of the addition of maleic anhydride on material compatibility, and examine the interaction between the PP:red meranti ratio and the addition of MAH. The method for manufacturing plastic composite boards included preparing materials according to the PP:red meranti ratio, namely 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, and adding 5% MAH. The heating and pressing process was carried out at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes with a pressure of 35 kgf/cm². The board testing included physical and mechanical property testing in accordance with JIS A 5908 (2003) and FAO (1996) standards. The physical property test results showed a density ranging from 0.72 to 0.89 g/cm³, water content of 0.33 to 1.64%, water absorption rate of 4.72 to 27.69%, and thickness expansion of 3.62 to 7.93%. The Mechanical property tests showed a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) ranging from 13,039.71 to 17,085.32 kgf/cm², a Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of 93.39 to 132.16 kgf/cm², and Internal Bonding (IB) of 1.50 to 3.03 kgf/cm². Weighting of the boards was carried out in accordance with JIS A 5908 (2003) and FAO 1966 standards, resulting in a ratio of 70:30, with MAH being the best board. Based on statistical analysis, the ratio of raw materials has an effect on improving the physical and mechanical properties of the boards, and the addition of MAH can improve the physical properties of the boards.67 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Formulation and Characteristics of Gambir (Uncaria gambir) from Dairi, North Sumatra as a Natural Adhesive
No full textGambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is one of the important non-timber forest products in Indonesia, especially in Dairi Regency, North Sumatra. Gambier can be used as a raw material for adhesives because it contains catechins and tannins. Gambier can be used as a sole adhesive but its quality is low, therefore it is necessary to add other binding materials such as sucrose. Sucrose has good adhesive properties and is environmentally friendly. This research aims to test the characteristics of gambier, the characteristics of gambier-sucrose adhesive and analyze the influence of the ratio of gambier-sucrose adhesive on the quality of particle board. This research method refers to SNI 01-3391 (2000), SNI 06-4567 (1998) and JIS A 5908 (2003). In testing the characteristics of gambier-sucrose adhesive using the ratio 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 and on board characteristic tests 50/50 and 25/75. The research results showed that gambier from Dairi contained 74.28% catechin with condition characteristics and water content that met SNI 01-3391 (2001). Gambir-sucrose adhesive meets SNI 06- 4567 (1998) in terms of shape characteristics (50/50, 25/75 and 0/100), presence of impurities (0/100), solids content (100/0, 75/25 and 50/ 50), specific gravity (75/25 and 50/50). In testing the physical properties of meranti wood particle board, it shows that the density and water content meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with values of 0.55-0.58 kg/cm² and 8.48-8.63% with a ratio of gambir/cm² adhesive. sucrose 50/50 and 25/75. The best treatment is a 50/50 adhesive material ratio with a temperature of 200ºC. In the T-test test results, only the water content value is the same between the two ratios.54 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Formulation and Characteristics of Gambir (Uncaria gambir) from Dairi, North Sumatra as a Natural Adhesive
No full textGambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is one of the important non-timber forest products in Indonesia, especially in Dairi Regency, North Sumatra. Gambier can be used as a raw material for adhesives because it contains catechins and tannins. Gambier can be used as a sole adhesive but its quality is low, therefore it is necessary to add other binding materials such as sucrose. Sucrose has good adhesive properties and is environmentally friendly. This research aims to test the characteristics of gambier, the characteristics of gambier-sucrose adhesive and analyze the influence of the ratio of gambier-sucrose adhesive on the quality of particle board. This research method refers to SNI 01-3391 (2000), SNI 06-4567 (1998) and JIS A 5908 (2003). In testing the characteristics of gambier-sucrose adhesive using the ratio 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 and on board characteristic tests 50/50 and 25/75. The research results showed that gambier from Dairi contained 74.28% catechin with condition characteristics and water content that met SNI 01-3391 (2001). Gambir-sucrose adhesive meets SNI 06- 4567 (1998) in terms of shape characteristics (50/50, 25/75 and 0/100), presence of impurities (0/100), solids content (100/0, 75/25 and 50/ 50), specific gravity (75/25 and 50/50). In testing the physical properties of meranti wood particle board, it shows that the density and water content meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standards, with values of 0.55-0.58 kg/cm² and 8.48-8.63% with a ratio of gambir/cm² adhesive. sucrose 50/50 and 25/75. The best treatment is a 50/50 adhesive material ratio with a temperature of 200ºC. In the T-test test results, only the water content value is the same between the two ratios.54 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Characteristics of Natural Gambir Adhesive (Uncaria gambir) from Pakpak Bharat, North Sumatra)
