1,721,774 research outputs found
Gamma-Ray Astronomy with Cherenkov TelescopesAIP Conference Proceedings
No full textThe γ-astronomy with Cherenkov telescope has recently made great progress coming to the 2nd generation of instruments. The higher sensitivity and lower energy threshold have brought to discover new sources. The determination of their spectra, necessary for developing models for acceleration, emission and absorption of the γ-rays, will shed new light on the century-old problem of the origin of galactic cosmic rays. A short summary of the current physics objectives in the γ-astronomy and a description of the Cherenkov telescopes technique is given. Some representative observations from the two operative telescopes, HESS and MAGIC are described. © 2005 American Institute of Physics
A model for periodic blazars
No full textWe describe a scenario to explain blazar periodicities with time-scales of similar to few years. The scenario is based on a binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) system in which one of the two SMBHs carries a jet. We discuss the various mechanisms that can cause the jet to precess and produce corkscrew patterns through space with a scale of similar to few pc. It turns out that the dominant mechanism responsible for the precession is simply the imprint of the jet-carrying SMBH orbital speed on the jet. Gravitational deflection and Lense-Thirring precession (due to the gravitational field of the other SMBH) are second-order effects. We complement the scenario with a kinematical jet model which is inspired to the spine-sheath structure observed in M87. One of the main advantages of such a structure is that it allows the peak of the synchrotron emission to scale with frequency according to nu F alpha nu(xi) as the viewing angle is changed, where. is not necessarily 3 or 4 as in the case of jets with uniform velocity, but can be xi similar to 1. Finally, we apply the model to the source PG1553+113, which has been recently claimed to show a T-obs = (2.18 +/- 0.08) yr periodicity. We are able to reproduce the optical and gamma-ray light curves and multiple synchrotron spectra simultaneously. We also give estimates of the source mass and size
The cosmic ray primary spectrum in the transition region between direct and indirect measurements (10 TeV - 10 PeV)
No full textThe cosmic ray spectrum between 10 TeV and 10 PeV is a key region to understand the origin and the acceleration processes of the galactic radiation. Around 100 TeV measurements performed by balloons and air shower arrays partially overlap. The experimental results recently obtained by both techniques are summarized. The picture that comes out from a common interpretation of the data is a steeper proton spectrum compared to the helium and CNO groups with a dominance of the helium component in the knee region. The agreeement on the proton spectrum by balloons and air shower arrays is remarkable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A new method to unveil blazars among multiwavelength counterparts of unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources
Get PDFWe discuss a new method for unveiling the possible blazar active galactic nucleus nature among the numerous populations of unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGSs) in the Fermi catalogues. Our tool relies on the positional correspondence of the Fermi object with X-ray sources (mostly from Swift-XRT), correlated with other radio, infrared and optical data in the field. We built a set of spectral energy distribution templates representative of the various blazar classes, and we quantitatively compared them to the observed multiwavelength flux density data for all Swift-XRT sources found within the Fermi error box, by taking advantage of some well-recognized regularities in the broad-band spectral properties of the objects. We tested the procedure by comparison with a few well-known blazars, and tested the chance for false-positive recognition of UGSs against known pulsars and other Galactic and extragalactic sources. Based on our spectral recognition tool, we find the blazar candidate counterparts for 14 2FGL UGSs among 183 selected at high galactic latitudes. Furthermore, our tool also allows us to obtain rough estimates of the redshift for the candidate blazar. In a few cases in which this has been possible (I.e. when the counterpart was an SDSS object), we verified that our estimate is consistent with the measured redshift. The estimated redshifts of the proposed UGS counterparts are larger, on average, than those of known Fermi blazars, a fact that might explain the lack of previous association or identification in published catalogues
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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