1,720,979 research outputs found
Mitochondrial lineages in Ladin-speaking communities of the Eastern Alps
No full textEuropean mitochondrial alleles cluster into five haplogroups. Haplogroup 2 is rare in general, but represents more than half of the few known sequences among Ladin speakers of the Alps. Here we describe DNA diversity in control region I of the hypervariable D-loop in 43 Ladins, and in 25 Italian speakers. Analysis of these data, and of previously published sequences, confirms a high degree of differentiation among Ladins and their geographical neighbours. This cannot be regarded as a simple effect of isolating factors, geographic or linguistic, as diversity is high within Ladin communities too. Rather, allele genealogies, population trees, and principal component analysis suggest a relationship between Ladin and Near Eastern samples. Two evolutionary hypotheses seem compatible with these findings. The view whereby Ladins could be descended from Palaeolithic inhabitants of the Alps is supported by the identification, in this study, of the probable ancestral haplotype of group 2, never previously observed in central Europe. Alternatively, a comparatively recent, Neolithic immigration of the ancestors of current Ladin speakers seems consistent with recent linguistic theories. In both cases, the number of lineages present, and their extensive diversity, are not compatible with a serious bottleneck in the Ladin population's history
Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation across linguistic and geographic boundaries in Italy
No full textA previous investigation demonstrated the existence of extensive allele frequency diversity within an area of northern Italy crossed by a linguistic (dialect) boundary and by the Po River, either of them or both presumably constraining gene flow. We obtained hair samples from 45 school pupils from 9 localities in that area and sequenced a 255-bp segment of the mtDNA D loop. Estimates of the minimum number of migration events from gene genealogies suggest that the linguistic barrier impaired gene flow more than the river did. However, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most sequence diversity occurs within rather than between populations and that the differences between groups of populations, defined either by linguistic or geographic criteria, do not reach significance. Three areas of rapid genetic variation were identified; their locations suggest that populations of the western part of the study area evolved in relative isolation. Therefore mtDNA sequence variation does not seem to reflect the same processes--drift and presence of dispersal barriers--that led to the observed distributions of nuclear allele frequencies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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