322,922 research outputs found
A study on microbial and chemical pollution of surface waters with special reference to metals, VHO and pesticides.
No full textThe Authors of the present study have evaluated the quality of Torrente Savena water, examining the major bacteriological and physical-chemical parameters such as metals, volatile halogenated organocompounds and pesticides, known for their persistence in the environment. The results, obtained from two sampling points, Pianoro (hilly country) and S. Lazzaro di Savena (before Savena’s inflow into the Idice torrent) showed a remarkable worsening of microbiological conditions of the torrent’s terminal segment, below the S. Lazzaro di Savena depurator outflow. Along with the microbiological parameters, also the traditional physical-chemical parameters were increased in this sampling point, with the exception of dissolved oxygen. As to the metals, their concentrations were generally modest, especially in the hilly segment. VHO were not found in Pianoro; although in low concentrations, such compounds were detected four times in S. Lazzaro only. Finally, during the investigation period, chlorinated pesticides were not present in measurable quantities; as to triazine pesticides, only the atrazine was detected in 3 S. Lazzaro samples. A comparison with traditional microbiological and chemical parameters, furnished by a previous similar study, showed a worsening of water pollution in Pianoro; on the contrary, S. Lazzaro water conditions appeared improved
Compulsory and recommended vaccination in Italy: evaluation of coverage and non-compliance between 1998-2002 in Northern Italy
No full textBackground : Since vaccinations are an effective prevention tool for maintaining the health of society, the monitoring of immunization coverage allows us to identify areas where disease outbreaks are likely to occur, and possibly assist us in predicting future outbreaks. The aim of this study is the investigation of the coverage achieved for compulsory (diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B,) and recommended (pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, measles-mumps-rubella) vaccinations between 1998 and 2002 in the municipality of Bologna and the identification of the subjects not complying with compulsory and recommended vaccinations.
Methods: The statistics regarding vaccinal coverage were elaborated from the data supplied by the Bologna vaccinal registration system (1998-2000) and the IPV4 program (2001-2002). To calculate the coverage for compulsory vaccinations and cases of non-compliance reference was made to the protocol drawn up by the Emilia Romagna Regional Administration. The reasons for non-compliance were divided into various categories
Results: In Bologna the levels of immunization for the four compulsory vaccinations are satisfactory: over 95% children completed the vaccinal cycle, receiving the booster for anti-polio foreseen in their 3rd year and for anti-dyphteria,tetanus, pertussis at 6 years. The frequency of subjects with total non-compliance (i.e. those who have not begun any compulsory vaccinations by the age of one year) is generally higher in Bologna than in the region, with a slight increase in 2002 (2.52% and 1.06% in the city and the region respectively). The frequency of the anti-measles vaccination is higher than that of mumps and rubella, which means that the single vaccine, as opposed to the combined MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) was still being used in the period in question.
The most common reason for non compliance is objection of parents and is probably due to reduction of certain diseases or anxiety about the possible risks.
Conclusions - In Bologna the frequency of children aged 12 and 24 months who have achieved compulsory vaccination varied, in 2002, between 95% and 98%. As regards recommended vaccinations the percentage of coverage against Haemophilus influenzae is 93.3%, while the levels for measles, mumps and pertussis range from 84% to approx. 92%. Although these percentages are higher if compared to those obtained by other Italian regions, every effort should be made to strengthen the aspects that lead to a successful vaccinal strategy
Infection control in dental health care settings: results of a survey on current disinfection practices
No full textDisinfection efficiency of peracetic acid (PAA): inactivation of coliphages and bacterial indicators in a municipal wastewater plant.
No full textDisinfezione in ambiente odontoiatrico: valutazione delle conoscenze e dei criteri di scelta dei prodotti
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Ricerche sulla qualità microbiologica e chimica delle acque del torrente Idice, con particolare riferimento a metalli, organoalogenati volatili e pesticidi
No full textLa qualità delle acque del torrente Idice – affluente del fiume Reno – è stata valutata ricercando i principali parametri batteriologici – indicatori di contaminazione fecale, salmonelle, pseudomonas e stafilococchi – e chimici, tra cui, oltre ai parametri tradizionali, i metalli, i composti organoalogenati volatili e alcuni pesticidi. I risultati relativi alle 4 stazioni di campionamento hanno messo in evidenza un aumento dell’inquinamento di tipo domestico dalla prima alla terza stazione ed una successiva riduzione nell’ultima stazione, a monte dell’immissione nel Reno, probabilmente per processi di autodepurazione. Relativamente ai parametri batteriologici accessori, sono stati riscontrati Pseudomonas aeruginosa in quantità elevate in tutte le stazioni, e alcune specie del genere Staphylococcus (ad eccezione di S. Aureus). Per quanto concerne i metalli, soprattutto nel tratto montano le concentrazioni sono risultate generalmente modeste e i composti organoalogenati volatili sono stati riscontrati saltuariamente e a dosi contenute. Sono state inoltre rilevate saltuariamente scarse quantità di lindano e, nei mesi in cui viene maggiormente impiegata (aprile e maggio), di atrazina. Complessivamente, la qualità microbiologica e chimica delle acque del torrente Idice è risultata soddisfacente e migliorata rispetto a quella riscontrata in precedenti indagini
Microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines: comparison between er:yag laser and turbine lines.
No full textDiffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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