169,931 research outputs found

    L’eccezione che conferma la regola. Grazia, potere giudiziario e circolari ministeriali tra XIX e XX secolo

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    Il contributo osserva le zone “grigie” dell’ordinamento giuridico adottando il peculiare osservatorio della comunicazione tra Guardasigilli e Procure in relazione all'esercizio della “grazia”. Il progetto liberale di una giustizia eguale e certa si scontra con una realtà distante dall'ideale, spesso il dettato legislativo è contraddittorio e lacunoso. Le circolari ministeriali, dunque, vorrebbero dare indicazioni interpretative uniformi, tuttavia, non sono una fonte giuridica vincolante. Dall'osservazione delle comunicazioni interne al potere giudiziario emerge un panorama complesso: le circolari ministeriali non si limitano a contenere ordini gerarchici, talvolta raccolgono, per generalizzarle, le istanze e le soluzioni praticate nelle periferie del Regno

    La grazia ad Amilcare Cipriani: principio d’eguaglianza, giurati e strategie di pressione sull’opinione pubblica,

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    Il contributo ripercorre le romanzesche vicende processuali di Amilcare Cipriani, noto esponente garibaldino nonché colonnello della Comune di Parigi. Il caso celebre permette di affrontare alcuni nodi della giustizia penale di fine Ottocento. Anzitutto le politiche penali di una borghesia liberale incalzata dal dissenso politico e sociale. Da un lato si rileva il tentativo di piegare il sistema processuale a difesa dell'ordine costituito, anche facendo leva sui limiti del processo penale misto. D'altro lato la dimensione giuridica che talvolta pone dei limiti al potere politico ma che, tuttavia, soffre d'un'idea distorta del principio d'uguaglianza inteso come mera uniforme applicazione della legge. Un ruolo decisivo l'avrà l'opinione pubblica, su questa si poggeranno le decisioni del governo e degli "amici" di Cipriani. Paradossalmente la liberazione di Cipriani, voluta dall'opinione pubblica contro la sentenza di condanna, sarà invece l'esito d'una lucida strategia di scienza del governo per piegare il consenso dell'opinione pubblica a favore dello Stato

    Steady-State Directional Control Test – a comparison between Electric and ICE Quadricycle Vehicles

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    The paper deals with the comparative analysis of the results of a steady-state directional control test following a constant radius method of a quadricicle with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in the standard version and with electric power train in Electric Version (EV)

    Antimicrobial therapy in neonatal intensive care unit

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    Severe infections represent the main cause of neonatal mortality accounting for more than one million neonatal deaths worldwide every year. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medications in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and in industrialized countries about 1% of neonates are exposed to antibiotic therapy. Sepsis has often nonspecific signs and symptoms and empiric antimicrobial therapy is promptly initiated in high risk of sepsis or symptomatic infants. However continued use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in the setting of negative cultures especially in preterm infants may not be harmless. The benefits of antibiotic therapy when indicated are clearly enormous, but the continued use of antibiotics without any microbiological justification is dangerous and only leads to adverse events. The purpose of this review is to highlight the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the NICUs, to exam the impact of antibiotic treatment in preterm infants with negative cultures and to summarize existing knowledge regarding the appropriate choice of antimicrobial agents and optimal duration of therapy in neonates with suspected or culture-proven sepsis in order to prevent serious consequences

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Race car performance evaluation by a neuro-fuzzy inference system

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    In this paper, a tool supporting racing car design and set-up is proposed. A neuro-fuzzy inference system is used to model performance using set-up parameters. This approach has been suggested by the need of adopting a linguistic description of the system itself. The network has been developed by performance simulations of a race car in known conditions. A variational analysis of the output surfaces can provide a simply way to achieve the desired car performance
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