381 research outputs found
Reversal of ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation by taurine: A study in rats
No full textWhole blood folate, homocysteine in serum, and risk of first acute myocardial infarction
No full textCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease and homocysteine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
No full textBackground: There is evidence that homocysteine contributes to various neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: To assess the values of homocysteine in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Methods: Study design: Case control study. Total homocysteine was quantified in CSF and plasma samples of CJD patients (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 13). Results: Mean values in healthy controls: 0.15 mumol/l +/- 0.07 (CSF) and 9.10 mumol/l +/- 2.99 (plasma); mean values in CJD patients: 0.13 mumol/l +/- 0.03 (CSF) and 9.22 mumol/l +/- 1.81 (plasma). No significant differences between CJD patients and controls were observed (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that the CSF and plasma of CJD patients showed no higher endogenous levels of homocysteine as compared to normal healthy controls. These findings provide no evidence for an additional role of homocysteine in the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CJD neurodegeneration. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
Repeated ethanol withdrawal delays development of focal seizures in hippocampal kindling
No full textGlutamaterge Neurotransmission bei Schizophrenien
No full textGlutamat ist der wichtigste erregende Neurotransmitter im zentralen Nervensystem. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass seine Aktivität bei schizophrenen Patienten vermindert, an anderen Stellen vermehrt ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden mit epidemiologischen, genetischen, histopathologischen und bildgebenden Untersuchungen deutliche Fortschritte in der Aufklärung der Krankheitsursachen erreicht und es wurden zunehmend integrative Modelle zur Pathogenese und Pathophysiologie schizophrener Psychosen entwickelt. Wenngleich auch verschiedene Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren und Stressoren zur Manifestation von schizophrenen Psychosen führen können, bildet die Glutamathypothese mit dem Modell eines kortiko-striato-thalamo-kortikalen Regelkreises weiterhin eine interessante Grundlage und bietet auch künftig zahlreiche Forschungsansätze, insbesondere in der weiteren Aufklärung der Affektion von Glutamatrezeptoren (z. B. NMDA-Rezeptoren), der glutamatergen Transmission sowie deren pharmakologische Beeinflussbarkeit. Glutamate is the most abundant amino acid in the brain, where it plays an important role as a well-established major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It has been suggested that reduced glutamate neurotransmission may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates alterations in the glutamatergic system as an important neurobiochemical event in the pathophysiology of this group of psychotic disorders. An altered glutamate release from synaptosomes including a hypofunction of different glutamate receptors (i.e. NMDA receptors) from different brain areas have previously been reported. Furthermore, partial agonists at the glycine co-agonist site of the NMDA receptor might be a new approach in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms but further studies are necessary to clarify the role and efficacy of these substances in schizophrenia. Changes in the glutamatergic cortico-striatal connections in schizophrenia could precipitate a potential perceptive overstimulation of the neocortex from thalamic input and an inhibiting influence of the striatum on the thalamus would modulate the information input of the cortex, thereby possibly counteracting the disturbed information processing which is relatively characteristic for schizophrenic psychoses
Glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenics
No full textGlutamate is the most abundant amino acid in the brain, where it plays an important role as a well-established major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. it has been suggested that reduced glutamate neurotransmission may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates alterations in the glutamatergic system as an important neurobiochemical event in the pathophysiology of this group of psychotic disorders. An altered glutamate release from synaptosomes including a hypofunction of different glutamate receptors (i.e. NMDA receptors) from different brain areas have previously been reported. Furthermore, partial agonists at the glycine co-agonist site of the NMDA receptor might be a new approach in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms but further studies are necessary to clarify the role and efficacy of these substances in schizophrenia. Changes in the glutamatergic cortico-striatal connections in schizophrenia could precipitate a potential perceptive overstimulation of the neocortex from thalamic input and an inhibiting influence of the striatum on the thalamus would modulate the information input of the cortex, thereby possibly counteracting the disturbed information processing which is relatively characteristic for schizophrenic psychoses
Glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenics
No full textGlutamate is the most abundant amino acid in the brain, where it plays an important role as a well-established major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. it has been suggested that reduced glutamate neurotransmission may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates alterations in the glutamatergic system as an important neurobiochemical event in the pathophysiology of this group of psychotic disorders. An altered glutamate release from synaptosomes including a hypofunction of different glutamate receptors (i.e. NMDA receptors) from different brain areas have previously been reported. Furthermore, partial agonists at the glycine co-agonist site of the NMDA receptor might be a new approach in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms but further studies are necessary to clarify the role and efficacy of these substances in schizophrenia. Changes in the glutamatergic cortico-striatal connections in schizophrenia could precipitate a potential perceptive overstimulation of the neocortex from thalamic input and an inhibiting influence of the striatum on the thalamus would modulate the information input of the cortex, thereby possibly counteracting the disturbed information processing which is relatively characteristic for schizophrenic psychoses
Supplemental material for Design of a joint research data platform: A use case for severity assessment
No full textSupplemental Material for Design of a joint research data platform: A use case for severity assessment by Steven R Talbot, Stefan Bruch, Fabian Kießling, Michael Marschollek, Branco Jandric, René H Tolba and André Bleich in Laboratory Animals</p
Tolerability and efficacy of zuclopenthixol in the treatment of gerontopsychiatric patients - A prospective study
No full textNeuroleptic drugs are of proven value in the therapy of aggression, restlessness and sleep disorders in gerontopsychiatric practice. In a post marketing study (PMS) a total of 241 gerontopsychiatric patients were observed under realistic treatment conditions to evaluate effects and side-effects of zuclopenthixol treatment. Descriptive and interference-statistical methods of efficacy analysis showed a high degree of efficiency of zuclopenthixol in older patients with psychotic symptoms, organic symptoms and/or behavioral disorders. In spite of the relatively high age of the patients and frequent comorbidity and medications, there were only few side-effects of zuclopenthixol
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