No full textGambir is a sap extracted from the leaves and twigs of the gambier plant. Pakpak Bharat Regency is one of the largest gambier producers in North Sumatra Province. Apart from being a traditional medicine and beauty agent, gambier also has potential in the industrial sector as a material for making adhesives such as plywood and particle board. Sucrose can also function as a binder or adhesive independently, this indicates that the OH group in sucrose can form quite strong hydrogen bonds with lignocellulose. The purpose of adding sucrose is to add hydroxyl groups between sucrose and gambier which will bind to cellulose. This research aims to test the characteristics of gambier, test the characteristics of gambier adhesive, and analyze the influence of the gambier-sucrose ratio factor in the adhesive on the quality of pine powder particle board. This research method refers to SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000, SNI 06-4567˗1998 and JIS A 5908-2003. Gambir-sucrose adhesive is made in five material ratios, namely the gambier-sucrose ratio of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, and for boards using two ratios, namely the ratio 75/25 and 25/75 and the temperature applied to making the board is 200ºC. The results of this research show that gambier from Pakpak Bharat contains 78.50% catechin with condition characteristics and water content that meet SNI 01-3391 ˗ 2000 standards. For gambier-sucrose adhesive it meets SNI 06-4567˗1998 standards regarding shape, color and presence of impurities. (100% sucrose), ash content (0/100), solids content (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50), specific gravity (75/25, 50/50). In the physical properties test, it shows that the density meets the JIS A-5908˗2003 standard, in the power test results the water content at a 50/50 ratio meets the standard with values of 0.51-0.58 g/cm3 and 6.68%, while in testing for water absorption, thickness development, and internal bond, it does not meet the JIS A-5908˗2003 standards.63 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analisis Pengelolaan dan Pemasaran Madu oleh Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Bunga Mekar di Desa Karing Kecamatan Berampu Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara
No full textNon-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) are biological forest products, both
vegetable and animal origin, along with their derivative and cultivated products,
except for wood originating from forests. One of them is a beekeeping business that
produces honey. In developing the beekeeping business at KTH Bunga Mekar,
optimal results have not been achieved. The problems that arise for farmers at KTH
Bunga Mekar are the honey bee management model in producing more honey with
good quality, honey packaging is also done manually and product marketing is still
done individually. This research method is a quantitative and qualitative research
method, namely survey respondents and observations. The population of this study
were all members of KTH Bunga Mekar, namely 25 people. The sampling technique
is a census sampling technique (non-random sample). The data taken in this study
are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis is the analysis of honey bee
management and marketing of honey bees. The results showed that honey bee
management consisted of bee colony preparation, colony transfer, colony care and
maintenance, honey harvesting and packaging. The best marketing channel for
honey at KTH Bunga Mekar is channel I, where farmers directly sell honey to end
consumers. In marketing channel I, the value of the marketing margin is IDR 0 per
bottle and the farmer's share is 100%. Each breeder earns Rp. 184,667 from 2
bottles of 650 ml honey products. The R/C ratio value of honey products from the
stup is 1.95 indicating that the KTH Bunga Mekar honey bee cultivation business
in Karing Village is feasible to run.76 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Changes in Natural Dye from Teak Leaves Due to the Effect of Water Reduction During Boiling and Types of Mordant
