1,721,053 research outputs found
Models of states of emergency in Slovakia and their political context: We will manage somehow
No full textEmergencies are sticky and tricky; justifications keep surfacing for retaining them, showing how legal regulations are shaped by emergency discourses. This chapter scrutinises the Slovak models of emergency regimes, with attention to their political context. Firstly, it traces references to emergencies during the constitution-making and constitution-amending processes shortly after the establishment of independent Slovakia in 1993, accounting for the shared legacies with Czechia. This shows the insignificance of the semi-authoritarian period of 1994–1998 for calibrating emergency regulations, in contrast to Slovakia's EU and NATO integration which underpinned a key constitutional amendment in 2001 and the subsequent adoption of the Constitutional Act on State Security (CASS). The CASS introduced four main emergency regimes, three of which have never been invoked. The omission of emergencies for health reasons by the legislators served to justify an amendment to the CASS in 2020, on the grounds of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, the Slovak Constitutional Court's case law on the states of emergency is considered, showing the lack of preparedness for ‘practising emergencies’ in the Slovak constitutional discourse. The chapter ultimately highlights the executive's extensive agenda-shaping role and the reactionary nature of regulation in Slovakia, troubling for maintaining democracy during emergencie
A widening gap : Fundamental rights and states of emergency in Slovakia
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that the extended restrictions of some fundamental rights during states of emergency cause intense public discussion about the competence of the governments to execute such restrictions, the consequences stemming from rights violations and the avenues to gain redress. In other cases, however, such discussion was missing in the public discourse, particularly about human rights belonging to the second ‘generation’. This chapter argues that states of emergency might widen an already existing gap in how first- and second-generation rights are perceived, resulting in reduced scrutiny of governmental decisions. It focuses on the right to education in Slovakia, a country which particularly underperforms in education standards, with implications for the respect towards education as a fundamental right. The analysis of selected Slovak institutional and policy documents issued before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 as a critical juncture for shaping rights restrictions during emergencies demonstrates the lack of determination to protect second-generation rights by default. Yet, the framing of education in key segments of the official discourse during the first months of the pandemic shows how the gap between the right to education and first-generation rights has been exacerbated in the wake of an emergenc
States of emergency and fundamental rights in books and in action : the Visegrad countries and the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textEmergencies are ubiquitous in 21st-century societal discourses. From the rise of emergency pronouncements in the United States since 9/11 accompanied by the associated violations of fundamental rights, through talks of ‘crises’ in the EU in relation to the economy, Putin’s occupation of Crimea (as recently amplified by the full-scale invasion of Ukraine) or refugees, to the long-neglected looming climate catastrophe, emergency discourses have been catapulted to the centre of attention by the critical juncture of the COVID-19 pandemic. This volume presents and compares the existing regulations and practices of emergencies and human rights protection in the Visegrad (V4) countries. As such, the analysis covers Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Although these European countries share a common historical experience and are now members of the EU and NATO, they differ in some of their constitutional traditions and, also, in the dynamics of their political regimes. Divided into three parts, the first two comprehensively discuss the constitutional models of emergency and human rights protection in each of the V4 countries, while the third part illustrates how these models and the general framework of rights protection materialised in the limitations of the selected human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. The volume provides a compass for more in-depth, comparative, and interdisciplinary inquiries into the forms and practices of emergencies in one of the EU regions that faces illiberalisation and the consequences of the ongoing invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on its eastern borders. It will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers, and policymakers working in the areas of Constitutional Law and Politics
States of emergency and human rights protection : the theory and practice of the Visegrad countries
No full textEmergencies are ubiquitous in 21st-century societal discourses. From the rise of emergency pronouncements in the United States since 9/11 accompanied by the associated violations of fundamental rights, through talks of ‘crises’ in the EU in relation to the economy, Putin’s occupation of Crimea (as recently amplified by the full-scale invasion of Ukraine) or refugees, to the long-neglected looming climate catastrophe, emergency discourses have been catapulted to the centre of attention by the critical juncture of the COVID-19 pandemic.
This volume presents and compares the existing regulations and practices of emergencies and human rights protection in the Visegrad (V4) countries. As such, the analysis covers Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Although these European countries share a common historical experience and are now members of the EU and NATO, they differ in some of their constitutional traditions and, also, in the dynamics of their political regimes. Divided into three parts, the first two comprehensively discuss the constitutional models of emergency and human rights protection in each of the V4 countries, while the third part illustrates how these models and the general framework of rights protection materialised in the limitations of the selected human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The volume provides a compass for more in-depth, comparative, and interdisciplinary inquiries into the forms and practices of emergencies in one of the EU regions that faces illiberalisation and the consequences of the ongoing invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on its eastern borders. It will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers, and policymakers working in the areas of Constitutional Law and Politic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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