No full textThe demand for dyes is increasing with the development of the textile industry, which requires dyes for fabric coloring. However, most dyes used are synthetic and can pollute the environment. This research aims to determine the effect of reducing water during boiling and the type of mordant on the quality of natural dyes from teak leaves. The research method involved preparing raw materials, conducting the extraction process, scouring process, soaking the fabric in teak leaf dye, and the fixation process. During the extraction stage, water reduction variations were 75%, 50%, and 25%. In the fixation stage, three types of fixatives were used: Calcium oxide, alum, and tunjung. The results showed that the percentage of extraction water reduction did not affect color retention, color difference, washing fastness and drying fastness. This study showed that the value of fixation use did not significantly affect retention and color fastness to washing, while the use of fixation had a significant effect on color difference and color fastness to drying. Based on the interaction between the percentage of extraction water reduction and the type of fixation material, A 25% reduction in extraction water with tunjung fixation produced the highest retention value. Meanwhile, the highest color difference was achieved with a 50% reduction in extraction water using tunjung fixation. For color fastness to washing, the best combination was a 25% reduction in extraction water with tunjung fixation. In contrast, the best color fastness to sunlight was found in fabrics with a 50% reduction in extraction water using alum fixation.55 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Effect of Teak Leaf Raw Material Size and Proportion of Raw Material to Hot Water on the Changes of Natural Dyes
No full textNatural dyes are a solution to synthetic dyes that are less environmentally friendly and not good for health. Natural dyes can be found from many natural sources, one of which is from plants. Teak leaves (Tectona grandis) have the potential to produce natural dyes because of the anthocyanin pigments they contain. The process of obtaining dyes begins with the extraction process. The easiest and simplest extraction process is boiling. The extraction process is influenced by many factors, such as the size of the raw material and the proportion of the raw material to the solvent. Extraction in this study was carried out using a combination of treatments, namely the size of raw materials consisting of large (Whole), medium (5cm) and small (1cm) and the proportion of raw materials with water, namely 1:4, 1:6, 1:8. This study was conducted to analyze a good treatment combination in producing quality natural dyes. Extraction is carried out until the water is reduced to half through boiling. The results of the extraction were applied to the fabric and then passed the fixation stage, then tested. The results of the color change test on the fabric are classified in the large change category with a value range of 32.43-51.54. The average color retention test value ranges from 2.52-6.81%. The greater the number of retention the better the quality of absorption. The best retention was in the small leaf treatment (A3), 1L water proportion (B1). From the sunlight and washing fastness test, it was found that the higher the ΔE value, the greater the fastness and vice versa. In the sunlight fastness test, the values ranged from 0.94-3.35 while washing ranged from 1.88-6.15. In both fading tests, the most influential fading is the treatment of small leaves (A3), 1L water (B1).65 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Nilai Ekonomi Rantai Pemasaran dan Kontribusi Kelayakan Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) sebagai Sumber Penghasilan bagi Masyarakat di Desa Sei Limbat Kecamatan Selesai Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara
No full textOne of the non-timber forest products is sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) as a producer of starch (carbohydrates), almost all parts of the palm tree are useful and can be used for various needs. Ranging from the physical parts (roots, stems, leaves, fibers and others) as well as the product. the production. The market potential for palm sugar is getting bigger and even has the potential for export, because the consumption of non-glucose sugar (produced from palm sugar) is higher than glucose sugar from sugar cane. However, the biggest problem experienced by palm sugar entrepreneurs in Sei Limbat Village is the low increase in palm sugar prices, even from 2019 the price of palm sugar has not increased, only around 18.000 rupiah until now . This study aims to determine the economic value, analysis of palm development and marketing chain of sugar palm business. Data collection includes primary data and secondary data. Respondents were taken using the census method to sugar palm farmers. Data analysis carried out in Sei Limbat Village is an analysis of economic value, marketing chain and feasibility analysis. The results showed that the economic value of sugar palm was Rp. 950.832.000/year, kolang-kaling Rp. 2.832.000.000/year, and palm fiber of Rp. 14.400.000/year. There are three marketing chain for palm sugar in Sei Limbat Village. The average palm production business in Sei Limbat Village is declared feasible to run because the production volume bigger than BEP production bigger than BEP price and the R/C ratio obtained is bigger than 1, which is 2,25. From results of the study, it was found that to increase the economic value and price of palm sugar, a renewal was needed, from sap which was processed into palm sugar diversified into palm zuiker.74 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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